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Background: The following thesis explores the use of UGC pictures as part of the product presentation in the online shop of a fashion retailer. Of interest are four variables and which influence these are having on the perception of the UGC pictures through the lens of authenticity. The theoretical background and the analysis are done through a developed model based on the SOR model of Mehrabian and Russell (1974). Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to gain deeper insights about the role of authenticity on the perception of consumers towards UGC pictures which are part of the product presentation of a fashion online shop. Method: This thesis follows a qualitative study by conducting two focus group sessions with in total 15 participants, as well as semi-structured interviews with four participants of the focus group. Findings: Resulting from the findings of this thesis it could be argued, that UGC pictures would be theoretically well suited as part of the product presentation. However, not in terms of authenticity, as consumers have an existing attitude towards content from social media. Value: The findings of this thesis are providing valuable insights into the perception of UGC pictures in the context of an online shopping setting through the lens of authenticity. The presented findings are beneficial and are giving tangible advice for online shop providers to not only understand the perception of consumers to the UGC pictures but also how authenticity is influencing this perception.

The emergence of online entrepreneurship platforms made it possible for entrepreneurs to fund their innovative ideas through financial support from business angels, venture capitalists, and crowds. Nevertheless, technology product development projects are the most difficult to fund on such platforms, with the least funding success and highest unsuccessful dollar value among all categories. One major factor affecting funding success on these platforms is the extent of perceived innovativeness of the presented technology products. The extant literature evinces that product innovativeness perception is influenced not only by novelty but also meaningfulness perception and that innovativeness brings higher funding success when novel projects are also perceived to be meaningful. By drawing on the theory of resonance, this study investigates the impact of interactivity on the extent of perceived innovativeness by creating an impact on resonance, which is proposed to represent all pre-identified aspects of meaningfulness. An online experiment was conducted to empirically validate the proposed research model, and increased interactivity was found to be positively associated with perceived product innovativeness through higher resonance. Theoretically, this study proposes the resonance concept to account for the meaningfulness perception regarding innovative product ideas and demonstrates the positive effect of increased interactivity on perceived innovativeness. For practitioners, the results provide evidence for the positive impact of interactive product presentation on the increased perception of resonance and, thus, innovativeness, which evinces a higher potential for funding success in highly innovative product development projects. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The survey Distanshandeln idag 2005, made by the Swedish postal service, tells us that web shops started to pop up in the 1990´s and began competing with the catalogue sells in the end of the decade. Ten years ago, it was said that the web shops would take over the distance trade market. Today we know that did not happen. Internet shopping accounted for 4, 2 % of all distance shopping in Sweden last year. Our inquiry is guided by the observation that the catalogue is still in use and moreover, it seems to have changed very little from when we were kids. It might be that the catalogue has potentials that the Internet lacks. Hence, this study aims to identify and describe differences between mail-order catalogues and web shops in the presentation of fashion products. The theoretical frame of reference for this study consists of literature on marketing, brands, and fashion marketing by catalogue and Internet. This is primary an empirical study and the literature's function is that of inspiration and support for us in our analysis and our conclusions. The empirical material consists of a survey on the mail-order company Ellos’s spring and summer catalogue of 2009, and their web shop for the same time period. First we constructed a set of mutually exclusive criteria to apply in our analysis (e.g., colour, perspective and information). A number of standard garments were then chosen, and for each of these garments, we applied our model and performed a comparative analysis. To give the reader a better understanding of the survey's result, we included images to show specific phenomena along with our findings. The main differences between catalogues and web shops could be summarized as follows: Web shops provides immediate information about stock status and campaign prices, this cannot be done in the catalogue. The catalogues on their hand provides the customer with a lot of ideas on how to wear, and how to combine the different garments. This could easily be achieved in the web shop too, and we find it a bit surprising that it is not. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

The survey Distanshandeln idag 2005, made by the Swedish postal service, tells us that web shops started to pop up in the 1990´s and began competing with the catalogue sells in the end of the decade. Ten years ago, it was said that the web shops would take over the distance trade market. Today we know that did not happen. Internet shopping accounted for 4, 2 % of all distance shopping in Sweden last year. Our inquiry is guided by the observation that the catalogue is still in use and moreover, it seems to have changed very little from when we were kids. It might be that the catalogue has potentials that the Internet lacks. Hence, this study aims to identify and describe differences between mail-order catalogues and web shops in the presentation of fashion products. The theoretical frame of reference for this study consists of literature on marketing, brands, and fashion marketing by catalogue and Internet. This is primary an empirical study and the literature's function is that of inspiration and support for us in our analysis and our conclusions. The empirical material consists of a survey on the mail-order company Ellos’s spring and summer catalogue of 2009, and their web shop for the same time period. First we constructed a set of mutually exclusive criteria to apply in our analysis (e.g., colour, perspective and information). A number of standard garments were then chosen, and for each of these garments, we applied our model and performed a comparative analysis. To give the reader a better understanding of the survey's result, we included images to show specific phenomena along with our findings. The main differences between catalogues and web shops could be summarized as follows: Web shops provides immediate information about stock status and campaign prices, this cannot be done in the catalogue. The catalogues on their hand provides the customer with a lot of ideas on how to wear, and how to combine the different garments. This could easily be achieved in the web shop too, and we find it a bit surprising that it is not. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

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Es stellt einen bedeutsamen Marktvorteil für ein Unternehmen dar, abschätzen zu können, welche Produktidee auf dem Markt erfolgreich sein könnte und welche scheitern wird. Auf Basis psychologischer Erkenntnisse aus verschiedenen Forschungsfeldern kann die Marktforschung für Innovationen bereits in frühen Entwicklungsstadien wichtige Hinweise auf das Erfolgspotential eines neuen Produktes geben. Diese Arbeit beleuchtet zwei Aspekte der psychologischen Marktforschung für Innovationen genauer: Wie groß sind Bewertungsunterschiede zwischen Personen, die sich in gewissen Personeneigenschaften unterscheiden und welchen Einfluss hat die Präsentation einer Innovation auf die anschließende Bewertung? Zwei Studien wurden durchgeführt, um diese Fragen zu adressieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen kaum Einfluss der Personeneigenschaften auf die Innovationsbewertung. Bezüglich der unterschiedlichen Präsentationsart ergeben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Bild- und Videopräsentationen. Wird die Innovation jedoch real erlebt, wird sie signifikant passender, besser bedienbar und begeisternder wahrgenommen. Die Implikationen für weitere Forschung und für die Praxis der Marktforschung werden diskutiert. / Early knowledge on what may and what may not be market success in the future is a key success factor for any company. Taking into account findings from different fields of psychology, market research in early development stages can provide important insights on the potential of a new product. Two aspects of psychological market research for innovations are studied in depth: To what extent do people with different personal attributes differ in their evaluation of an innovation? What are the effects of different presentation formats like pictures and videos when an innovation is evaluated? Two studies are conducted to attend to these questions. The results show little evidence that personal attributes influence the innovation evaluation. With regard to presentation format, only small evaluation differences are found between picture and video presentations. However, when the product is actually experienced, it is perceived to be more compatible, easier to use, and more exciting. Options for further research and practical implications are discussed.

Online shopping is growing and its turnover increases each year. Internet hastherefore become an important retail location for companies. Web shops lack thephysical room for marketing as well as face-to-face interaction between customer andsalesperson. Therefore there is a need to develop marketing and customercommunication methods for this way of shopping. In physical shops the customer hasthe ability to try on the garments and be pampered by the staff. All in all, the wholevisit can be seen as an experience. For the fashion web shops, this is not possible andhence, they have to find other ways.Our purpose with this study is to describe how web shops replace the physical roomfor communication. We will do that by identify and describe the different functionsoffered to the fashion web shops' customers. Further we aim to find out whichfunctions can be regarded as standard, and which are extra and hence could be seen ascompetitive advantages. Based on these descriptions we will be able to present anormative model for best practice for the fashion web shop industry.Our literature review begins with a general introduction to marketing, marketcommunication and how Internet has affected these two areas. This is followed by amore focused review on the literature of web shops and the various functions relatedto them, for example product presentation and different kinds of services. Theprimary aim of our literature review was to formulate our research questions but it hasalso provided us with concepts and models for the structuring of our findings.We started our study by mapping the field of web shops by making observations onthe Internet. Then we divided our material in categories so that we could limit ourfurther part of the study. We chose H&M, Nelly and Acne as study cases for our indepthstudy, and we chose another seven web shops for comparisons. The functionsthat were observed more thorough were product presentation, purchase related andrelation oriented functions. Our empirical material was then analysed according toKotler’s levels of product. By doing this we also present the normative model for bestpractice.We have found that web shops use several different methods to replace the physicalfunctions. Both virtual dressing rooms and video clips of catwalks will probably be apart of best practice in the future. The loss of the physical functions makes it difficultII Ifor web shops to fully compete with physical shops. There are however severalbenefits of web shops that customers can’t get from a physical shop, for example thelarge range of products, and the 24-hours availability. In conclusion, physical andvirtual shops convey different kinds of experiences for the customer. Web shops canbe a complement to physical shops, but they will probably not be able to fully replacethem.This Bachelor thesis will follow in Swedish. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

År 2014, var kläder och skor två av de varukategorier som resulterade i flest transaktioner online, i Sverige. Till följd av att e-handeln växer, behöver företag inom modeindustrin utveckla sin visual merchandising online, så att den är lika effektiv som i fysiska butiker. De amerikanska forskarna Ha, Kwon och Lennon (2007) utvecklade i en studie en taxonomi där de undersökte visual merchandsing-element på den koreanska och amerikanska e-handelsmarknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att testa den taxonomi som Ha et al. (2007) utvecklade, på e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden. Resultatet jämförs med den tidigare studien av Ha et al. (2007), följaktligen e-handelssidor på den koreanska och amerikanska marknaden. Detta utförs genom att undersöka om de visual merchandsing-element som Ha et al. (2007) identifierade återfinns på e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden, samt om det finns nya visual merchandising-element som kan identifieras på e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden. Som metod användes en innehållsanalys där online visual merchandsing-teman studerades på 50 e-handelssidor riktade mot den svenska marknaden. De teman, med underliggande element, som analyserades var navigering, e-handelsmiljön och produktpresentation. Utöver dessa teman lades ytterligare ett tema till, från en studie gjord av Park och Stoel (2002); information. Flertalet andra element observerades som inte fanns med i den tidigare taxonomin av Ha et al. (2007) och dessa adderades till studien. Resultatet visade att vissa av elementen inom online visual merchandsing på den svenska marknaden skiljde sig från de resultat Ha et al. (2007) presenterade i sin studie / In 2014, apparel and shoes was two of the product categories that resulted in most transactions online in Sweden. As a result of the growing interest in e-commerce, companies in the fashion industry needs to develop visual merchandising strategies that can function just as well online as the ones in physical stores. In a study made by the American researchers Ha, Kwon and Lennon (2007), a taxonomy was developed in order to examine visual merchandising elements of apparel retail websites in Korea and The US. The purpose of this study is to test the taxonomy created by Ha et al. (2007) on websites targeted at the Swedish market This will be done by addressing the questions at issue; to examine if the visual merchandising elements that Ha et al. (2007) identified can be found on the web sites in this study and to examine whether there are new elements to identify on the web sites targeted at the Swedish market. A content analysis was used to examine online visual merchandising-themes on 50 Swedish e-commerce sites. The themes analysed, with underlying elements, was environment, manner of presentation, path finding. In addition to these themes another one was added from a study made by Park and Stoel (2002), information. During the analysis several elements that was not included in the previous studies was discovered. These were also added to the taxonomy developed in this study. The findings of the study showed that some of the online visual merchandsing-elements differed on the Swedish market compared to previous studies. Also as mentioned, the taxonomy was further developed. This thesis will henceforth be written in Swedish.

Detta projekt har producerats i samarbete med Abu Garcia i Svängsta, Blekinge. Vårat projekt är en interaktiv produkt presentation gjord i flash med inslag av 3d, video och ljud. Våran tanke är att användaren ska kunna se hur en Ambassadeur Record fiskerulle ser ut både på insidan och utsidan, hur den fungerar och vad som gör den så unik. Det finns också video filmer som beskriver tillverknings processen, och hur man som förstagångs användare använder en Ambassadeur rulle. Design och bakgrundsljud är anpassad så att den ska väcka en känsla av fiske och fridfull utomhus miljö. / This project has been produced in cooperation with Abu Garcia in Svängsta, Blekinge. Our project is an interactive presentation of a product made in Flash with 3D, video and sound. The idea is to show the user what an Ambassadeur Record looks like both on the inside and the outside, how it works and what makes it unique. / Carl-Johan Nilsson, cjni03@student.bth.se Conny Högkvist, coho03@student.bth.se Kristoffer Edvardsson, kred03@student.bth.se Tobias Nilsson, tona03@student.bth.se