This master’s thesis is focused on optimizing logistics processes of a business in order to reduce overall costs. Thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes logistics trends, cost, technology, logistics and logistics information technology. The practical part is performed analysis of business processes. Finally, as the point is to assess the situation and suggestions for improvement.

Lean, Six sigma y TOC son metodologías enfocadas en la mejora continua que han sido aplicadas en diversos sectores y empresas por separado. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre la importancia y la potencia que podría tener la sinergia de estas tres herramientas en la mejora del rendimiento y productividad en los entornos donde se apliquen. Es por eso que en este artículo se presenta un modelo donde se combinan estas tres metodologías, teniendo como base los 5 pasos de TOC y en cada fase se implementan las herramientas de Lean que ayudan a identificar el flujo de valor y eliminar actividades, tiempos improductivos y desperdicios. También se utilizan herramientas de Six sigma para calcular el CPK, controlar la variabilidad del proceso crítico y definir el nivel sigma del entorno en estudio. Usando el modelo 6TOC se logra reducir los tiempos y costos de producción, lo que permite un incremento del 6% en la productividad y elevar el nivel sigma en 4 de las Pymes que fabrican muebles de madera en el Perú. Con esto, se puede afirmar que 6TOC es una herramienta potente que se adapta el sector de muebles de madera para conseguir una mejora continua. / Lean, Six Sigma and TOC are methodologies that focus on continuous improvement and have been applied in different industries separately. However, there are a few studies that show the great influence of these three tools synergizing to improve performance and productivity in the environments where these are applied. This paper presents an empirical model denominated 6TOCwhere the three methodologies are combined. The model is based on the five steps of TOC using Lean and Six Sigma tools to identify the value flow in the processes, eliminate unprofitable activities and control variability in the critical process. Using these, it is possible to reduce production times and costs, allowing a 6% increase in productivity and raise the sigma level in 4 of the SMEs that produce wooden furniture in Peru. We conclude that 6TOC is a mighty tool adapted to the wooden furniture sector to achieve continuous improvement. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

En Perú, el sector chirimoyo ha presentado un crecimiento destacable en su producción en los últimos años; sin embargo, el rendimiento de toneladas producidas por hectárea encontrado en nuestro país es muy inferior al de otros. En el presente estudio, se analizó el sector mencionado en dos distritos que presentan un mayor porcentaje de participación en la producción nacional, se encontraron características en las formas de trabajo de los agricultores que generan bajas productividades en su operación; es decir, se encontró un problema de productividad en el sector. Así mismo, se identificaron factores que influyen en este a través de procesos relacionados a una gestión de calidad, planeamiento de operaciones, y gestión logística. En el presente trabajo de investigación, se abordaron los subprocesos asociados a la gestión logística a través de la aplicación de herramientas de gestión por procesos para caracterizar una propuesta de gestión en función a un modelo establecido y que permita mejorar la productividad del sector en los distritos seleccionados. Finalmente, la propuesta fue validada por expertos en temas relacionados y usuarios del sector obteniendo resultados favorables al modelo propuesto, aunque con oportunidades de mejora. / In Peru, the custard apple sector has shown a remarkable growth in its production in the recent years; however, the yield of tons produced per hectare found in the country is much lower than in others. In the present study, the aforementioned sector was studied in two of the districts that have the higher percentage of participation in national production, characteristics were found in the ways of work of the farmers that generate low productivity in their operation; that is, a productivity problem was found on it. Likewise, factors that influence this sector were identified through processes related to quality management, operations planning, and logistics management. In this research work, the sub-processes associated with logistics management were addressed through the application of business process management tools to characterize a management proposal based on an established model that allows improving the productivity of the sector in the districts selected. Finally, the proposal was validated by experts in related topics and users of the sector obtaining favorable results to the proposed model, although with opportunities for improvement. / Tesis

Este trabajo presenta la situación de una empresa que se dedica a la fabricación de bolsas plásticas, la cual actualmente tiene retrasos en su producción cuya consecuencia proviene de: faltante de materias primas, productos defectuosos y reprocesados. Es por ello que, al no contar con métodos estandarizados ni herramientas en el flujo de producción, lleva consigo el retraso de los tiempos de entrega del producto al cliente, el cual fue de 41.67% entregas impuntuales en el año 2016. Mediante la aplicación de las diferentes metodologías propuestas es posible resolver las diferentes causas, con el objetivo de reducir las entregas a destiempo. Para analizar el efecto de las metodologías propuestas en la empresa, se utilizó la técnica de simulación. De lo cual, se obtuvo una reducción del índice de productos defectuosos de 18% a 10%, índice de productos reprocesados de 7% a 3% y un aumento de la exactitud de reposición de materia prima de 65% a 90%, dando así un incremento del índice de cumplimiento de plazos entregas de 58% a 95%. Asimismo, con la finalidad de determinar si el proyecto es viable y rentable, se realizó un estudio financiero considerando los costos que se deben incurrir para la realización del proyecto. En este caso, el proyecto es viable de acuerdo con el análisis económico y financiero, ya que se obtiene el Valor Actual Neto de S/36,529, la Tasa Interna de Rendimiento de 31.45% y el Periodo de Retorno de la Inversión en el sexto mes de empezado el proyecto. / This thesis presents the situation of a company that is dedicated to the manufacture of plastic bags, which currently has delays in its production whose consequence comes from: missing raw materials, defective and reprocessed products. That is why, since there are no standardized methods or tools in the production flow, it entails the delay in the delivery times of the product to the customer, which was 41.67% unpunctual deliveries in 2016. Through the application of the different proposed methodologies it is possible to solve the different causes, with the aim of reducing the deliveries at the wrong time. To analyze the effect of the methodologies proposed in the company, the simulation technique was used. Of which, a reduction of the defective products index was obtained from 18% to 10%, reprocessed products index from 7% to 3% and an increase in the replacement accuracy of raw material from 65% to 90%, thus giving an increase in the delivery deadline index from 58% to 95%. Likewise, in order to determine if the project is viable and profitable, a financial study was carried out considering the costs that must be incurred to carry out the project. In this case, the project is viable according to the economic and financial analysis, since the Net Present Value of S / 36,529, the Internal Rate of Return of 31.45% and the Return on Investment Period in the sixth month are obtained the project started. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El principal problema que enfrenta un fabricante de tableros eléctricos es la alta tasa de demora en entrega de pedidos. El factor predominante que han dado lugar al retraso de la entrega de pedidos es el cuello de botella que se genera en el proceso productivo. Para resolver este problema, se desarrolló una propuesta innovadora utilizando la metodología DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analizar, Mejorar y Controlar), la cual esta orientada a la mejora de procesos utilizada por Six Sigma [1] [2]. Para respaldar este análisis, se realizará una simulación, buscando una reducción considerable del cuello de botella y, por consecuencia, el aumento de productividad, mejorando el tiempo de entrega de pedidos. Al implementar la metodología DMAIC Six Sigma, se mejorará el tiempo de entrega de pedidos a 96%, mejorando así la calidad del proceso de producción y generando beneficios económicos. / The main problem faced by a manufacturer of electrical panels is the high rate of late delivery of orders. The predominant factor that has led to the delay in order delivery is the bottleneck generated in the production process. To solve this problem, an innovative proposal was developed using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) methodology, which is oriented to the process improvement used by Six Sigma [1] [2]. To support this analysis, a simulation will be carried out, looking for a considerable reduction of the bottleneck and, consequently, the increase of productivity, improving the time of delivery of orders. By implementing the DMAIC Six Sigma methodology, the order delivery time will be improved to 96%, thus improving the quality of the production process and generating economic benefits. / Trabajo de investigación

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The department with the greatest economic dependence on the fruit is Ancash, and the Province of Casma is most important in production, as it only produces mango; however, at the productivity level, is a marked difference of 8.2 t/ha compared to the highest worldwide producer, Mexico. Taking this data into consideration, an analysis of the MSEs producing mango in Casma was conducted and problems were seen in the management of resources and processes, both at the levels of planning and control. Considering the problems of MSEs from Casma, a basic Production Planning and Control model was designed based on Process Management and agricultural best practices. The model consists of applying process management tools, such as the flow diagram, the SIPOC turtle, data sheet indicators, procedures, and formats for each sub-process, all with the aim of better understanding the proposal’s development and increasing the productivity of MSEs.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The following study proposes a production management process model based on good practices and developed with process management tools for increasing crop productivity of pecan nuts using the Ica region in the district of Pachacutec as a study area. The study covers the proposed model’s diagnosis and development. The relation between these stages is the main function of improving pecan orchard productivity. The study showed that to increase pecan productivity from 1.09 (t/ha) to 2.21 (t/ha), and to determine raw material needs, tools and/or labor, a standardized process is needed for pecan production. The study’s main contribution is the development of a production management process through which farmers can order and control production by means of indicators. Furthermore, the study proposes that the developed process of pecan production currently applied by farmers should be supported by a mathematical model simulation.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / In this study, we propose a basic quality management model that was designed based on good agricultural practices for micro-enterprises of pecan farmers in Ica el Valle, Peru. The research study was developed based on in-depth interviews with 18 farmers within the agricultural sector under study. The study focused on identifying and analyzing the current situation of farmers to design a basic quality management model that can be implemented. The results led to the identification of critical aspects for each of the activities related to the production of nuts. We thus designed a basic quality management model based previous scientific studies. This management system is composed of the following subprocesses: quality adjustment; documentation; parameters definition; monitoring and control; and continuous improvement and analysis of results.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / There is a high margin of informality in small- and medium-sized companies in the bakery sector because of their lack of focus and poor standardization of their activities. Bakery SMEs, the activities of which have not yet been standardized, usually perform activities inefficiently, unnecessarily extending production times. The current average productivity of Lima-based SMEs is 1.7, a figure that, when compared with countries in the Pacific Alliance, is low. In addition, currently no methodologies seek continuous process improvement. Therefore, a Lean Process Management model was established to reduce activities and times. As validation, a production time simulation was performed in a warehouse, increasing the productivity to 2.08, with a percentage variation of 87.39% when compared with the initial productivity.

In recent decades, the demand for a wide variety of products, lead to the requirement of having a reduced cost of manufacturing, shorter cycle times and perfect quality; forcing companies to implement different engineering techniques to have the best manufacturing system. With which it seeks to efficiently control the process, provide an optimal area of work, establish performance standards with respect to the operations that the company performs, thus generating better results in the organization to achieve higher levels of user satisfaction. In the case of the study, the main line of production in the company was analyzed, detecting that representative costs originated from reprocessing and downtime. The result of greater impact obtained was the reduction of the problems in one (60%) and (15%) respectively. In this way, it is expected that companies in the paint industry or products related to the sector can use the results obtained as a reference in their process of continuous improvement, improving the management and performance of the organization and customer satisfaction.