The thesis is a contribution to the field of Translation Studies focusing on Translation History. It is concerned with the techniques and methods used in German-Czech translations at the time of the Renaissance and the Reformation. Three selected German texts form the 16th and early 17th century and their first translations into Czech were analysed in this work in order to revise and further extend the current research findings on translations of the period and to provide an overview of the main problems connected with investigation of old prints. Based on our original analysis we conclude that the translation techniques and methods used in the time of the Renaissance and the Reformation were very diverse and often mutually contradictory. No evidence of consistent translation strategies or any universal translation norm was found within the scope of our analysis.

(in English): This work describe fundation, history and status quo of bookstock of the Litomerice's chapter house's library. It is continuation of process of classification of oldest prints of the Litomerice's chapter house's library (of prints of the second half of the 16th century) and describe this process. It introducts professional public in the contemporary context with some single entities, that represent historical and artistic wealth of the Litomerice's chapter house's library.

L’art de Rembrandt, s’il est vivement admiré dans la France du XVIIIe siècle, n’en déroute pas moins ces biographes. En dépit d’un génie largement reconnu, il incarne le rejet des règles classiques défendues par l’académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. De fait ces contempteurs n’ont de cesse de dénoncer sa manière « peu léchée », son « style raboteux » ainsi que sa prétendue méconnaissance de la peinture italienne. Son œuvre gravé seul échappe à cette doxa : si la technique du peintre est pour une grande part incomprise, ses gravures, a contrario, font l’objet d’un véritable engouement, ouvrant par là-même de vastes perspectives au sein de l’histoire de l’art du XVIIIe siècle français : théoriques d’abord, puisque ses estampes font l’objet du premier catalogue raisonné en 1751 par Edme-François Gersaint (1694-1751), Jean-Baptiste Glomy (1694-1750) et Pierre-Charles –Alexandre Helle ( ?-1767), artistique ensuite, encourageant par son exemple l’art de la gravure, donnant naissance à de nombreuses imitations, copies, pastiches, fruit du labeur appliqué tant des graveurs professionnels que des amateurs éclairés, fervents collectionneurs de son œuvre gravé. / In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the reception of the Rembrandt ‘s prints is ambivalent, account of the difficulty to conciliate the evident genius of the Dutch master with the classical norms of the French Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. What is more, the majority of French amateurs doesn’t know wery well the Rembrandt’s prints : most of them are part of the dutch culture, illustration of dutch books, ( Médéa), dutch customs (The star of the Kings) or dutch citizen ( Jan Six). The multiplication of the impressions of a same print adds to this problem. This explain why Edme-François Gersaint (1694-1750), one of the most important art dealer in Paris compiled the first comprehensive book to understand the Rembrandt’s prints, a Catalogue raisonné, published in 1751, which he introduced to this form for the first time. With this book, Gersaint gives to the Rembrandt’s prints numbers and titles which are still in use nowadays, and creates criteria to serve as a means for attributing a work to the master, a pupil, an imitator or a forgers. All this system has for result to avoid misunderstandings or confusions with the prints of Bol or Lievens. Translated in the year 1752 in English, it is reworked by Adam Bartsch in 1797 and sell in all Europe. This dissertation proposes to study the genesis of the Gersaint’s catalogue, how Rembrandt’s prints have permitted to create this particular form of art literature, how the French dealer finds anecdotes on Rembrandt’s prints and the titles, still in use nowadays. In a second part, we will interest us on the posterity of the catalogue, how it becames a model too and will modifies all the perception of Rembrandt oeuvre in particular and the perception of prints in general, a perception that we still have and, finally, giving birth to an important numbers of copies and pastiches caused by professionals engravers and amateurs.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os requisitos necessários para criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em imagens, no caso, a gravura artística, levando-se em conta as etapas do Ciclo Informacional. De abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada por pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, de natureza exploratória, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: (1) pesquisa bibliográfica para preparação do quadro teórico de referência; (2) pesquisa de campo para conhecimento de instituições mantenedoras de acervos de gravuras; e (3) sistematização e análise dos dados, o que resultou numa lista de requisitos presentes na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravura. Verificou-se que, como documento, a gravura brasileira é fruto de um processo que inclui diversas etapas e, por vezes, diferentes atores, e que esta tem integrado acervos de Bibliotecas, Arquivos e Museus. O trabalho identificou os seguintes grupos de usuários: (a) os especializados em Arte, como estudantes, pesquisadores, historiadores da Arte e artistas; e (b) o público em geral, ou seja, usuários sem um interesse específico. A partir de conversas (entrevistas) com pessoas de especialidades diversas, evidenciou-se variações quanto à definição de gravura, o que muito contribuiu para este trabalho. A pesquisa de campo, com base nas instituições visitadas e sites analisados, identificou a falta de acervos especializados em gravuras, assim como a necessidade de clareza a respeito das políticas de seleção e aquisição. Constatou-se que os acervos são criados, em sua maioria, a partir de coleções particulares e são ampliados a partir de doações várias, sem priorizar diretrizes ou políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções. Frente a isto, apresentou-se a proposta de um modelo com diretrizes para uso na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravuras, considerando-se o Ciclo Informacional, o Desenvolvimento de Coleções e a Curadoria Digital. / The objective of this research was to investigate the necessary requirements for the creation and maintenance of image collections, in this case, art prints, taking into account the stages of the Informational Cycle. From a qualitative approach, characterized by bibliographical and field research, of an exploratory nature, the research was divided into three stages: (1) bibliographical research to prepare the reference theoretical framework; (2) field research for knowledge of institutions that maintains collections of engravings; and (3) data systematization and analysis, which resulted in a list of requirements for the creation and maintenance of specialized art prints collections. It was verified that, as a document, the Brazilian art print is the result of a process that includes several stages and sometimes different actors, and that it has integrated collections of Libraries, Archives and Museums. The work identified the following groups of users: (a) those specializing in Art, such as students, researchers, art historians and artists; and (b) the general public, i.e. users without a specific interest. From conversations (interviews) with people of diverse specialties, variations on the definition of engraving were evidenced, which contributed much to this work. Field research, based on the visited institutions and sites analyzed, identified a lack of specialized collections in art prints, as well as the need for clarity regarding selection and acquisition policies. It was found that the collections are mostly created from private collections and are expanded from donations, without prioritizing guidelines or collection development policies. Against this, a proposal was presented for a model with guidelines for use in the creation and maintenance of collections specialized in art prints, considering the Information Cycle, Collection Development and Digital Curation.

A tese discute a atuação de Arthur Azevedo como crítico de arte e colecionador no circuito artístico do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos 1870 até os primeiros anos do século XX. A partir de um levantamento de textos esparsos sobre arte escritos pelo autor na imprensa carioca esforça-se por analisar e situar sua produção crítica frente à arte brasileira da segunda metade do século XIX. Concomitantemente busca-se analisar o conjunto de obras (gravuras, pinturas, livros, álbuns e manuscritos) reunidas pelo dramaturgo nesse mesmo período. Frente a essas duas extensas atuações desenvolve-se como tese central a ideia de que a dupla atuação de Arthur Azevedo somente foi possível, por ser aquele um período de reestruturação do meio artístico permitindo que intelectuais como ele, sem formação na área, pudessem atuar como crítico e colecionador. / This thesis discusses Arthur Azevedo\'s acting as an art critic and collector in the circuit of art in Rio de Janeiro from the 1870\'s until the early years of the Twentieth Century. According to a survey of scattered texts of art written by the author in the \"carioca\" press, he strives to analyze and situate his critical production within the Brazilian art of the second half of the Nineteenth Century. At the same time, it is sought to analyze the set of works (prints, painting, books, albums and manuscripts) gathered by the playwright in this same period. With respect to these two extended performances, it is developed as a central thesis the idea that Arthur Azevedo\'s dual acting was only possible because that period was the restructuring of the artistic movement. Thus, enabling that intellectuals like him could act as critics and collectors without professional training.

Este trabalho investiga a circulação e o uso de imagens bidimensionais no Rio de Janeiro do período joanino (1808-1821), principalmente as impressas, produzidas nacionalmente ou importadas da Europa. A principal fonte para a pesquisa foram os anúncios e notícias publicadas nas mais de 1.850 edições da Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, primeiro periódico impresso no Brasil e que circulou de 1808 a 1822. Este levantamento foi combinado com os estudos já existentes sobre a História da Cultura, História da Arte e Cultura Material para o período. / This study explores questions regarding the use and the circulation of bidimensional images in Rio de Janeiro during Dom João VI Brazilian period (1808-1821), with focus on engraved and printed images, locally produced or imported from Europe. The main sources were the advertisements published in more than 1.850 editions of Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro (1808-1822), the first periodic printed in the country. This survey brings together subfields as the Cultural History, Art History and Material Culture studies for this period.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Sudhindra Nath Mishra. / M.S.

Este trabalho investiga a circulação e o uso de imagens bidimensionais no Rio de Janeiro do período joanino (1808-1821), principalmente as impressas, produzidas nacionalmente ou importadas da Europa. A principal fonte para a pesquisa foram os anúncios e notícias publicadas nas mais de 1.850 edições da Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, primeiro periódico impresso no Brasil e que circulou de 1808 a 1822. Este levantamento foi combinado com os estudos já existentes sobre a História da Cultura, História da Arte e Cultura Material para o período. / This study explores questions regarding the use and the circulation of bidimensional images in Rio de Janeiro during Dom João VI Brazilian period (1808-1821), with focus on engraved and printed images, locally produced or imported from Europe. The main sources were the advertisements published in more than 1.850 editions of Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro (1808-1822), the first periodic printed in the country. This survey brings together subfields as the Cultural History, Art History and Material Culture studies for this period.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os requisitos necessários para criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em imagens, no caso, a gravura artística, levando-se em conta as etapas do Ciclo Informacional. De abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada por pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, de natureza exploratória, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: (1) pesquisa bibliográfica para preparação do quadro teórico de referência; (2) pesquisa de campo para conhecimento de instituições mantenedoras de acervos de gravuras; e (3) sistematização e análise dos dados, o que resultou numa lista de requisitos presentes na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravura. Verificou-se que, como documento, a gravura brasileira é fruto de um processo que inclui diversas etapas e, por vezes, diferentes atores, e que esta tem integrado acervos de Bibliotecas, Arquivos e Museus. O trabalho identificou os seguintes grupos de usuários: (a) os especializados em Arte, como estudantes, pesquisadores, historiadores da Arte e artistas; e (b) o público em geral, ou seja, usuários sem um interesse específico. A partir de conversas (entrevistas) com pessoas de especialidades diversas, evidenciou-se variações quanto à definição de gravura, o que muito contribuiu para este trabalho. A pesquisa de campo, com base nas instituições visitadas e sites analisados, identificou a falta de acervos especializados em gravuras, assim como a necessidade de clareza a respeito das políticas de seleção e aquisição. Constatou-se que os acervos são criados, em sua maioria, a partir de coleções particulares e são ampliados a partir de doações várias, sem priorizar diretrizes ou políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções. Frente a isto, apresentou-se a proposta de um modelo com diretrizes para uso na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravuras, considerando-se o Ciclo Informacional, o Desenvolvimento de Coleções e a Curadoria Digital. / The objective of this research was to investigate the necessary requirements for the creation and maintenance of image collections, in this case, art prints, taking into account the stages of the Informational Cycle. From a qualitative approach, characterized by bibliographical and field research, of an exploratory nature, the research was divided into three stages: (1) bibliographical research to prepare the reference theoretical framework; (2) field research for knowledge of institutions that maintains collections of engravings; and (3) data systematization and analysis, which resulted in a list of requirements for the creation and maintenance of specialized art prints collections. It was verified that, as a document, the Brazilian art print is the result of a process that includes several stages and sometimes different actors, and that it has integrated collections of Libraries, Archives and Museums. The work identified the following groups of users: (a) those specializing in Art, such as students, researchers, art historians and artists; and (b) the general public, i.e. users without a specific interest. From conversations (interviews) with people of diverse specialties, variations on the definition of engraving were evidenced, which contributed much to this work. Field research, based on the visited institutions and sites analyzed, identified a lack of specialized collections in art prints, as well as the need for clarity regarding selection and acquisition policies. It was found that the collections are mostly created from private collections and are expanded from donations, without prioritizing guidelines or collection development policies. Against this, a proposal was presented for a model with guidelines for use in the creation and maintenance of collections specialized in art prints, considering the Information Cycle, Collection Development and Digital Curation.

The purpose of this study is to attain an understanding of my work for the viewer as well as myself. These works on paper are visual documents illustrating my ideas and opinions about media and its desire for control. Through research, critical thinking, experience, and exposure to media (both wanted and unwanted) I have created imagery that I feel is exemplary of our forced relationship with advertising. In order to accomplish this I studied my influences, and the origin of my current work. Reading upon realization of those influences further informed the work. Every conceivable influence was studied and analyzed, and those studies are contained in this thesis. Questions of audience, scale, medium, and history were also taken into account as a measure to make this thesis cohesive. As an audience for advertisers we must constantly be aware of how our sensitivities are being played upon.