La carencia de servicios básicos como agua potable, para zonas como Cajamarquilla, es un problema social que se debe solucionar. Ante esta situación existen proyectos para dotar de servicios de agua a la zona, que por la geografía que presentan se utilizarán reservorios apoyados en los cerros aledaños. El procedimiento de diseño de un reservorio circular de concreto para la zona, servirá como guía para futuros proyectos. Siendo el objetivo de la investigación proponer criterios y un método adecuado para diseñar la estructura de un reservorio de concreto armado que cumplan con los parámetros de la propuesta de norma E030 2014 para la zona de Cajamarquilla, dada la poca información que existe de estos a pesar de ser de uso muy común en nuestro país. El tipo de la investigación es cualitativo, correlacional y de diseño experimental puro, con el fin de obtener resultados certeros para el diseño de reservorio. Finalmente, el método a usar es el que propone la norma del ACI 350-06, basándose en masas impulsivas y convectivas, del modelo de Housner, para el análisis estático mientras que para análisis el dinámico se utilizó el software Sap2000, por el método de elementos finitos y aplicando el espectro de diseño de la norma ACI 350 adecuándose a la norma peruana, como también para el diseño estructural de los elementos del tanque. La distorsión hallada es de 0.001 y que las cortantes basales estáticas y dinámicas son similares estando en un rango de 90%, por lo que se cumplen con los parámetros de la nueva propuesta de norma E030 2014. The lack of basic services such as water, to areas like Cajamarquilla, is a social problem to be solve. In this situation there are plans to provide water services to the area, by geography reservoirs that have supported in the surrounding hills are used. The process of designing a concrete circular reservoir area will serve as a guide for future projects. As the aim of the research propose criteria and an appropriate method to design the structure of a reinforced concrete reservoir that meet the parameters of the proposed rule for the 2014 E030 Cajamarquilla area, given the little information that exists in spite of these It is very commonly used in our country. The type of research is qualitative, pure correlational and experimental design, in order to obtain accurate results reservoir design. Finally, the method used is the standard proposed by the ACI 350-06, based on impulsive and convective mass Housner model for static analysis while for the Sap2000 dynamic analysis software used by the method of and applying the finite element design spectrum ACI 350 standard adapting to the Peruvian standard, as well as for the structural design of the elements of the tank. The distortion founded that the cutting 0.001y static and dynamic baseline are like being in a range of 90%, so that meet the parameters of the new E030 2014 proposed rule.

Dans la plupart des mers et des océans, la zone littorale est dominée par de grandes Phaeophyceae (Laminariales et Fucales) qui jouent un rôle écologique majeur dans la structuration et le fonctionnement de l’écosystème (fourniture d’habitats, de nourri ture, de frayères et de nurseries pour de nombreuses espèces). En Méditerranée, ce sont les espèces de Fucales appartenant aux genres Cystoseira C. Agardh et Sargassum C. Agardh qui sont les principales espèces structurantes du stade climacique de la végétation photophile de la zone littorale (de la surface jusqu’à 70-80 m de profondeur dans les eaux les plus claires). L’étude diachronique menée dans ce travail de thèse à partir des premières observations scientifiques exploitables (18ème siècle) est une première en Méditerranée sur autant de linéaire de côte (~ 2 970 km à l’échelle 2 500ème). Les résultats obtenus par l’analyse des données historiques et actuelles de distribution des Fucales le long des côtes françaises différent suivant les espèces étudiées, aussi bien en ce qui concerne l’état de conservation des populations que les causes impliquées dans leur régression. Dans l’ensemble, les forêts de Cystoseira et de Sargassum ont régressé de façon drastique en Méditerranée française. L’écosystème a souvent basculé (regime shift) vers un état stable alternatif (Multiple Stable State) de type barren ground, caractérisé par la dominance de macrophytes calcifiés encroûtants (corallinacées) et d’oursins. / Throughout the world, coastal ecosystems are severely affected by the cumulative impact of increasing human pressure (e.g. destruction of habitats, pollution, non-indigenous species, overfishing, coastal aquaculture and global warming). Different foms of stress act over time and in unison, with a possible synergistic effect, on species, ecosystems and their ability to deliver ecosystem services. Along temperate rocky coasts worldwide, large canopy-forming kelps (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) and fucoids (Fucales, Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) represent the dominant species in pristine environments. In the Mediterranean Sea, species of the genus Cystoseira C. Agardh and Sargassum C. Agardh are habitat-forming species dominating several assemblages from the littoral fringe down to the lower sublittoral zone (0 down to 70-80 m depth). The present diachronic study based on the first usable scientific observations (18th century) is the first in the Mediterranean to cover such a long stretch of coastline (~ 2970 km at 1/2 500 scale). The results obtained by the analysis of historical and current data on the distribution of Fucales along the French coast differ according to the species studied, both with regard to the conservation status of populations and the causes involved in their regression. The general loss of habitat-structuring species is worrying. We are witnessing a typical regime shift with a replacement of macroalgal forests by less structured algal assemblages dominated by Corallinales or by barren grounds dominated by encrusting species, filamentous algae and sea urchins.

La gestion et la conservation des littoraux exigent la synthèse de données géographiques sur la répartition et l'intensité des activités humaines et sur le cumul de leurs impacts sur les écosystèmes côtiers marins et terrestres. Actuellement, à l’échelle du littoral européen ou français, peu d’études offrent une vision globale des risques sur les habitats terrestres et marins. Comment s’y répartissent les pressions humaines sur la biodiversité ? Comment mieux définir le système littoral et ainsi améliorer la gestion de ce territoire ? A l’échelle européenne, à l’aide de 24 pressions anthropiques issues d’EUROSTAT sur une classification NUTS, nous avons découpé le littoral terrestre européen en bandes de 10 km jusqu’à une limite de 100 km et identifié la répartition et l’intensité relative des pressions sur les environnements côtiers. Nous avons ainsi montré que la grande majorité des pressions se situent directement sur le trait de côte et les 30 premiers kilomètres, puis diminue fortement jusqu’à la limite des 100 km. Ce découpage du littoral européen nous a aussi permis, à l’aide d’analyses factorielles des correspondances couplées à de la classification hiérarchique ascendante, de diviser les territoires littoraux en 4 groupes cohérents présentant les mêmes pressions et intensités relatives à l’échelle de l’Europe. A l’échelle française, nous avons également développé un modèle spatial pondéré par dires d’experts basé sur la géolocalisation de 15 pressions anthropiques pour 81 habitats biophysiques marins et terrestres présents sur les littoraux français métropolitains. L’information est synthétisée sous la forme de score appliqué à un maillage composé de 26000 cellules de 25 km². Cette méthode de scoring cumulative, dans un modèle additif des impacts anthropiques, nous montre les aires à risques à la fois sur le territoire marin et terrestre. Encore une fois, les zones les plus affectées par les perturbations humaines sont les plus proches du littoral. A contrario, les zones les moins affectées sont celles avec une bathymétrie forte et celles avec une élévation importante. Nous avons finalement développé un site web participatif qui comporte de la SIG intégrée pour permettre la collecte et la diffusion de l’analyse de ces pressions anthropiques sur la France métropolitaine en suivant notre modèle additif et permet à des échelles plus locales de restituer notre analyse à tout type d’utilisateur. Au final, peu de zones ne sont pas affectées par les activités humaines (0,1%) et au contraire, une fraction importante présente de très forts risques (4,8%). Les risques sont de plus en plus forts en se rapprochant du trait de côte. Ces analyses et les cartes développées sont des outils permettant de mieux comprendre les enjeux de conservation pour la mise en œuvre d’une gestion des socio-écosystèmes littoraux et permettront de mieux cibler les priorités dans la conservation de notre territoire à échelle continentale, nationale ou locale. / Coastal management and conservation require the synthesis of geographic data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and their combined impacts on marine and terrestrial coastal ecosystems. Currently, across the European or French coasts, few studies provide a global view of risks on terrestrial and marine habitats. How are human pressures on biodiversity distributed? How to define the littoral system and thus improve management of this territory? At the European level, using 24 human pressures from EUROSTAT across the NUTS classification, we cut the European coasts in strips of 10 km to a limit of 100 km and identified the distribution and relative intensity pressures on coastal environments. We have shown that the great majority of the pressures occurs directly on the coastline and in the first 30 kilometers, then decreases sharply to the limit of 100 km. This division of the European coasts has also allowed us to use factorial correspondence analyses coupled with a hierarchical cluster analysis to divide the coastal territories in 4 coherent groups with the same pressures and relative intensities across Europe. At the French level, we have also developed a spatial model weighted by expert opinions based on geolocation of 15 human pressures on 81 marine and terrestrial biophysical habitats present on the metropolitan French coasts. The information is synthesized in the form of impact score applied to a mesh composed of 26000 cells (25 km²). This method of cumulative anthropogenic impacts scoring in an additive model shows areas with higher risks on both the marine and land territory. Again, the most affected areas by the human disturbances are close to the coast. Conversely, the least affected areas are those with a strong bathymetry and those with a significant elevation. We finally developed a participatory website that includes integrated GIS that allows the collection and dissemination of analysis of these human pressures on France following our additive model and allows at more local scales to return our analysis from any type of user. In the end few areas are not affected by human activities (0.1%) and a rather large fraction present very high risk (4.8%). The nearer the coastline, the more the risks are high. These analyses and maps are tools that give better understanding of conservation issues for the implementation of a socio-ecosystems coastal management and that will target the priorities in the conservation of our territories at a continental, national or local scale.

<p>Istraživanja u ovom radu su obuhvatila primenu koncepta analize značaja pritisaka i&nbsp;<br />uticaja i metoda za identifikaciju i klasifikaciju&nbsp; izvora pritisaka; karakterizaciju i analizu&nbsp;pritisaka; procenu statusa vodnih tela i procenu uticaja/rizika da se ne dostigne njihov&nbsp;dobar ekolo&scaron;ki status/potencijal. Ukupan broj registrovanih zagađivača na teritoriji AP&nbsp;Vojvodine iznosi 185, trenutno radi njih 130. Najvi&scaron;e zagađivača svoje otpadne vode&nbsp;<br />ispu&scaron;ta u Tisu, DTD Vrbas-Bezdan i Begej, koji su recipijenti 61% od ukupne količine&nbsp;<br />otpadnih voda. Skoro 70% od ukupnog broja zagađivača pripada sektoru prerađivačke&nbsp;<br />industrije, a među njima je najzastupljenija proizvodnja prehrambenih proizvoda i pića.&nbsp;Prosečna dnevna količina ispu&scaron;tenih otpadnih voda iznosi oko 140.000 m³/dan. &nbsp;Ukupno&nbsp;organsko zagađenje koje se emituje u vodotoke na području AP Vojvodine, a &nbsp;potiče &nbsp;od&nbsp;otpadnih voda iznosi 33 tHPK/dan i 15 tBPK/dan. Polovina zagađivača svoje otpadne vode&nbsp;ispu&scaron;taju bez ikakvog tretmana, četvrtina njih poseduje primarni tretman preči&scaron;ćavanja,&nbsp;dok tercijarni tretman primenjuje svega 3% zagađivača. Veoma je mali broj zagađivača kod&nbsp;kojih su emitovane konecentracije usklađene sa propisanim graničnim vrednostima&nbsp;emisije, za nutrijente je to oko 50%, dok je za organske materije samo četvrtina &nbsp;od&nbsp;ukupnog broja zagađivača. Od 37 vodotoka, samo tri se klasifikuju u klasu 2, &scaron;to odgovara&nbsp;dobrom kvalitetu voda. Kvalitet najvećeg broja vodotoka odgovara &nbsp; slabom ili lo&scaron;em&nbsp;statusu/potencijalu (tj. klasama 4 ili 5). Najveća odstupanja od dobrog statusa/ potencijala&nbsp;su u sadržaju nutrijenata i parametara kiseoničnog&nbsp; režima. Rezultati &nbsp;su pokazali da su&nbsp;polutanti visokog rizika najče&scaron;će nutrijenti i parametri kiseoničnog režima, &scaron;to&nbsp;najverovatnije predstavlja negativan uticaj ispu&scaron;tanja otpadnih voda. Ukupno &nbsp;opterećenje&nbsp;zagađujućih materija a time i broj vodotoka na kojima je prema&scaron;eno ciljano opterećenje&nbsp;znatno raste sa porastom emitovanog opterećenja iz&nbsp; koncentrisanih izvora, ali i &nbsp;sa&nbsp;smanjivanjem protoka vode u vodotocima. Najveći broj vodotoka (20) na kojima je&nbsp;prema&scaron;eno ciljano opterećenje je u slučaju HPK i fosfora. U slučaju postizanja graničnih&nbsp;vrednosti emisije kod svakog zagađivača, broj vodotoka na kojima je prema&scaron;eno ciljano&nbsp;opterećenje se smanjuje za 15-50%, zavisno od parametara, pri čemu broj vodotoka na&nbsp;kojima je prema&scaron;eno ciljano opterećenje ne zavisi od veličine emitovanog opterećenja nego&nbsp;samo od protoka vode u kanalima.</p> / <p>Research in this study included the concept of pressure and influence&nbsp;significance analysis as well as the methods for identification and classification of the&nbsp;pressure sources: characterisation and analysis of&nbsp; pressures; assessment of the water&nbsp;bodies&rsquo; status and assessment of impacts/risks thattheir good ecological status/potential&nbsp;is not achieved. Total number of registered polluters in Vojvodina is 185, 130 of them&nbsp;currently working. Most polluters discharge their waste water into the Tisa River, DTD&nbsp;Vrbas-Bezdan and Begej River, who are the recipients of 61% of the total volume of&nbsp;wastewater. Almost 70% of the total number of contaminants belongs to the processing&nbsp;industry, and among them the most common is food and beverage production. The average&nbsp;daily amount of discharged wastewater is approximately 140 000 m³/day. Total organic&nbsp;pollution emitted into the watercourses in the areaof AP Vojvodina originates from the&nbsp;waste water is 33 tCOD/day and 15 tBOD/day. Half of the polluters discharge their waste&nbsp;water without any treatment; a quarter of them haveprimary wastewater treatment, while&nbsp;tertiary treatment is applied by only 3% of polluters. A very small number of polluters&nbsp;have their emitted pollutant concentration compatible with the prescribed emission limit&nbsp;values: for nutrients it is about 50%, while for the organic matter, it is only a quarter of the&nbsp;total number of polluters. From 37 watercourses, only three are classified as class 2, which&nbsp;corresponds to good quality water. Quality of the greatest number of watercourses&nbsp;corresponds to poor or bad status/potential (ie. classes 4 or 5). The biggest deviation from&nbsp;good status/potential is due to nutrients content and oxygen regime parameters. Results&nbsp;showed that high-risk pollutants are commonly nutrients and oxygen regime parameters,&nbsp;which probably represents the negative impact of waste water discharges. The total load of&nbsp;pollutants, and therefore the number of watercourses where the target load it exceeded, &nbsp;significantly increases with the increase of emitted loads from the point sources, but also&nbsp;with the reduction of water flow in rivers. The largest number of watercourses (20) in&nbsp;which the target load is exceeded, is due to COD and phosphorus. In the case of achieving&nbsp;the emission limit values for each polluter, the number of watercourses in which the&nbsp;targeted load is exceeded would be reduced by 15-50%, depending on the parameters,&nbsp;whereby the number of watercourses in which the targeted load it exceeded is not&nbsp;dependent on the load emitted but just on the waterflow in the channels.&nbsp;</p>

Background: Understanding the process of strategy change offers a unique insight into the functioning of an enterprise. While well-researched in the context of Western private firms, this process has attracted relatively little attention in state-owned Chinese enterprises. A research on this topic is particularly pertinent today, when many Chinese state-owned enterprises have attracted attention of international investors and the Covid-19 pandemic situation has created unprecedented challenges for daily operations of enterprises.  Purpose: In order to understand the process strategy change, this research has focused on the elements of the strategy change process and the role of institutional pressures in it on an example of China Eastern airline: a state-owned listed enterprise in China.  Method: This is a qualitative case study based on 7 semi-structured interviews with the employees of China Eastern Airlines. A thematic analysis is used for analyzation of the primary data. Findings/Conclusion: This research has confirmed the presence of concurrent processes of planned and emergent strategy change processes and the impactful role of normative and coercive pressures in the processes of change. Several deviations from the previous theories of strategy change were detected and attributed to the differences in national and organizational culture. The findings of this research confirm the general similarity of the process of strategy change during and outside crisis and highlight the potential cultural differences in strategy change in Western and Chinese firm.

<p>This study explores how working moms show resiliency in the age of social media; consumed by the pressures to excel in their careers and in raising their families. Fifteen self-identified working moms are interviewed about their reason(s) for working, their purpose behind their social media usage, the challenges and rewards of being a working mom, their definition and their assumption of society’s definition of what a working mom is, and how they overcome tough days.  The following themes emerge: moms assessing situations, moms adjusting their daily lives, self-scrutiny, money, expectations, the influence on the children, and the gleaning of humor not hate from social media platforms. These themes are supported by participant voices and existing literature to add to research surrounding this important topic. Limitations and future directions are also discussed. </p>

En 1980, une excitation électronique inédite des électrons supraconducteurs a été mise en évidence par spectroscopie Raman dans le composé 2H-NbSe2. Cette excitation semble pouvoir être associée à un mode collectif d’amplitude du paramètre d’ordre supraconducteur.Ce mode, analogue au boson de Higgs dans le modèle standard, est normalement non couplé à la lumière mais serait observable dans le cas de 2H-NbSe2 via un couplage de la supraconductivité avec une autre phase exotique appelée onde de densité de charge.Cette thèse a consisté à utiliser la spectroscopie Raman sous haute pression pour mettre cette théorie à l’épreuve de deux façons. D’une part, en détruisant l’onde de densité de charge dans 2H-NbSe2 sous haute pression et voir si celle-ci est réellement nécessaire à l’observation du mode Higgs. D’autre part, en cherchant de nouveaux exemples d’observation du mode de Higgs dans d’autres composés (2H-TaS2, 2H-TaSe2,...) où la supraconductivité coexiste avec une onde de densité de charge / In 1980, a unique electronic excitation of the superconducting electrons was observed in 2H-NbSe2 by Raman spectroscopy. This excitation can be associated to a collective mode of the amplitude of the superconducting order parameter. This mode, analogous to the Higgs boson in the standard model, is not coupled to light but would be visible in 2H-NbSe2through a coupling to another exotic phase called charge density wave.This thesis consisted in using Raman spectroscopy under high pressures to tackle thistheory in two different ways. Firstly, by inducing a collapse of the charge density wave athigh pressure and see if the coupling to this phase really is a requisite to the visibility of the Higgs mode. Secondly, by searching for new exemples of Higgs modes in other compounds (2H-TaS2, 2H-TaSe2,...) where superconductivity coexists with a charge density wave

Research shows that strong CSR practices have a positive impact on organizational commitment which is crucial when employees are faced with negative events in the organization. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to adopt CSR practices to retain engaged employees as they are less likely to engage in behaviors disadvantageous to the organization when negative events occur. However, some organizations face difficulties balancing efficiency with sustainable practices and respond to the pressures of CSR by adhering to or actively resisting it. The aim of this study is to explore what employee withdrawal behaviors can be associated with organizations’ strategic responses to CSR. We operationalize this aim by conducting ten semi-structured interviews studying what behaviors employees adopt in reaction to events in the Swedish fast fashion industry. An analytical framework has been created and applied to the findings based on previous research on employee withdrawal behavior and organizations’ strategic responses to institutional pressures. The findings indicate that there is a higher likelihood amongst committed employees to potentially engage in withdrawal behaviors the more organizations actively resisted CSR as a practice. A new dimension of withdrawal behavior is added to complement previous research to ultimately provide inspiration for future research.

No description available.

Background: Digitalized operations have become praxis for organizations of all shapes and sizes and while the digital tools keep developing, certain aspects make it difficult for certain organizations to keep up. One of the most modern, efficient, and sought-after digital tools is artificial intelligence (AI). With increased efficiency and decreased human errors, it has become the foundation for operations within organizations all over the world. One of these types of operations is the human resource management (HRM) process found in each organization. And while some industries have had a much easier task in adopting AI into their HRM function, others have had more difficulty. Purpose: While there are a few theories of what might affect the process of AI adoption, these are quite old and often known to managers. Yet, certain industries have a hard time adopting AI tools within the HRM function while other industries have fully implemented automated systems that have revolutionized the way they operate. The purpose of this study is to understand why and how AI adoption differs between these industries when it comes to similar operations such as the HRM function. Method:        The methods of this study were based on the grounded theory (GT) as a basis to analyze eight different organizations within the financial industry and telecom industry. Through semi-structured interviews, different aspects could be illustrated as crucial when it comes to the possibility to adopt AI within existing operations.  Conclusion: The results of this study show that the AI-maturity of the organization and industry alike play a crucial part in successfully adopting AI. But the institutional pressures and the available resources are equally important to understand to be able to successfully adopt AI. These two aspects form the outcome of AI adoption and the number of complex combinations that can be formed highlights why AI adoption differs between organizations and industries alike.