[pt] Este trabalho é um estudo sobre o espaço arquitetônico intervencionado por instalações artísticas e seus efeitos na relação espectador-habitante e espaço. Baseada na noção fenomenológica de percepção, que se constrói a partir da experiência sensorial com o meio, a pesquisa se desenvolve baseando-se na ideia de que o espaço intervencionado propõe ao público espectador um deslocamento na percepção de uma arquitetura preexistente, gerando, assim, novas possibilidades de interação entre corpo – do espectador – e espaço arquitetônico. A relação estabelecida entre público e espaço-obra de arte provoca a eventualidade de que impressões – processos internos de sentimentos reativos a estímulos espaciais – e expressões – reações físicas externalizadas – sejam estruturadas de forma subjetiva em cada corpo. Analisando as instalações artísticas do coletivo Penique Productions, a pesquisa objetiva refletir sobre a experiência sensorial espacial, delimitada num tempo-espaço, a partir de uma arquitetura modificada por uma interferência artística efêmera, analisando duas de suas obras. O método qualitativo de análise é desenvolvido mobilizando autores como Juhani Pallasmaa, Merleau-Ponty, Norberg-Schulz, António Damásio e Hal Foster, discutindo os conceitos de espaço, lugar, memória e imaginação, matéria, tatilidade e tempo. Será realizado o levantamento de informações sobre as obras de Penique Productions, investigando os elementos compositores do espaço com suas intervenções, as reações dos espectadores a tais estímulos, intencionalidade dos artistas, além de entrevista com o Sergi Arbusà, fundador do coletivo. / [en] The present work is a study space about artistic installations and its study space, intervening on the visualizerbit and its effects on the study relationship on the visualizer. Based on the phenomenological notion of perception, which is built from the sensorial experience with the environment, the research is developed based on the proposal that the intervention space to the public is a shift in the perception of a preexisting architecture, thus generating new possibilities. of interaction between body – of the viewer – space and animated interaction. The relationship established between the public and the artwork of space eventuality – causes internal processes of feelings reactive to spatial stimuli – and expressions – externalized physical reactions – to be structured in a subjective way in each. Analyzing as artistic installations by the collective Penique Productions, a research aims to reflect on a sensorial experience, delimited in a space-time space, from an architecture modified by an ephemeral artistic interference, analyzing two of his works. The qualitative method of place is developed by mobilizing authors such as Juhani Pallasmaa, Merleau-Ponty, Norberg-Schulz, António Damásio and Hal Foster, discussing the concepts of space, memory and imagination, matter, tactility and time. A survey of information about the works of Penique Productions was carried out, investigating the compositional elements of the space with their interventions, such as spectators reactions to such stimuli, intentional dos, in addition to an interview with Sergi Arbusà, founder of the collective.

La conversion au christianisme des îles Britanniques et de l’Irlande est un sujet qui a donné lieu à de nombreux écrits, principalement historiques ou archéologiques, mais peu mentionnent l’utilisation des productions visuelles dans cette progressive christianisation. Pourtant, les images produites par les humains ne sont pas dépourvues d’agentivité, elles agissent dans la société à travers laquelle elles évoluent. Si ces images servaient à éduquer sur l’histoire biblique et les concepts chrétiens, elles étaient aussi des représentations du monde et de la société, et pouvaient donc avoir des effets bien plus importants de par la perception qu’en avaient les spectateurs. Il parait donc essentiel d’étudier comment ces productions, en tant qu’agents sociaux, ont pu influencer les mentalités et les pratiques durant le processus de christianisation. Une approche anthropologique sera de vigueur, puisque les productions matérielles étudiées sont le produit de systèmes culturels différents qui, même passés, ne devraient pas être étudiés selon une idée ‘continue’ de la culture. L’arrivée des missionnaires en Irlande et dans les îles Britanniques a apporté de nouvelles pratiques et traditions visuelles, comme le culte des reliques et les icônes, qui ont contribué à affirmer l’autorité de l’Église sur ces territoires. Pour autant, les missions n’auraient pas pu avoir le même impact sans le soutien des aristocraties locales. Pour promouvoir ce soutien, l'iconographie et les thèmes chrétiens ont été intégrés et traduits dans la culture visuelle existante, comme les broches, qui sont devenues des objets actifs dans la diffusion du christianisme. Parallèlement, les sculptures appuyaient cette utilisation des broches et éduquaient les populations en affirmant l’autorité ecclésiale dans le paysage. Dans ce contexte, l’utilisation d’un langage adaptatif à travers ces productions était essentielle pour affecter l’audience, puisqu’elle permettait de familiariser celle-ci à la doctrine chrétienne et, plus largement, de changer l’imaginaire collectif. / The Christian conversion of the British Isles and Ireland is a subject that has generated numerous studies, mainly historical or archaeological, but few mention the role of visual culture in the progressive Christianization of the local population. Yet, images produced by humans are not devoid of agency, they act in the society through which they evolve. If these images served to educate about biblical history and Christian concepts, they were also representations of the world and society in which they were made, and thus could have far more significant impacts upon viewer perception. Thus, it is essential to study how these objects, as social agents, influenced mentalities and practices during the process of Christianization. An anthropological approach will be used, because the material productions under study are the product of different cultural systems which, even if ancient, should not be studied according to a “continuous” idea of culture. The arrival of missionaries in Ireland and the British Isles brought new practices and visual traditions, such as the cult of relics and icons, which helped to affirm the authority of the Church in these territories. These missions, however, could not have had the same impact without the support of the local aristocracy. To promote this support, Christian iconography and themes were integrated and translated into existing visual culture, such as brooches, and became active objects in Christian diffusion. Monumental sculptures were also deployed to work in concert with the brooches to educate people and to assert ecclesial authority within the landscape. In this context, the use of an adaptive language through these productions was essential to affect the audience, because it allowed the local population to become familiar with Christian doctrine and, more broadly, to transform the local collective imagination.

A just-in-time supply pickup and delivery system (JSS) manages the logistic operations between a manufacturing plant and its suppliers by controlling the sequence, timing, and frequency of container pickups and parts deliveries, thereby coordinating internal conveyance, external conveyance, and the operation of cross-docking facilities. The system is important to just-in-time production lines that maintain small inventories. This research studies the logistics, supply chain, and production control of JSS. First, a new meta-heuristics approach (taboo search) is developed to solve a general frequency routing (GFR) problem that has been formulated in this dissertation with five types of constraints: flow, space, load, time, and heijunka. Also, a formulation for cross-dock routing (CDR) has been created and solved. Second, seven issues concerning the structure of JSS systems that employ the previously studied common frequency routing (CFR) problem (Chuah and Yingling, in press) are explored to understand their impacts on operational costs of the system. Finally, a discreteevent simulation model is developed to study JSS by looking at different types of variations in demand and studying their impacts on the stability of inventory levels in the system. The results show that GFR routes at high frequencies do not have common frequencies in the solution. There are some common frequencies at medium frequencies and none at low frequency, where effectively the problem is simply a vehicle routing problem (VRP) with time windows. CDR is an extension of VRP-type problems that can be solved quickly with meta-heuristic approaches. GFR, CDR, and CFR are practical routing strategies for JSS with taboo search or other types of meta-heuristics as solvers. By comparing GFR and CFR solutions to the same problems, it is shown that the impacts of CFR restrictions on cost are minimal and in many cases so small as to make simplier CFR routes desirable. The studies of JSS structural features on the operating costs of JSS systems under the assumption of CFR routes yielded interesting results. First, when suppliers are clustered, the routes become more efficient at mid-level, but not high or low, frequencies. Second, the cost increases with the number of suppliers. Third, negotiating broad time windows with suppliers is important for cost control in JSS systems. Fourth, an increase or decrease in production volumes uniformly shifts the solutions cost versus frequency curve. Fifth, increased vehicle capacity is important in reducing costs at low and medium frequencies but far less important at high frequencies. Lastly, load distributions among the suppliers are not important determinants of transportation costs as long as the average loads remain the same. Finally, a one-supplier, one-part-source simulation model shows that the systems inventory level tends to be sticky to the reordering level. JSS is very stable, but it requires reliable transportation to perform well. The impact to changes in kanban levels (e.g., as might occur between route planning intervals when production rates are adjusted) is relatively long term with dynamic after-effects on inventory levels that take a long time to dissapate. A gradual change in kanban levels may be introduced, prior to the changeover, to counter this effect.

The purpose of the investigation was to compare mean voice onset time in young and old male subjects, as well as to examine variability of VOT productions with age for prevocalic bilabial, alveolar, and velar voiced and voiceless stop consonants. Forty-five Caucasion.males were divided equally into three.age groups. Ten tokens of six stimulus words were recorded and wide band spectrograms were made. Results of an analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in VOT with age when averages of the phonemes were used for analysis; however, a significant interaction between age and voiced phonemes was found when individual trials of phoneme productions were used for analysis.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de aflatoxina e fumonisina no sistema de produção de frango de corte e o impacto destas micotoxinas nos índices produtivos em uma empresa integradora localizada no Estado de São Paulo. Adicionalmente, foram identificados os principais fatores para a produção de micotoxinas em rações e a ocorrência de resíduos de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas em tecidos comestíveis de frango (músculo peitoral, fígado e moela). Foram realizadas as contagens de fungos e leveduras totais, de fungos dos gêneros Aspergillus ssp. e Fusarium ssp. e quantificação de aflatoxina e fumonisina nas principais matérias-primas da ração (milho e farelo de soja), na ração de abate e na cama de frango. O isolamento de fungos nas amostras de milho, farelo de soja e ração foi realizado em ágar DG18, enquanto que, para as amostras de cama de frango, utilizou-se o ágar PDA. Para a extração de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas, foram utilizadas colunas de imunoafinidade (Neogen®) e colunas SAX de troca iônica, respectivamente. A quantificação das aflatoxinas e fumonisinas foi realizada através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). O milho foi o alimento onde foi observada a maior frequência de Aspergillus ssp. e Fusarium ssp., e também maior positividade para aflatoxinas e fumonisinas, sendo que uma das amostras ultrapassou o limite de aflatoxinas recomendado pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). As quantidades de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas encontradas na ração não influenciaram significativamente os índices produtivos. Não foram encontrados níveis detectáveis de resíduos de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas nos tecidos analisados. Embora não tenham sido observadas lesões macroscópicas no fígado e bursa das aves, foram constatadas alterações histopatológicas nessas vísceras, as quais são compatíveis com lesões causadas pela ingestão de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas. / The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of aflatoxin and fumonisin in poultry feed and their influence on poultry productivity at company located in São Paulo State. Supplementary, were identified the main factors that cause mycotoxin production in poultry feed and determine the occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins residues in edible parts of poultry (breast, liver and gizzard). The total mold and yeast counting of Aspergillus ssp. and Fusarium ssp. genus and quantification of aflatoxin and fumonisin were determined in the main feed ingredients (corn and soybean meal), in finishing diets and bedding. The fungi from corn, soybean meal and feed were isolated in DG18 agar, whereas, the fungi from bedding was used PDA agar. Aflatoxins and fumonisins, were extracted using an immunoaffinity column (Neogen®) and a SAX column, respectively. Aflatoxins and fumonisins were quantified by high performance liquid chromatografy (HPLC). The corn showed the highest frequency of Aspergillus ssp. and Fusarium ssp. and also the highest positivity for aflatoxins and fumonisins, there was one corn sample that exceeded the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. The levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins in the feed did not significantly influence productivity. There were not detectable levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins on analysed tissues. Although macroscopic lesions were not observed in liver and bursa, histopathological changes were observed in these organs, which are consistent with injuries caused by the aflatoxin and fumonisin consumption.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar o Movimento de Arte Contemporânea de Moçambique, MUVART, no período compreendido entre 2004 e 2010, especificamente em sua cidade capital Maputo. Este título foi dado a um grupo formado em sua maioria por jovens artistas moçambicanos e seus fundadores foram Anésia Manjate, Carmem Muianga, Gemuce, Jorge Dias, Ivan Serra, Marcos Muthewuye, Mudaulane, Lourenço Cossa, Vânia Lemos, Quentin Lambert e Xavier MBeve. Inicialmente, situamos a arte africana e a arte africana contemporânea, tendo em vista a construção de um cenário de apreciação da arte em Moçambique. Os marcos escolhidos foram os séculos XVII e o século XVIII. Com base no Movimento de Arte Contemporânea de Moçambique, MUVART, revela-se o contexto histórico das relações entre a arte tradicional e a arte contemporânea moçambicana. A presença de quatro grupos étnicos fixados no território e de três artistas da geração anterior à analisada na presente pesquisa possibilita a introdução ao tema.Atenção especial é dada a uma atividade desenvolvida pelo grupo, a Bienal Expo- Arte Contemporânea, pontuada nas edições de 2004, 2006, 2008 e 2010. Amplia-se o debate com a interlocução de outros artistas convidados na referida exposição que, embora não fazendo parte do grupo original, dialogam com as linguagens contemporâneas. Recupera-se a história individual de cada artista e a história do grupo, sugerindo leituras do cenário da arte contemporânea em Moçambique, suas definições e a projeção na produção estética dos próprios artistas, a compreensão e a apreciação do público especializado. A terceira parte consiste na apresentação dos artistas fundadores do Movimento de Arte Contemporânea de Moçambique, MUVART, com ênfase nos trabalhos inseridos na Bienal Expo-Arte Contemporânea. Torna-se imprescindível atrelar à narrativa momentos históricos de suma importância para Moçambique que irão influenciar a arte moçambicana, considerando que a arte moçambicana começa a ganhar autoria paulatinamente, na concepção moderna de obra e autor, uma vez que na arte tradicional esta noção está imersa no seio da comunidade.Todavia,ideologicamente, esta produção autoral é intrinsecamente identificada com os ideais colonizadores, ou seja, deixa de ser exclusivamente uma produção conectada a um grupo específico para refletir os desejos externos a estas comunidades. A implicação destes movimentos irá desaguar na etapa posterior denominada pós-revolução, influenciando, no nosso caso específico, a sociedade moçambicana e consequentemente o percurso da geração seguinte, jovens artistas que já nasceram sob os auspícios da paz e que trazem como lastro esta história a ser contada e recontada. / The present work has the purpose to introduce Contemporary Art Movement of Mozambique, MUVART, between the period of 2004 and 2010, specifically in its capital city of Maputo. This title was given to a group mostly formed by young artists of Mozambique and its founders were Anésia Manjate, Carmem Muianga, Gemuce,Jorge Dias, Ivan Serra, Marcos Muthewuye, Mudaulane, Lourenço Cossa, Vânia Lemos, Quentin Lambert e Xavier MBeve. At first, the African art and the contemporary art are placed, bearing in mind a scenery, constructed of art appreciation in Mozambique.Landmarks of the seventeenth and the eighteenth century were chosen. Based on Contemporary Art Movement, MUVART, the historical context between the traditional art and the Mozambicans contemporary art,is revealed. The presence of four ethnical groups in the territory and three artists from previous generation being analyzed in the present research, made possible the introduction to this subject. Special attention is given to the groups developed activity, the Biennial Contemporary Expo-Art, scored in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 editions. The discussion increases when other invited artists in the mentioned exposition dialogue in a contemporary manner with the original group, although they did not belong to it. Each artists individual history and the groups history are recovered, suggesting readings of the contemporary art scene in Mozambique, their definitions and the projection of the artists own aesthetics production, the comprehension and appreciation of the specialized public. The third part consists of the artists founders of the Contemporary Art Movement of Mozambiques presentation, MUVART, emphasizing the works presented in the Biennial Contemporary Expo-Art. It becomes strictly necessary to tie up historical moments of great importance to Mozambique to the narrative that will influence the Mozambican art, considering that it starts to gain gradually its authorship, in the conception of modern work and author, once the idea of traditional art is immersed within the pale of the community. Although, ideologically, this authorial sort of production is intrinsically identified with the colonizers ideals, meaning, no longer an exclusive production connected to a specific group reflecting external desires to these communities. The implication of these movements will flow into a later stage, called post-revolution, influencing, in our specific case, the Mozambican society and consequently the course of the next generation, young artists who were born under the auspices of peace, bringing as ballast this story to be told and retold.

Esta pesquisa oferece ao leitor uma impressão das produções universitárias. Considera impressão como vestígio resultante de pressão sobre um objeto, alguma marca, sinal, efeito produzido, sensação diante do que foi possível tecer sob este olhar específico, na relação linguagem e educação, o que possibilitou descolar texto de escrita pelo viés filosófico, discursivo e psicanalítico. As produções universitárias foram abstraídas a partir do conceito ontológico de trabalho, considerado filosoficamente como o momento fundante da reprodução social, espaço onde é possível pôr o novo resultante da singularidade. Este objeto está construído sob conceitos fundamentais como Reflexo (LUCKÁCS, 1981), Real (LACAN, 1964), Discurso (PÊCHEUX, 1997) e Ciência Normal (KUHN, 2007), entre outros. Essa impressão resulta da investigação que analisa se essas produções põem o novo ou o mesmo, a partir da interferência da exterioridade. Resulta dessa pesquisa que as produções universitárias estão analisadas a partir de dois conceitos criados para esta tese: o de Escrita Normal e o de Escrita Laborativa, que podem se manifestar tanto no discurso não qualificado da graduação, quanto no qualificado da pós-graduação (mestrado e doutorado). Pelo primeiro, a escrita se exime de qualquer confronto, assumindo a posição confortável de pôr o mesmo e, pelo segundo, ela exige do pesquisador o inferno necessário para construir o objeto e, em conseqüência, produzir conhecimento. / This research offers the reader an impression on university productions. Meaning by impression a resulting vestige of pressure upon an object, a mark, signal, produced effect, possible sensation weaved under this particular view, in the educational and linguistic relationship, which made it possible to detach written text by the philosophical, discursive, and psychoanalytical means. The university productions were chosen based on the ontological concept of work, philosophically considered as the founding moment of social reproduction, a space where it is possible to place the new results of singularity. This object will be constructed under fundamental concepts such as Reflex (LUCKACS, 1981), Real (LACAN, 1964) Discourse (PECHEUX, 1997), and Normal Science (KUHN, 2007), among others. This impression results from the investigation that analyzes if these productions state the new or the old, beginning with the exteriority inference. Results from this research that the university productions are analyzed by two concepts created for this thesis: The Normal Writing, and the Labor Writing, which can be manifested either in the non-qualified/graduate discourse or in the qualified/post-graduate discourse (masters and doctorate). In the first, the writing lacks any confrontation, taking the comfortable position of stating what is already known, while the latter requires from the researcher the necessary torment to attain the creation of an object, consequently producing knowledge.

Chan, Yu Kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [108]-120). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise crítica de alguns aspectos relacionados ao Ensino de Botânica na Educação Básica no Brasil, a partir dos referenciais teóricos do ensino com enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia- Sociedade (CTS). Para isso, foram investigadas a produção acadêmica relacionada ao Ensino de Botânica e o principal instrumento pedagógico utilizado pelo professor da Educação Básica – o livro didático. Como metodologia, esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como quali-quantitativa, em que um levantamento bibliográfico das produções acadêmicas brasileiras acerca do ensino-aprendizagem da botânica no período de 2012 a 2017 foi realizado na base de dados Google Acadêmico, além de ter sido feita uma análise do conteúdo de botânica em cinco volumes de livros didáticos (edições de 2013/PNLD-2015) direcionados ao Ensino Médio. Os resultados do levantamento demonstram que existe preocupação na melhoria da qualidade do Ensino da Botânica no País, embora a produção acadêmica em ensino ainda seja insuficiente e, no que se refere à CTS, está no início do processo. Além disso, contatou-se que as produções estão muito pulverizadas em diferentes meios de publicação, que nos leva a sugerir a criação de um periódico pela comunidade acadêmica para facilitar o acesso de docentes a produções nesse âmbito. Quanto aos livros didáticos analisados foi possível verificar a preocupação em adequar o conteúdo a documentos educacionais oficiais brasileiros, ocorrendo pouco do ensino com enfoque CTS, o qual apareceu fora do conteúdo principal dos livros. Sendo assim, este trabalho aponta que o ensino sob enfoque CTS é um caminho favorável à contextualização (crítica e efetiva) da botânica (principalmente na escola), pois as realidades sociais, culturais, políticas, econômicas e ambientais (locais e globais) nas quais estão submetidos os estudantes poderão ser consideradas nas propostas pedagógicas dos docentes, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da Alfabetização Científica e um ensino mais interessante e contextualizado. / The general aim of this research was to perform a critical analysis of some Botanical Teaching aspects in the elementary and high schools in Brazil by means of theoretical references of the Science-Technology-Society approach (STS). For this, the academic production related to Botanical Teaching and the main instrument used by school teachers – the textbooks, were investigated. The methodology is characterized as a quali-quantitative research, where a bibliographic survey of academic Brazilian productions about Botanical Teaching between 2012 to 2017 was performed in the Google Scholar database, as well as a botanical content analysis in five high school textbooks (2013 editions/2015-PNLD). The bibliographic survey results demonstrated that a concern in improving the quality of the Brazilian Botanical Teaching is there, although the academic production in teaching is still insufficient. And when that referrers to STS approach it is in the beginning. Moreover, it was verified that the productions are inconsistent in all of the publications, so we suggested that the academic community create a central journal for teachers to have easy access to productions in that ambit. Regarding the analyzed textbooks, it was possible to ascertain a concern in adapting their contents to official Brazilian educational documents, and there were little aspects about the STS approach, which was appearing in the main content of those textbooks. Therefore, this work agrees that the STS approach is a favorable way to contextualize (critically and effectively) for the study of Botanics (principally in school), because the social, cultural, economic and environmental realities (local and global) in which students are exposed can be considered part of the teachers’ pedagogical proposals. This would improve to the Scientific Literacy and teaching will become more interesting and contextualized.

Nesta dissertação discutiremos a produção de conhecimento através da análise de textos resultantes de pesquisas realizadas por alunos de graduação. Nossa hipótese é que estes textos apresentem indícios que permitem verificar os contornos de um modelo de investigação científica. Discutir essas características auxiliará a compreender a Pesquisa no nível de graduação. Para a análise consultamos e utilizamos autores da área da epistemologia da ciência, como Thomas Kuhn e Hugo Zemelman; da área de pedagogia como Paulo Freire e das áreas da sociologia e filosofia como Boaventura Souza Santos e Marilena Chauí. Dessa maneira pretendemos estudar quais características delineiam a Pesquisa na Graduação. Nosso corpus é constituído por Relatórios de Iniciação Científica, Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso e Artigos Publicados em Revistas por estudantes de graduação no período de 2005 a 2014, coletados por meios impressos, mídia digital, on-line. Pretendemos contribuir com este trabalho para a compreensão da prática da investigação científica na formação durante a graduação. / In this thesis we will discuss the production of knowledge through the analysis of texts which are a result of research carried out by graduate students. Our hypothesis is that these texts show evidence of monitoring the delimitations of a scientific research model. By discussing these features will help to understand the research at the undergraduate level. For the analysis we consult and use authors from the area of epistemology of science, as Thomas Kuhn and Hugo Zemelman; pedagogy as Paulo Freire and sociology and philosophy of the university as Boaventura Souza Santos and Marilena Chauí. In this way we intend to study what characteristics delineate Research on Graduation level. Our corpus consists of Undergraduate Research Reports, Course Completion Works and Papers Published in Journals by graduate students in the period 2005-2014, collected through press, digital and olie media. We intend to contribute to this work to understanding of the practice of scientific research training during graduation