The development of tool steels for making and shaping other materials requires a better understanding of the material's properties during manufacture. These high-quality steels include many alloying elements, which give increased hardness during tempering. For producing hardened microstructures, austenite generation is essential. The martensite formed by rapid quenching of austenite followed by tempering helps develop high strength steels. Studying carbide precipitation is a challenge as they are very small in size, present only in small volume fractions and high number densities. The carbide reactions are complicated due to so-called metastable carbides, which are only present as part of the precipitation process. This work focuses on model alloys with two main elements in addition to iron and carbon, molybdenum, and vanadium, to clarify and simplify the carbide characterization. This is done to determine the effect of molybdenum and vanadium carbides on the overall hardness. In this work, two model alloys, A and B, are tempered at 550°C and 600°C with the same vanadium content but different molybdenum contents. The hardness of the materials is evaluated and compared at these temperatures. A more detailed characterization work is done for material A with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) to understand the microstructure and analyze the precipitates. Simulations are performed with Thermo-Calc Prisma (TC-Prisma) to support the experimental work, which includes the simulation of the secondary carbide precipitation, mainly molybdenum carbides in material A tempered for 24h at 600°C, and predicts the carbide precipitation behavior in this steel. The results from STEM-EDS and TC-Prisma for material A, show that the small secondary carbides in the martensite contribute to the increased strength of material A. Due to the overaging of the carbides at 600°C, the hardness at 550°C is higher than at 600°C for material A. The given thesis work is an attempt to interpret the development of secondary carbides of Mo and V in the martensitic matrix and their role in the overall hardness. / Den ständiga utvecklingen av högpresterande stål för transport, konstruktion och energisektorn kräver bättre förståelse för materialets egenskaper vid tillverkning. Dessa martensitiska stål inkluderar många legeringselement vilket ger ökad hårdhet vid härdning och anlöpning. Att studera utskiljning av karbider är en utmaning eftersom de är närvarande endast i liten volymsfraktion. Karbidreaktionerna är komplexa till följd av så kallade metastabila karbider vilka endast är närvarande vid en del av utskiljningsförloppet. För att tydliggöra och förenkla karbidkarakteriseringen fokuserar detta arbete på modellegeringar med två huvudelement utöver järn och kol, molybden och vanadin. Detta görs för att fastställa effekten av molybden och vanadinkarbider på den totala hårdheten. I detta arbete studeras två modellegeringar, A och B, härdade och anlöpta vid 550 °C och 600 °C med samma vanadininnehåll men olika molybdeninnehåll. Materialens hårdhet utvärderas och jämförs vid dessa temperaturer. Ett mer detaljerat karaktäriseringsarbete görs för material A med hjälp av STEM-EDS för att förstå mikrostrukturen och analysera utskiljningarna. Simuleringar görs med TC-PRISMA för att stödja det experimentella arbetet, vilket inkluderar simulering av den sekundära karbidutskiljningen och predikterar karbidstrukturen i dessa stål. Resultaten visar att de små sekundärkarbiderna i martensiten bidrar till den ökade styrkan hos material A. Hårdheten vid 550 °C är högre än vid 600 °C för material A eftersom både utskiljningen av karbider är sker långsammare och även dislokationsåterhämtning.

The use of the structural masonry can help to reduce the habitational deficit in Brazil, for being a constructive economic and rational system. It is formed by the junction of blocks united with an establishment mortar. This work has as purpose to analyze experimentally, through a factorial planning 32, the influence of the compressive strength and of the thickness of the bedding mortar in the mechanical acting of no grouted prisms of structural clay blocks, one of the methods adopted by the Brazilian standard for analysis of the masonry. For this, it was studied blocks of same compressive strength, making prisms of two blocks with variable thickness of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm and equivalent resistances to 50%, 100% and 150% of the strength of the block in the gross area. With the results of the tests, it was gotten to build representative models of the effects individual and united of the variables thickness and compressive strength of the mortar. / Uma das saídas para diminuir o déficit habitacional no Brasil é a utilização de sistemas construtivos econômicos e racionais. A alvenaria estrutural pode ser apontada como uma das soluções. Ela é formada pela junção de blocos unidos com uma argamassa de assentamento. Este trabalho objetivou analisar experimentalmente, através de um planejamento fatorial 32, a influência da resistência à compressão e da espessura da camada de assentamento no desempenho mecânico de prismas de blocos estruturais cerâmicos não grauteados, um dos métodos adotados pela norma brasileira para análise da alvenaria. Para isto, foram estudados blocos de mesma resistência à compressão, confeccionando prismas de dois blocos com espessuras variáveis de 10 mm, 15 mm e 20 mm e resistências equivalentes a 50%, 100% e 150% da resistência do bloco na área bruta. Com os resultados dos ensaios, conseguiu-se constatar a influência destes parâmetros e construir modelos estatísticos representativos dos efeitos individuais e conjunto das variáveis estudadas.

BARI, Alfa Umaro. Lectinas de sementes de Parkia panurensis e de Parkia biglobosa: estudos físico-químicos e estruturais. 2015. 78 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais)-Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Coordenação PPGBiotec (ppgbiotec@ufc.br) on 2017-06-13T12:45:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_aubari.pdf: 376414 bytes, checksum: 46892f087d561316fb603a219add7360 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-06-13T21:26:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_aubari.pdf: 376414 bytes, checksum: 46892f087d561316fb603a219add7360 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T21:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_aubari.pdf: 376414 bytes, checksum: 46892f087d561316fb603a219add7360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Lectins are proteins of non-immune origin with at least one non-catalytic domain that reversibly binds to specific mono or oligo saccharides and are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. These lectins are presented as valuable tools for biotechnological byplay important biological functions such as recognition of cancer cells, mitogenic agents, immune suppressants among others. In this work, it was isolated lectin from Parkia panurensis seed (Ppal) specifies to mannose and glucose by combining the techniques of ammonium sulfate fractionation and affinity chromatography on a sepharose-mannose column. The analysis of the physicochemical properties showed that Ppal can maintain its hemagglutination activity at a wide range of temperature and pH and also was dependent of metal ions Ca2+and especially Mn2+. By the electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, the Ppal showed an electrophoretic profile composed of dual band, higher molecular weight approximately 45kDaand a smaller molecular weight of approximately30kDa. Studies to determine the three-dimensional structure of Parkia biglobosa seed lectin (PBL) showed the complete crystal structure of PBL complexed withα-methyl-manosídeo consists of a monomer in the asymmetric unit consists of threeβ-prism domains with homologous amino acid sequences arranged in tandem. The structure of the monomer has three carbohydrate binding sites, each binding site to carbohydrates is located in one of theβ-prism domains. All ligands showed different patterns of interaction with the residues of the carbohydrate binding site. / Lectinas são proteínas de origem não imune com no mínimo um domínio não catalítico que se liga de forma reversível a mono ou oligossacarídeos específicos e encontram-se largamente distribuídas no reino vegetal. As lectinas de sementes apresentam-se como valiosas ferramentas biotecnológicas por desempenharem importantes funções biológicos tais como reconhecimento de células cancerígenas, agentes mitogênicos, imunossupressores entre outras. Neste trabalho foi isolada uma lectina de sementes de Parkia panurensis (PpaL) específica por manose e glicose pela combinação das técnicas de fracionamento com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de Sepharose-manose. A análise das propriedades físico-química demonstrou que PpaL consegue manter a sua atividade hemaglutinante a ampla faixa de temperatura e pH. PpaL é uma proteína dependente dos íons metálico Ca2+ e principalmente o Mn2+. Pela analise de eletroforese (SDS-PAGE) PpaL apresentou um perfil eletroforético composto por dupla banda, uma maior com peso molecular de aproximadamente 45 kDa e outra menor com peso molecular de aproximadamente 30 kDa. Estudos para determinação de estrutura tridimensional de lectina de sementes de Parkia biglobosa demonstrou que a estrutura cristalina completa da PBL complexado com α-metil-manosídeo consiste de um monômero na unidade assimétrica formado por três domínios β-prisma com as sequências de aminoácidos homologas arranjado na forma de tandem. A estrutura do monômero apresenta três sítios de ligação a carboidratos, cada sitio de ligação a carboidratos está localizado em um dos domínios β-prisma. Todos os ligantes apresentaram diferentes padrões de interação com os resíduos do sitio de ligação a carboidrato.

Att ständigt utveckla, utvärdera och implementera ny teknik är en viktig delinom alla branscher och samtliga produkter skall bidra till ett effektivarearbetsflöde. Då mätteknik kan anses vara en av grundpelarna inom både bygg-, mark- och anläggningsbranschen är det således avgörande att även dennabransch utvecklas för att effektivisera processerna. Denna studie behandlar enjämförelse av en konventionell mätmetod och en ny typ av mätutrustning somtillåter fjärravläsning. Jämförelsen genomförs för att skapa en uppfattning kringhuruvida den nya tekniken är tillfredsställande gentemot de traditionellamätmetoderna. Utifrån studiens utfall reflekteras användbarheten och enanalys görs kring utfallet för att avgöra hur den nya tekniken är lämplig attanvändas.Jämförelsen har utförts vid Kvarnfallets kraftstation i Rörvattnet, Jämtland, därett 40 meter djupt schakt ned i berget öppnas för att tillåta åtkomst för service-och inspektionsrelaterade arbeten. Kontroller utförs med såväl totalstation somtrådlösa sensorer för att avgöra huruvida bergväggarna i schaktet uppvisarrörelser uppkomna av arbetet på plats. Med hjälp av Mitta AB i Östersund harstudien genomförts genom att de två olika mätmetoderna har utförts påarbetsplatsen, därefter har utfallet jämförts och resultaten visar att det finnstydliga fördelar med den nya tekniken men att användningsområdena inte ärlika breda som för den konventionella mätningen. I det utförda arbetet vidbergschaktet lämpar sig de trådlösa sensorerna mycket väl då de är monteradepå statiska punkter och återger mätdata med täta tidsintervall. Detta ikombination med att de kan fjärravläsas via en webmonitor gör att det finnsekonomiska, säkerhetsmässiga och miljörelaterade vinningar i metoden.Den nya tekniken lämpar sig alltså i projekt där kontinuerlig övervakning avsamma position efterfrågas. Det är däremot viktigt att samla data från sammatidpunkt för att minimera felmarginal då vi såg vissa temperaturrelateradeförändringar av mätresultatet beroende på tidpunkt. / To continuously develop, evaluate and implement new technology is animportant part in all trades and all products shall contribute to a moreefficient workflow. Surveying can be deemed as a foundation in construction,infrastructure and field work and is therefore vital for the marketsdevelopment and streamlining. This study treats a comparison between aconventional surveying method and a new form of surveying equipmentwhich allows remote readings. The study was implemented to develop aperception regarding if the new form of technology is a valid form ofsurveying in comparison to the traditional surveying methods. Based on thestudies result the usability is evaluated and an analysis determines if this newtechnology is suitable in this field of work.This study was made at the hydropower plant Kvarnfallet in Rörvattnet,Jämtland, where a mountain shaft, 40 meter deep is opened to allow forservice and inspection related labour. Surveying is performed both with totalstation and these new wireless sensors to determine whether the exposedmountain shaft shows any movement. With help from Mitta AB in Östersundthe study was achieved by comparing different surveying methods used onsite, thereafter the outcome is analyzed. The results show there are clearbenefits with the new surveying method, although the range of use isrestricted compared to the conventional approach. This specific project issuited for the new type of technology since the surveying only requiresmeasuring of static points and retrieves data continuously in a short timespan. In combination with remote analysis through a web monitor enableseconomic, environmental and safety benefits.The new technology is suited for projects in which continuous surveying froma static position is required. It is by contrast crucial to collect the data in closeproximity to the same time of day to minimize the margin of error due tofluctuations in temperature. / <p>Betyg 2021-06-04</p>

Neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei around the maximum of collectivity are predicted to exist with an extremely stable intrinsic configuration in their ground-state structure. Due to the high degree of axial symmetry and large deformation, these nuclei are also excellent candidates for having long-lived high-K isomers. The present work concerns a study of the structure of the yrast bands and a search for isomers in the neutron-rich 68Er isotopes. Excited states of 68Er isotopes were populated via multi-nucleon transfer reactions. A 859 MeV 136Xe-beam was used to bombard a 170Er-target. The experimental setup consisted of the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer AGATA coupled to the heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer PRISMA. The experiment collected 2 TB of useful data corresponding to 3 days of effective beam time. Beam-like fragments were identified by the PRISMA specrometer placed at the grazing angle of 44 degrees. PRISMA allows for Z, A and q identification as well as TOF and velocity vector determination. This is required for the Doppler correction of the emitted γ rays detected in time coincidence with AGATA. A good Z and very clean A separation has been achieved in PRISMA. Making use of two-body kinematics, Doppler corrected γ-ray spectra for target-like fragments were obtained as well. Due to the novel techniques of PSA and γ-ray tracking, AGATA provided high-quality γ-ray spectra for both beam-like xenon and target-like erbium isotopes. Known yrast bands and isomeric states in neutron-rich erbium isotopes were observed. A candidate for the decay of an isomeric state with Eγ=184 keV  in 173Er, which has no previously known excited states, was identified.

A common issue after injuries with or without surgery is muscular atrophy. Every year approximately 8000 individuals injure their ACL only in Sweden and 4000 undergo surgery. Rehabilitation usually consists of strength training and 70 % of 1RM is a preferred weightwhen trying to build strength and muscle. This systematic review and meta-analysis were investigating the effect of occlusion training after ACL injury compared to traditional rehabilitation, measured with knee function, muscle strength, pain and muscle mass. In this review PubMed, Cinahl, Sportsmedicine &amp; Education index, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus and Web of Science were used for the database search. Two independent authors performed the selection process, GRADE and risk of bias assessment. A total of nine studies were included for the synthesis where four could be included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference were found in the meta-analysis looking at muscle mass. No meta-analysis could be performed on knee function, muscle strength or knee pain. There was a significant difference in the intervention group performing occlusion training compared to the control group when looking at knee pain and knee function, but could not be verified bymeta-analysis. In conclusion occlusion training compared with traditional rehabilitation occlusion training seem to reduce experienced pain during training, increase knee function, preserve more muscle mass and give similar results in strength after 16 days to 16 weeks post ACLR.

Yes / The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Digital technologies (DT) is proliferating a profound socio-technical transformation. Governments and AI scholarship have endorsed key AI principles but lack direction at the implementation level. Through a systematic literature review of 59 papers, this paper contributes to the critical debate on the ethical use of AI in DTs beyond high-level AI principles. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that identifies 14 digital ethics implications for the use of AI in seven DT archetypes using a novel ontological framework (physical, cognitive, information, and governance). The paper presents key findings of the review and a conceptual model with twelve propositions highlighting the impact of digital ethics implications on societal impact, as moderated by DT archetypes and mediated by organisational impact. The implications of intelligibility, accountability, fairness, and autonomy (under the cognitive domain), and privacy (under the information domain) are the most widely discussed in our sample. Furthermore, ethical implications related to the governance domain are shown to be generally applicable for most DT archetypes. Implications under the physical domain are less prominent when it comes to AI diffusion with one exception (safety). The key findings and resulting conceptual model have academic and professional implications.

This research compares the performance of three TypeScript Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) libraries, MikroORM, Prisma, and Sequelize, selected based on a set of software quality attributes. A REST-API was implemented with uniform functionality for each library. A total of 24 endpoints, with functionality representing base SQL queries, were tested for comparison of response time, throughput, and memory usage. Results show that no library is superior in all performance metrics, suggesting ORM selection should align with specific project needs. Generalizability was ensured through varied query complexities and iterations. Future research could expand on this study by testing in diverse environments, testing against baseline query performance, and introducing randomness via true experiments.

C/EBPα und C/EBPβ sind Transkriptionsfaktoren, die die Zellproliferation und Zelldifferenzierung in vielen Geweben regulieren. C/EBPα und C/EBPβ spielen auch eine onkogene Rolle in akuter myeloischer Leukämie und anaplastisch-großzelligen Lymphomen (ALCL). In dieser Studie wird C/EBPα auf neue posttranslationale Modifikationen, wie z. B. Arginin-Methylierungen und Citrullinierungen, sowie Lysin-Methylierungen und Acetylierungen, mit massenspektrometrischen Mitteln untersucht. Es werden eine modifizierbare C/EBPα-Arginin-Citrullinierungsposition und die C/EBPα-Lysinsumoylierung eingehend auf ihren Einfluss auf C/EBPα-Proteininteraktionsnetzwerk überprüft. Außerdem wurde im Verlauf dieser Studie ein Hochdurchsatz-Screening-Verfahren entwickelt, das wir Protein Interaktions-Screening auf einer Peptid Matrix (PrISMa) nennen. Dieses Verfahren dient der Aufklärung des modifikationsabhängigen Proteininteraktionsnetzwerkes von C/EBPβ. PrISMa basiert auf einer Peptidmembran, auf der C/EBPβ-Peptide synthetisiert sind. Viele dieser Peptide enthalten methylierte Arginine und Lysine, acetylierte Lysine, citrullinierte Arginine und phosphorylierte Serine, Tyrosine und Threonine. Mittels PrISMa konnten Interaktionen von C/EBPβ mit Histonacetyltransferasen, dem Mediatorkomplex, Proteinen des nukleären Transports und RNA bindenden und spleißenden Proteinen verifiziert und kartiert werden. Des Weiteren konnte mit Hilfe von PrISMa eine große Anzahl von publizierten C/EBPβ Interaktionspartner spezifischen C/EBPβ-Sequenzen zugeordnet werden. C/EBPβ wird in ALCL in hohem Maße exprimiert und ist für die Zellproliferation dieser Krebsart wichtig. In dieser Studie wird das Proteininteraktionsnetzwerk C/EBPβ in einer ALCL Zelllinie aufgeklärt, um tiefere Einsichten über die Funktion von C/EBPβ als Onkogen zu erlangen. / C/EBPα and C/EBPβ regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in multiple cell types. Moreover, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are known to play oncogenic roles in acute myeloid leukemia and anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs). In this study C/EBPα is screened for novel posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as arginine methylation and citrullination, as well as lysine methylation and acetylation by using mass spectrometry. A in this survey identified C/EBPα site of arginine citrullination and the C/EBPα lysine sumoylation are scrutinized for their impact on C/EBPα protein interaction network. A new high-throughput method named Protein Interaction Screen on peptide Matrices (PrISMa) is introduced in this study. This method was developed to determine the C/EBPβ protein interaction network in a PTM dependent manner. The PrISMa survey is based on a peptide membrane spotted with C/EBPβ peptides. Many of these C/EBPβ peptide sequences contain amino acid sequences comprising arginine and lysine methylation, lysine acetylation, arginine citrullination and serine, tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation. By means of PrISMa the C/EBPβ interplay with histone acetyltransferases, the mediator complex, proteins of the nucleoplasmic transport and RNA processing proteins is verified and specified by mapping these interactions to C/EBPβ amino acid sequences. Furthermore, PrISMa provides a map of C/EBPβ protein interaction patterns for a great number of the up to date published C/EBPβ protein interaction partners. C/EBPβ is highly expressed in ALCL cell lines and is essential for the cell proliferation of this type of cancer. In this study the C/EBPβ protein-protein interaction pattern in an ALCL cell line is unraveled providing valuable insight into the protein interaction network of C/EBPβ as an oncogene.

Este trabalho investiga os pressupostos e fundamentos da Teoria das Cores de Goethe (Farbenlehre) como parte dos seus empenhos enquanto cientista da natureza. Apresenta a tradução de um texto seu sobre o método científico (Kautelen des Beobachters) e de um segundo texto sobre experimentos prismáticos (Beitrag zur Optik), no qual ele lança as bases do seu trabalho de mais de 30 anos sobre as cores. Estes textos, até então inexistentes em português, fornecem os subsídios para um entendimento mais amplo da Farbenlehre. E a pesquisa como um todo se orienta no sentido de contribuir para um resgate da fenomenologia goetheana para o ambiente cultural da atualidade. / This work investigates the principles and bases of Goethe\'s Theory of Colours (Farbenlehre\") as part of his studies as a Natures scientist. A translation of Goethe\'s essay on scientific methods (\"Kautelen des Beobachters\") and another on prismatic experiments (\"Beitrag zur Optik\"), where he sets the bases of his 30 years work on colours studies, are presented in this work too. The papers translated here were never before available in Portuguese, and they represent relevant subsidies for a comprehensive understanding of the \"Farbenlehre\". This research aims to contribute to the recovery of the Goethean\'s Phenomenology for the cultural enviroment of our days.