Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the current conditions and it¡¦s effectiveness of educational professional teams for the physically and mentally handicapped in Kaohsiung City. The research primarily targeted parents of the students who had received services from the educational professional teams for the physically and mentally handicapped in Kaohsiung City, teachers of the students, and administrators. The tool used was ¡§Survey Questionnaire for the Educational Professional Teams for the Physically and Mentally Handicapped in Kaohsiung City,¡¨ which was written by the researcher. Administrators and therapists for the services of these professional teams were interviewed to support the survey research. The questionnaire and interview results were analyzed and synthesized with statistical techniques, and the following findings were obtained: I. At present, in implementing professional team services in Kaohsiung City, the formulation of individualized educational plans by teachers, concerned specialized personnel, and parents, supplementary instruction, team evaluations, parent participation, and teachers¡¦ understanding of auxiliary tools still have a lot to be improved. II. In promulgating related knowledge and skills of professional teams in the the future, teachers that have no background in special education should be considered the most important targets of communication and education. III. Delays in appropriating Ministry of Education subsidies and annual budget, insufficient human resources, lacking in support of school administration, and ineffective communication of concepts of team services between professional personnel and parents are among the difficulties that team administrators face. IV. Insufficient time available for therapy, failure to match between teachers and therapists, insufficient team administrative assistance, and insufficient cooperation from parents are among the common difficulties that professional personnel face at present. V. Delayed provision of therapy service, failure to provide appropriate guidance service, and inappropriate attitude of therapists were considered by the parents that were surveyed to have to be improved with regard to the service of the educational professional teams for the physically and mentally handicapped in Kaohsiung City. VI. Insufficient service in terms of times and amounts of time, failure to provide appropriate service, time-consuming and tedious application procedures, therapists unable to support the teachers, therapists unable to participate in individualized education plans, and therapists¡¦ failure to demonstrate therapy techniques were considered by the teachers to have to be improved urgently with regard to the service of the educational professional teams for the physically and mentally handicapped in Kaohsiung City. VII. On average, the surveyed parents obtained high scores on the survey scale, indicating their subjective satisfaction with the service provided by the educational professional teams for the physically and mentally handicapped in Kaohsiung City. VIII. The surveyed teachers obtained high scores on the ¡§overall scale¡¨ and four sub-scales in the survey scale: ¡§professional integration,¡¨ ¡§professional knowledge and skills,¡¨ ¡§parent participation,¡¨ and ¡§case management,¡¨ indicating good results of implementing professional teams for the physically and mentally handicapped in Kaohsiung City. According to the findings, strategies to solve problems and suggestions on ensuing research in the future are put forth. Keyword: professional team

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to provide a holistic understanding of how Facebook is used by professional team sport organizations to strengthen customer based-brand equity and how these attempts are perceived by the customers with a focus on the derived benefits. Frame of reference: Customer-based brand equity is conceptualized, modified and employed to the realm of Facebook. Moreover, a communication model is modified in order to link marketing communications in a hypermedia environment with customer-based brand equity.  Methodology: An abductive approach is chosen and a collective case study applied as research strategy. The selected cases are Manchester United and Arsenal London. Firstly, quantitative content analysis is used to analyze the Facebook pages of both cases. Secondly, eleven semi-structured interviews are conducted to understand the customer’s perception of and values associated with the respective club’s Facebook page. Conclusions: The findings of this thesis show that a firm’s usage of Facebook as a medium of communication can strengthen customer-based brand equity. While in both cases most Facebook content evolves around product related posts, it is found that the clubs communicate slightly different. Arsenal posts significantly more non-product related content involving fans than ManU. The communication tool that is most intensively used by both organizations is the link, forwarding users to the official website. The identified benefits on behalf of the interviewees embrace fan identification and peer-group acceptance as well as socializing/companionship, emotions and entertainment. Visuals have been identified as important among the sample. Customers strongly value content that evolves around non-product related posts that focus on fans, while fan integration is generally demanded in a more qualitative manner

The following research aims to examine the interaction of law, either hard law (legislation) or soft law (governing body regulation), on achieving a balance between racial equality and success in sport. Nearly all national jurisdictions have legislated to some degree in an attempt to affect equality or equality of opportunity for its citizens. This might be based on achieving equality of opportunity or by means of affirmative action. The research aim is to ascertain how far racial discrimination laws have positive or negative impacts on the success of sports in different countries. The research also has a series of supplementary objectives: to ascertain and consider critically the extent to which the law in various jurisdictions (Malaysia, South Africa, England and the United States) has been used to promote equality; to develop a sequential model to describe general trends to predict the influence of affirmative action and equal opportunity legislation upon the potential success of countries’ sporting achievements; to review tensions inherent in reconciling the equality of citizens at a national level and their impacts upon the international sporting success of that nation; to establish a correlative relationship between the types of anti-discrimination law within nations and the impact of these upon the degree of international sporting success of those nations. The research conducted concentrates primarily on qualitative methods by first adopting a doctrinal approach in a comparative legal study of four jurisdictions (Malaysia, South Africa, England and the United States). A non-doctrinal approach is then adopted and a qualitative intrinsic case study completed, including interviews concerning the subject area. Thus, the research has used multi-method qualitative approaches. The research indicated different anti-discrimination approaches taken in achieving equality. This can be typified by countries such as the United States or England based primarily on meritocracy and countries such as South Africa and Malaysia based primarily on preferential treatment. There is evidence to suggest that these approaches do have a certain correlation, albeit not similar in the outcome of achieving equality for selection. From the evidence presented, the overall study illustrates that racial discrimination laws in the four jurisdictions produced a mixed outcome in relation to the success of professional team sports. Specifically, England and the United States witnessed a positive impact in terms of achieving international success in sports even though there are inherent difficulties in reconciling the equality of citizens at a national level. For Malaysia and South Africa, the result tends to be positive in general at this stage although it is equally recognised that this approach might result in some negative impacts in the long run. The research however is subject to certain limitations which are outside the scope of this thesis, but it is recognised that these might affect the overall success of professional team sports within those countries.

This paper’s aim is to discover the impact of economical, demographic and traditional determinants on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League. Generally it is assumed by people that financially strong clubs tend to win on the pitch most of the time. Is it really true? Is it always the same wealthy teams which win in the end? Football is a type of entertainment and people would like to see games with uncertain outcomes and a balanced competitiveness between two sides. In this way they can enjoy this entertainment. In that case, how uncertain is the outcome and how balanced is the competition in UEFA Champions League? In order to answer all these questions a multiple regression analysis is built including economic, demographic and traditional variables both at club and country level. These mentioned explanatory variables are GDP per capita of the home country, population of the host city, total market value of the team’s players, capacity of the stadium, country’s participation in international tournaments, club’s age, rank of the next best team from the same country and country’s hosting an international tournament. It turned out that financially advantageous clubs which have stadiums with larger capacities and located in more populated cities have more chances of winning than the others. Then again, it is observed that countries’ football tradition and dedication does not have a significant impact on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League.

I vårdverksamhet för patienter med komplexa vårdbehov är teamarbete en vanlig arbetsform. I forskning om mångprofessionellt teamarbete i vården beskrivs fördelar med organisationsformen, samtidigt som svårigheter påtalas somden mångprofessionella sammansättningen kan medföra. Inom forskningen har man dock i liten utsträckning undersökthuruvida de patientinsatser som görs av mångprofessionella vårdteam verkligen präglas av teamens breda kompetens. Manredovisar heller någon övergripande teoretisk modell som beskriver faktorer betydelsefulla för utfallet av vårdteams arbete ibemärkelsen mångdimensionalitet. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka i vilken utsträckning patientarbetet i mångprofessionella psykiatriska teampräglas av teamets samlade kompetens, samt på vilket sätt de olika professionerna bidrar till grad av mångdimensionalitet ipatientarbetet. Ett syfte har också varit att undersökta vad som kan vara viktiga påverkansfaktorer för utnyttjandet av densamlade kompetensen i psykiatriska team. Två empiriska studier har genomförts. Den första studien syftade till att ge en bild av grad av mångdimensionalitet ipatientarbetet, samt av på vilket sätt de olika professionerna bidrar med sin kompetens. I denna studie observeradesvuxenpsykiatriska teams arbete under behandlingskonferens. Resultatet av observationsstudien visade att de studeradeteamen hade svårigheter att under hela diskussionen belysa patienterna på ett mångsidigt sätt – diskussionen dominerades avdet sociala perspektivet. Till denna dominans av det sociala perspektivet bidrog alla professionerna. Resultatet pekade ävenpå ett underutnyttjande främst av omvårdnadspersonalen men även av kuratorerna under behandlingskonferens. Vidarevisade resultatet att en mycket stor del av diskussionsutrymmet ägnades åt att beskriva patienten och en mycket liten del åtanalys- och beslutsprocessen. Till dominansen av det beskrivande momentet bidrog alla professionerna. Den andra studien syftade till att belysa vad som kan vara viktiga påverkansfaktorer för huruvida patientarbetet ipsykiatriska team får en mångdimensionell prägel. I denna studie intervjuades personal från psykiatrin, och utgångspunkt förintervjuerna var resultatet från observationsstudien. De förklaringar intervjugrupperna lämnade till det sociala perspektivetsdominans och till dominansen av det beskrivande momentet handlade om behov hos medlemmar i psykiatriska team av attkänna sig delaktiga och jämlika, samt av att relationerna i teamet skall vara konfliktfria. Ett underutnyttjande avomvårdnadspersonal samt kuratorer förklarade man med ett hierarkiskt förhållande mellan medlemmar i psykiatriska team. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att resultatet av de två studierna pekar mot att relationella aspekter av teamarbetet samt etthierarkiskt förhållande mellan professionerna kan begränsa psykiatriska teams möjlighet till att under behandlingskonferensbelysa patientärenden på ett mångsidigt sätt, samt till fullo utnyttja teamets samlade kompetens. / In the healthcare sector, multi professional teamwork is a common way to organize health care services in areas where thepatients care need is multidimensional. Described in literature are several advantages of the multi professional approach inproducing high quality care. Also shown is that problems might arise from the professional diversity of a team. Research onteamwork in health care settings shows that little is known of whether health care teams make full use of their multiprofessional competence when designing patient care. There is also no overall theoretical framework describing importantfactors influencing the possibilities of a health care teams to make full use of their competence. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how psychiatric teams make use of their multi professional competence indesigning patient care. To meet the aims of this thesis two empirical studies where conducted. The aim of the first study was to investigate to what extent patient care was designed in a multi professional way, an inwhat way the different profession contributed to a multi professional designed care. Multi professional psychiatric teamswhere observed during treatment conference. The results indicate that when discussing patient care, the observed teams to alarge extent did not view the patients in a multidimensional way. The main focus was on the social aspect of patients and thiswas something that all the professions contributed to. The result also showed that when the discussions were viewed as awhole, and during the phase of describing the patient, clinical nurses took part in the discussions to a lesser extent than didthe other professions. Results also showed that the observed teams to very a large extent used the discussions for describingthe patients in relation to analyzing causes of symptoms and deciding interventions. In the second study four group interviews where conducted to investigate what might influence the psychiatric teams'ability to use its multi professional competence when designing patient care. Participating in the interviews where physicians,social workers, clinical nurses and psychologists. To a large extent the explanations suggested for the domination of thesocial perspective concerned relational aspects of team work. The interview groups described team members´ need to feelthat they participate in the discussions and understand what is said, that all team members are considered equal and thatconflicts are avoided. The same kinds of explanations were given for the fact that the observed teams to a large extent usedthe discussions for describing the patients in relation to analyzing causes and deciding interventions. Hierarchy in psychiatricteams was the most frequently used explanation to the fact that clinical nurses took part in the discussions to a lesser extentthan did the other professions. To summarize — the results indicate that relational aspects of team work and a hierarchic situation in psychiatric teamsmight impede on the psychiatric teams’ ability to draw on its multi professional competence.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T15:26:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Margareth Novais de Andrade - 2014.pdf: 5876469 bytes, checksum: a69ab1149136af6e2230255dfc4c8498 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T15:44:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Margareth Novais de Andrade - 2014.pdf: 5876469 bytes, checksum: a69ab1149136af6e2230255dfc4c8498 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T15:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Margareth Novais de Andrade - 2014.pdf: 5876469 bytes, checksum: a69ab1149136af6e2230255dfc4c8498 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-29 / The diagnosis of congenital anomalies brings some consequences to the life of pregnant women. One of them is related to the emotional aspect. The social support connection between patient and multi-professional team reveals to be one of the fundamental strategies to reduce the incidence of aggravations to the health of the pregnant women, considering the fact that, from that, they begin to be monitored by a variety of professionals in different fields of study. Goals: Rework theoretically the most important aspects on the studies of congenital malformation and the feelings lived by those pregnant women; Embrace, from the active research of the patients taken in the Fetal Malformation Ambulatory of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, the feelings most common in the post-diagnostic of fetal deformity and characterize them social and demographically. Methods: Initially, it was developed a literature rework article. On the article, some data was used as reference, such as: Pub-Med, Wiley on Line Library, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and also publications from the period within 1984 and 2013. Later on, a documental research in the database of the Fetal Malformation Ambulatory of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, in order to gather the information needed on the location of theses taken patients by that ambulatory, was developed. A set of questions were applied to 74 patients, who carried fetuses with anomalies, seen by the ambulatory before mentioned, within the years of 2012 and 2013, the documents were, then, systematized and analyzed. From the results gathered, an article was compiled on the feelings lived by the women that carried fetuses with anomalies, as well as the characterization from the social and demographical prisms. Results: It was verified on the literature rework that the multi-professional team’s performance on the pregnancy is fundamental to reduce the suffering of these women. The pattern established of the pregnant women seen at the Fetal Malformation Ambulatory can be defined as: the majority is in the age group between 20 and 30 years old, Caucasian, and with income up to a minimum wage. The majority was also legally married, had already had another child, had been to approximately 6 antenatal care appointments and graduated from high school. The most frequent feeling was fear, followed by sadness, insecurity and doubt over the diagnosis. Conclusion: The diagnosis of fetal malformation raises the perception of the emotional suffering, which shows the relevance and the necessity of the work developed by a multi-professional team. / O diagnóstico de anomalias congênitas provoca repercussões na vida das gestantes, entre elas, seu aspecto emocional. A rede de suporte social estabelecida na relação entre paciente e equipe multiprofissional demonstra ser estratégia fundamental para reduzir a ocorrência de agravos à saúde da gestante, uma vez que esta passa a ser acompanhada por diversos profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Objetivos: revisar teoricamente os aspectos mais importantes acerca do estudo de malformações congênitas e os sentimentos vividos pelas gestantes; apreender, a partir da busca ativa das pacientes atendidas no Ambulatório de Malformação Fetal do HC da UFG, os sentimentos mais presentes no pós-diagnóstico de deformidade fetal e caracterizá-las social e demograficamente. Métodos: foi realizado inicialmente um artigo de revisão da literatura. Para este, foram pesquisados e selecionados artigos nas bases de dados Pub-Med, Wiley on Line Library, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), além de publicações entre os anos de 1984 e 2013. Em seguida foi realizada uma pesquisa documental (banco de dados físico do ambulatório de malfomação fetal do HC/UFG) para ter acesso aos dados necessários à busca ativa destas pacientes atendidas por este ambulatório. Questionários foram aplicados a 74 pacientes que gestaram fetos com anomalia atendidas no ambulatório de malformação fetal do HC/UFG durante os anos de 2012 e 2013, sistematizados e analisados. Após a coleta, redigiu-se um artigo a partir dos resultados da pesquisa acerca dos sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres que gestaram fetos com anomalias, além da caracterização social e demográfica destas gestantes. Resultados: constatou-se, na revisão de literatura, que a atuação da equipe multiprofissional na gestação é essencial na redução de sofrimento das gestantes. O perfil das gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de malformação fetal do HC pode ser sintetizado como: maioria na faixa etária entre 20 e 30 anos, autodeclaradas brancas, de renda salarial na faixa de até um salário mínimo. A maioria delas estava em união estável ou era legalmente casada; já possuía ao menos um filho; realizou até seis consultas prénatais, em sua maioria; e escolaridade, em maior proporção, de nível médio completo. O sentimento mais frequente foi medo, seguido de tristeza, insegurança e dúvida acerca do diagnóstico. Conclusão: o diagnóstico de malformação fetal apresenta a vivência de sofrimento emocional pelas gestantes demonstrando a relevância e a necessidade de seu acompanhamento por equipe multiprofissional. Palavras-chave: Malformações congênitas. Sentimentos. Equipe multiprofissional.

Este estudo objetivou conceber, aplicar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de capacitação em comunicação interpessoal em cuidados paliativos. O programa foi desenvolvido com base em referencial teórico de comunicação interpessoal em saúde, de processo de morrer e nos princípios e filosofia dos cuidados paliativos. Foi aplicado à 303 profissionais de saúde de distintas disciplinas, em 11 turmas, em 5 diferentes instituições, no período de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009. Os conhecimentos e habilidades comunicacionais dos sujeitos foram avaliados antes e imediatamente após a capacitação por meio da aplicação de um instrumento de avaliação especialmente desenvolvido para este estudo. Um ano após a intervenção educacional, 32 sujeitos que haviam completado a capacitação foram entrevistados, com o intuito de avaliar se os conhecimentos e habilidades adquiridos/aprimorados eram mantidos com o transcorrer do tempo e aplicados na prática diária destes profissionais. As variáveis qualitativas foram trabalhadas por agrupamentos por semelhança e expressas segundo sua frequência, por número e porcentagem. Para a análise das variáveis quantitativas foram utilizadas médias e medianas para resumir as informações e desvios-padrão, mínimo e máximo, para indicar a variabilidade dos dados. Para realizar a comparação entre as médias dos sujeitos de diferentes turmas foram utilizados os teste não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, assumindo-se nível de significância de 5%. Os discursos dos sujeitos foram analisados de acordo com a metodologia de análise do conteúdo. Os dados evidenciaram a superficialidade do conhecimento teórico e das habilidades comunicacionais empíricas pré-capacitação. Após a intervenção educacional houve aprimoramento de conhecimentos e habilidades comunicacionais em cinco das sete dimensões avaliadas, evidenciado pela alta significância estatística (p-valor < 0,0001) na comparação dos escores pré e pós-capacitação. As estratégias comunicacionais mais valorizadas pelos profissionais na atenção paliativista foram o toque afetivo, a afirmação verbal de solicitude, a escuta ativa e a presença mais frequente. Os conhecimentos e habilidades adquiridos/ aprimorados mantiveram-se no decorrer de um ano, à medida que do discurso dos sujeitos após este período emergiram sete categorias que evidenciaram que o aprendizado maior que a capacitação lhes proporcionou foi a prática comunicacional reflexiva. Esta prática possibilitou aos sujeitos reflexão e auto-avaliação constantes, propiciando mudanças em suas atitudes comunicacionais no âmbito paliativista. Frente ás evidências de sua eficácia recomenda-se a adoção do programa para a capacitação de profissionais de saúde em formação e já atuantes, tanto em âmbito acadêmico quanto das instituições de saúde. / The objective of this study was to design, apply, and evaluate the efficacy of a training program in interpersonal communication in palliative care. The program was developed based on a theoretical framework of interpersonal health communication, on the process of dying and on the principles and philosophy of palliative care. The program participants were 303 health professionals from different disciplines, consisting of 11 classes, from 5 institutions, and it was performed from August 2008 to July 2009. The subjects knowledge and communication skills were evaluated before and immediately after the training program using an evaluation instrument designed exclusively for this study. One year after the educational intervention, interviews were performed with 32 subjects who had completed the program, with the purpose to evaluate if the knowledge and skills they had learned/improved were maintained over time and applied in their daily practice. The qualitative variables were analyzed in groups according to their similarity and expressed according to their frequency, by number and percentage. To analyze the quantitative variables, means and medians were used to summarize the information, and standard deviations, minimum and maximum were used to indicate the variability of the data. To compare the means of subjects from different classes, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used, with a level of significance at 5%. The subjects discourses were analyzed according to the content analysis methodology. The data showed that the before participating in the program, subject had superficial theoretical knowledge and only empirical communication strategies. After the educational intervention there was improvement in their knowledge and communication skills in five of the seven evaluated dimensions, shown by the high statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001) when comparing the scores before and after the program. The communication strategies most valued by the professionals in palliative care were the affective touch, verbal encouragement of solicitude, active listening, and more frequent presence. The knowledge and skills that were learned/improved were kept after one year, as the subjects discourse after that interval made reference to seven categories that showed that the greatest improvement that the program gave them was the reflexive communicational practice. This practice made it possible for subjects to always reflect and perform self-evaluations, promoting changes in their communicational attitudes in the palliative care context. Considering the evidence of its efficacy, it is recommended that the program be used to train health professionals, those being prepared as well as those already working, in the academic environment as well as at health institutions.

Este estudo objetivou conceber, aplicar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de capacitação em comunicação interpessoal em cuidados paliativos. O programa foi desenvolvido com base em referencial teórico de comunicação interpessoal em saúde, de processo de morrer e nos princípios e filosofia dos cuidados paliativos. Foi aplicado à 303 profissionais de saúde de distintas disciplinas, em 11 turmas, em 5 diferentes instituições, no período de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009. Os conhecimentos e habilidades comunicacionais dos sujeitos foram avaliados antes e imediatamente após a capacitação por meio da aplicação de um instrumento de avaliação especialmente desenvolvido para este estudo. Um ano após a intervenção educacional, 32 sujeitos que haviam completado a capacitação foram entrevistados, com o intuito de avaliar se os conhecimentos e habilidades adquiridos/aprimorados eram mantidos com o transcorrer do tempo e aplicados na prática diária destes profissionais. As variáveis qualitativas foram trabalhadas por agrupamentos por semelhança e expressas segundo sua frequência, por número e porcentagem. Para a análise das variáveis quantitativas foram utilizadas médias e medianas para resumir as informações e desvios-padrão, mínimo e máximo, para indicar a variabilidade dos dados. Para realizar a comparação entre as médias dos sujeitos de diferentes turmas foram utilizados os teste não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, assumindo-se nível de significância de 5%. Os discursos dos sujeitos foram analisados de acordo com a metodologia de análise do conteúdo. Os dados evidenciaram a superficialidade do conhecimento teórico e das habilidades comunicacionais empíricas pré-capacitação. Após a intervenção educacional houve aprimoramento de conhecimentos e habilidades comunicacionais em cinco das sete dimensões avaliadas, evidenciado pela alta significância estatística (p-valor < 0,0001) na comparação dos escores pré e pós-capacitação. As estratégias comunicacionais mais valorizadas pelos profissionais na atenção paliativista foram o toque afetivo, a afirmação verbal de solicitude, a escuta ativa e a presença mais frequente. Os conhecimentos e habilidades adquiridos/ aprimorados mantiveram-se no decorrer de um ano, à medida que do discurso dos sujeitos após este período emergiram sete categorias que evidenciaram que o aprendizado maior que a capacitação lhes proporcionou foi a prática comunicacional reflexiva. Esta prática possibilitou aos sujeitos reflexão e auto-avaliação constantes, propiciando mudanças em suas atitudes comunicacionais no âmbito paliativista. Frente ás evidências de sua eficácia recomenda-se a adoção do programa para a capacitação de profissionais de saúde em formação e já atuantes, tanto em âmbito acadêmico quanto das instituições de saúde. / The objective of this study was to design, apply, and evaluate the efficacy of a training program in interpersonal communication in palliative care. The program was developed based on a theoretical framework of interpersonal health communication, on the process of dying and on the principles and philosophy of palliative care. The program participants were 303 health professionals from different disciplines, consisting of 11 classes, from 5 institutions, and it was performed from August 2008 to July 2009. The subjects knowledge and communication skills were evaluated before and immediately after the training program using an evaluation instrument designed exclusively for this study. One year after the educational intervention, interviews were performed with 32 subjects who had completed the program, with the purpose to evaluate if the knowledge and skills they had learned/improved were maintained over time and applied in their daily practice. The qualitative variables were analyzed in groups according to their similarity and expressed according to their frequency, by number and percentage. To analyze the quantitative variables, means and medians were used to summarize the information, and standard deviations, minimum and maximum were used to indicate the variability of the data. To compare the means of subjects from different classes, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used, with a level of significance at 5%. The subjects discourses were analyzed according to the content analysis methodology. The data showed that the before participating in the program, subject had superficial theoretical knowledge and only empirical communication strategies. After the educational intervention there was improvement in their knowledge and communication skills in five of the seven evaluated dimensions, shown by the high statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001) when comparing the scores before and after the program. The communication strategies most valued by the professionals in palliative care were the affective touch, verbal encouragement of solicitude, active listening, and more frequent presence. The knowledge and skills that were learned/improved were kept after one year, as the subjects discourse after that interval made reference to seven categories that showed that the greatest improvement that the program gave them was the reflexive communicational practice. This practice made it possible for subjects to always reflect and perform self-evaluations, promoting changes in their communicational attitudes in the palliative care context. Considering the evidence of its efficacy, it is recommended that the program be used to train health professionals, those being prepared as well as those already working, in the academic environment as well as at health institutions.

Aim: This study aimedto illuminateawareness of hygiene regimens andinfection control guidelines for cystic fibrosis (CF) care at Scandinavian cystic fibrosis centers (SCFCs)and Norwegian cystic fibrosis satellite teams (NCFSTs).Method: We modified a knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveyused earlier for CF and infection control care teams in the United States. Our modified questionnaire sought responses regarding sputum cultures, hand hygiene, education and infection control measures in hospital/at home. We distributed individual questionnaires to 8SCFCs and 10 NCFSTs. Awareness exceeding 75% per item was considered sufficient for clinical practice. Results: Respondents represented different disciplines atSCFCs with 61 (37%) and 30 (58%) at NCFSTs core team professionals (mainly doctors, nurses and physiotherapists).SCFC respondents demonstrated higher KAP (range 49-100%) than NCFST (range 23-100%). Both groups showed a high awareness of outcome expectancy for selected guideline components (80-100%), but only moderate awareness regarding familiarity. Additionally, both SCFC and NCFST respondents demonstrated greater awareness of items connected closely to practical care and medical treatment(73% and 80% versus 93% and 74% respectively). As opposed, SCFC and NCFST respondentsshowed lower awareness of guideline content(49% and 23% respectively).Conclusion: Becauseinfection control is a cornerstone in CF care, reducing the risk of cross infection among CF patients in health-and non-health caresettings requireshealth care professionals to maintain increased awareness of CF guidelines. This study revealed generally good knowledge of infection control measures. Importantly, bestcarerequires continious collaboration and educationfor health care professionals and patients regardingthe written guidelines for CF infection control. / Hensikt:Studiens hensikt var å belyse etterlevelse av regimer for hygiene og infeksjonskontroll innen cystisk fibrose (CF) omsorg ved de seks skandinaviske CF sentrene (SCFC) og ti norske CF satelitt team (NCFST). Metode:Individuelle spørreskjema ble distribuert til seks SCFC og ti NCFST. Spørreskjemaet var tilpasset fra en tidligere Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) spørreundersøkelse for helsepersonell innen CF og smittevern i USA med spørsmål angående ekspektoratprøver, håndhygiene, opplæring og tiltak for infeksjonskontroll i sykehus og hjemme. Etterlevelse &gt;75% for alle komponenter var vurdert som tilfredsstillende i klinisk praksis.Resultat: Det var 61 (37 %) respondenter fra SCFC, og 30 (58 %) fra NSCFT, hovedsakelig leger, sykepleiere og fysioterapeuter. SCFChar flere ulike profesjoner medulike erfaringer fra klinisk virksomhet, og respondentene viser et høyt KAP nivå på de fleste komponenter av undersøkelsen (100-49%). NCFST representerer kjerneteamprofesjoner, og respondentene viser moderat til høyt nivå av KAP på de fleste komponenter ved anbefalinger og undersøkelsen (100-23 %). Et nøkkelfunn var det høye nivå av forventet resultat hos begge studiegrupper for alle utvalgte komponenter av undersøkelsen (100-80%), i kontrast til et mer moderat nivå av kunnskap om anbefalingene. Tiltak med nær tilknytning til klinisk praksis og medisinsk behandling viste høyere grad av etterlevelse hos begge grupper (73 % og 80 %, 93 % og 74 %), mens kunnskap om innhold i skriftlige anbefalinger var lavere (49 % og 23 %). Konklusjon: Infeksjonskontroll er en hjørnestein i CF behandling, og betydningen av helsepersonells etterlevelse av anbefalinger for CF infeksjonskontroll er essensielt for å redusere risiko for kryssmitte mellom CF pasienter i og utenforsykehus. Studien har avdekket generelt god kunnskap om tiltak for infeksjonskontroll, men også et behov for kontinuerlig samarbeid og opplæringfor helsepersonell og pasienteri skriftlige anbefalinger for CF infeksjonskontroll. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-62-1</p>

Introduit à Taïwan durant la période japonaise (1895-1945), le baseball est associé au projet colonial japonais d'assimilation au tournant des années 1920. Il est ensuite instrumentalisé par le régime nationaliste chinois qui prend possession de l'île au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, avant de s'y réfugier en 1949, bouté hors de Chine par les forces maoïstes. Inscrit dans le programme de culture physique du Kuomintang, il devient un lieu privilégié de la mobilisation nationale pour la reconquête du continent et de la construction d'un État-nation pluriethnique. Les enfants aborigènes sont plus spécifiquement incités à participer à des compétitions de baseball scolaire où ils sont censés représenter les valeurs morales exemplaires d'une société majoritairement han. Ils résident durant toute l'année au sein de dortoirs où ils construisent prioritairement leur identité autour de leur communauté de pratique. Ce mode de vie ascétique s'impose aux joueurs professionnels qui doivent gérer le rythme effréné des saisons. Ils sont concernés par les mêmes contraintes d'exemplarité mais se heurtent à une corruption endémique qui s'inscrit au sein de leurs réseaux d'interconnaissance. Les supporters, qui construisent leur appartenance à un club au travers des valeurs qu'ils représentent, doivent composer avec les scandales récurrents qui frappent leurs vedettes. Ils les soutiennent durant le match par la mise en œuvre d'une animation bruyante et bariolée. Le baseball se trouve ainsi au centre d'enjeux locaux et nationaux. Il s'inscrit dans la globalisation comme symbole de l'existence d'une nation taïwanaise, ou chinoise. / Introduced in to Taiwan during the Japanese Period (1895-1945), baseball was associated with the Japanese colonial assimilation project at the start of the 1920s. It was subsequently exploited by the Chinese Nationalist regime which took possession of the island in the aftermath of World War II, before seeking refuge there in 1949 after being driven out of China by the Maoist forces. Incorporated into the program of physical culture of the Kuomintang, baseball has become a privileged place of national mobilization for the reconquest of the continent and the building of a multi-ethnic nation-state. Aboriginal children are particularly encouraged to participate in school baseball competitions during which they are supposed to represent the exemplary moral values of a predominantly Han society. Residing throughout the year in dormitories, their identity is constructed primarily around their community of practice. A similar ascetic lifestyle is required by professional players who must deal with the hectic pace of the seasons. Whilst affected by comparable constraints of exemplarity they also come against widespread corruption embedded within their social networks. Supporters, who construct a sense of belonging to their club based on the values they represent, have to deal with the recurring scandals affecting their stars whom they support during matches through exuberant and colourful performances. Baseball is thus at the center of local and national issues. It equally plays into debates on globalization, being a symbol of the existence of a Taiwanese, or Chinese, nation.