Les enjeux environnementaux contemporains nécessitent la mobilisation de l’ensemble des acteurs sociétaux. Dans ce contexte, comprendre adéquatement la participation politique citoyenne face à l’environnement est primordial. En recensant la littérature, on note que certains courants analytiques concluent à la nécessité d’élargir les concepts de participation politique et d’activisme environnemental afin de mieux considérer l’impact du mode de vie et de la sphère privée. En nous appuyant sur les points saillants de ces deux littératures, nous avançons une typologie qui différencie les gestes activistes pro-environnementaux selon leur «nouveauté» (en tant qu’objets analytiques de nature politique) et leur radicalité. Afin de valider empiriquement ce modèle et de déterminer si les nouveaux comportements activistes environnementaux sont réellement politiques, nous avons analysé les données d’un sondage réalisé auprès de 3458 Canadiens issus de la population générale et de 2653 membres de groupes environnementaux canadiens. Nous avons d’abord effectué une analyse factorielle exploratoire afin d’identifier différents types de gestes pro-environnementaux. Après avoir associé les facteurs résultant aux quadrants de notre typologie, nous avons effectué une série d’analyses de régression linéaires visant à comparer les caractéristiques des gestes conventionnellement politiques et des nouveaux comportements activistes. Les résultats tendent à confirmer la vision voulant que ces derniers aient une forte résonance politique. Il semble donc nécessaire de tenir compte du potentiel élargi de la notion de comportement politique, de façon à tirer des conclusions plus justes, tant au niveau de l’évaluation de la participation politique citoyenne que de l’engagement activiste lié aux enjeux environnementaux. / Contemporary environmental issues require the mobilization of all societal actors. In this context, it is essential to be able to adequately understand citizen political participation regarding the environment. In reviewing the literature, we note that certain analytical currents conclude that there is a need to broaden the concepts of political participation and environmental activism in order to better consider the impact of lifestyle and the private sphere. Based on the highlights of these two literatures, we propose a typology that differentiates pro-environmental activist actions according to their "novelty" (as analytical objects of a political nature) and their radicality. In order to empirically validate this model and to determine whether new environmental activist behaviours are truly political, we analyzed data from a survey of 3458 Canadians from the general population and 2653 members of Canadian environmental groups. We first conducted an exploratory factor analysis to identify different types of pro-environmental actions. After associating the resulting factors to the quadrants of our typology, we conducted a series of linear regression analyses to compare the characteristics of conventional political actions and new activist behaviours. The results tend to confirm the view that the latter have a strong political resonance. It therefore seems necessary to consider the broader potential of the notion of political behaviour in order to draw more accurate conclusions, both in terms of assessing citizen political participation and activist engagement in environmental issues.

Threat perception related to environmental issues such as air pollution may be a determinant of pro-environmental behaviors. Among the potential threats of air pollution, include the perceived impacts on the psychological, social, and economic wellbeing of a community. Because of rapid increases in population growth, urbanization, and the mountainous landscapes, the American West is extremely susceptible to the adverse impacts of air pollution. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Air Quality Perception Survey conducted in Cache County, Utah. The survey focused on the public perception of air pollution in Cache County and perceived impact on personal and community life. From a sample of 289 returned surveys, the data were examined to determine the possible link between threat perception and the decision to engage in specific pro-environmental and avoidance behaviors. The analysis found that threat perception predicted some pro-environmental and avoidance behaviors.

Consumption of everyday products is an unintentional behavior most individuals act out without thinking of it. These products can end up as litter discarded in nature. Littering is an important field to study in order to achieve a sustainable future. Littering has large consequences on the environment, animals, and humans as it contributes to pollution, biodiversity loss and unsafe environments. Municipalities in Sweden have large expenses from cleaning up wrongfully placed litter. It is illegal to litter in Sweden and despite this, many municipalities struggle with high amounts of litter. Strängnäs municipality, Sweden, have acknowledged this problem and are looking for new strategies to change the current behaviors of their residents. Residents in Strängnäs answered a questionnaire regarding their current littering behaviors, their attitudes towards the field and how communication can influence their behaviors to understand which influences are important regarding littering. The aim of this study was to understand what behaviors individuals currently have, what influences these behaviors and how Strängnäs municipality can work more with communication towards the residents. The background and theoretical approach provided and understanding of previous studies on littering, but also the importance of social norms and social environment. The theories used in this study was Social Practice Theory and Cognitive Dissonance Theory. The results from this study were that social norms influence the respondents’ behaviors; however, their current social environment did not tend to have the same influence as their upbringing. Younger residents also tended to litter more than older. The key results were that the individuals who participated in the study were very unhappy with the current situation and the work that Strängnäs municipality currently are doing regarding littering. The respondents thought the city center to be very littered and unsafe, and there was a norm not to tell others not to litter if seen. However, many of the participants did not know what strategies the municipality already used which implies that the communication from the municipality could be improved. This study highlights the importance of communication and information and how these affect individuals littering behaviors through social norms.

Le secteur du bâtiment est le premier consommateur d’énergie en France. L’émergence de bâtiments performants apporte une réponse incomplète à ce problème car les comportements des usagers doivent être considérés. Notre objectif est de circonscrire le rôle de facteurs psychosociaux et organisationnels sur l’investissement des salariés pour leur entreprise et pour l’environnement. Au travail, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCO) sont adoptés volontairement et contribuent à l’efficacité de l’entreprise. En prolongement des travaux sur les CCO, les comportements pro-environnementaux (CPE) des salariés peuvent être considérés comme des CCO dirigés vers l’environnement (CCO-E). Pour examiner leurs déterminants, nous avons réalisé six études auprès de 889 étudiants et 592 salariés, travaillant dans un bâtiment classique ou exemplaire. Nous constatons que les salariés se sentant soutenus et traités équitablement seront plus enclins à réaliser des CPE et CCO-E, ce qui incite à renforcer la justice organisationnelle. Par ailleurs, les attitudes, valeurs et habitudes environnementales modèrent les effets du contexte organisationnel sur l’implication des salariés. En outre, la motivation environnementale au travail, lorsqu’elle est autodéterminée, a un effet positif sur les CPE et CCO-E. De même, les normes sociales influencent les comportements des salariés, d’autant plus quand les entreprises présentent une politique environnementale concrète mais non saturante. Enfin, les bâtiments performants offrant un contexte de travail confortable, encouragent la réalisation de CPE et CCO-E par les salariés. À partir de nos résultats, nous proposons des recommandations pour aider les professionnels du bâtiment et les organisations à mieux prendre en compte les occupants. / The building sector is the first energy consumer in France. The emergence of efficient buildings provides an incomplete response to this problem because users’ behaviors need be considered. Our aim is to define the role of psychosocial and organizational factors on employees’ investment for their company and for the environment. At work, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are voluntarily adopted and contribute to the efficiency of the company. In continuation of the research on OCB, employees’ pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) can be viewed as OCB directed toward the environment (OCBE). In order to better understand their determinants, we conducted six studies including 889 undergraduate students and 592 employees, working in classic or exemplary buildings. We notice that employees who feel supported and fairly treated by their organization, will be more prone to adopt PEB and OCBE. This result encourages reinforcing organizational justice. Otherwise, environmental attitudes, values and habits moderate the effects of contextual factors on employees’ pro-environmental implication. In addition, self-determined environmental motivation at work has a positive effect on PEB and OCBE. Similarly, social norms have a positive influence on employees’ behaviors, especially when companies make a concrete but not overwhelming environmental policy. Finally, efficient buildings providing a comfortable working environment encourage employees to adopt PEB and OCBE. Based on our results, we propose recommendations to help building professionals and organizations to take better into account the occupants.

Holiday air travel behaviors are nowadays a significant issue in relation to climate change and sustainable tourism. Indeed, transportation, and especially air transportation, have a significant role in climate change. Hence, it is important that the tourism industry includes the transportation sector when developing solutions for sustainable tourism. As students are the future main target group of this industry, it is important to understand the reasons behind their choices. Until now, travel behaviors have been explained using single and specific theories, which did not include many factors explaining holiday air travel decisions. In this study, this concern is addressed by combining two theories in relation to behavior formation - the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory - in order to understand all motivations and barriers behind students’ holiday air travel behaviors. The analysis of the findings shows that many internal and external factors affect students decisions in regards to flying during holidays, including values, beliefs, social and personal norms, as well as accessibility, country of origin, price, time, distance, and social influence. However, the analysis of the results also demonstrates two gaps between attitudes and behaviors within the student community, which link to the cognitive dissonance theory: an awareness-attitude behavior gap and a contextual gap. The paper argues that while the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory can be used simultaneously in order to analyze decisions regarding holiday air transportation, they are not sufficient as these two gaps emerged. The study concludes suggesting destination developers and national governments to take into account the present factors behind students’ decisions in order to develop sustainable destinations.

Syftet med studien är att med hjälp av en internationellt tillämpad enkät och med utgångspunkt i studenters attityder till klimatförändringar (vid Örebro universitet) undersöka deras klimatoro, inställning till regeringens klimatåtgärder, miljömedvetna handlingar, samt inställning till ekosociala interventioner. Det empiriska material som studien bygger på samlades in genom en webbenkät som undersökte respondenternas tankar och känslor i relation till klimatförändringarna, samt deras inställning till vissa miljömedvetna handlingar och ekosociala interventioner. Den insamlade empirin analyserades sedan mot bakgrund av teorierna kognitiv dissonans, Environmental Locus of Control (ELOC) och grönt socialt arbete. Studiens resultat indikerar en låg grad av kognitiv dissonans bland studenternas tankar och beteenden kopplat till klimatförändringar då majoriteten agerar i enlighet med sina tankar och känslor. Vidare visade det sig att andelen personer med hög grad av miljövänliga beteenden var störst bland de som upplevde hög grad av klimatoro, upplevde intern ELOC och påverkades i hög grad negativt av regeringens klimatåtgärder. Dessutom visade det sig att majoriteten av respondenterna hade en positiv inställning till ekosociala interventioner. / The purpose of the study is to use an internationally applied questionnaire to investigate students' attitudes towards climate change (at Örebro University), their eco-anxiety, attitudes towards government climate action, pro-environmental behaviors, and attitudes towards ecosocial interventions. The empirical material on which the study is based was collected through an online survey that examined the respondents' thoughts and feelings in relation to climate change, as well as their attitudes towards certain environmentally conscious actions and eco-social interventions. The collected empirical data was then analyzed in light of the theories of cognitive dissonance, Environmental Locus of Control (ELOC) and green social work. The study results indicate a low degree of cognitive dissonance among students' thoughts and behaviors related to climate change as the majority act in accordance with their thoughts and feelings. Furthermore, it was found that the proportion of individuals with high levels of pro-environmental behaviors was greatest among those who experienced high levels of climate anxiety, experienced internal ELOC, and were highly negatively affected by government climate action. Moreover, the majority of respondents were found to have a positive attitude towards ecosocial interventions.

No description available.