In an effort to understand the formation of the artist’s role in society from the perspective of the artists in relation to the founding of the State Art Council (Statens konstråd) during the period 1936-1946, this thesis studies the formation process and central problems of the Swedish Artists’ Association (Konstnärernas riksorganisation, K.R.O.). Using the analytical concept of representation as a base for the methodological framework, the thesis explores material including meeting protocols, letters, transcribed debates and the union members’ journal Medlemsbladet, as well as several Swedish daily newspapers. While the role and importance of K.R.O. in the 1930s and 1940s have been treated parenthetically in most prior historical writing regarding the relationship between artists and the welfare state, this thesis argues that the first decade of K.R.O’s history can shed light on important themes in the historiography. It argues also that several common assumptions about the organization need to be reconsidered, including the notion that K.R.O. was constituted with the primary task of proposing candidates for the State Art Council. The need for an artists’ union had existed prior to the formation of the State Art Council, and K.R.O. should be regarded in light of a longer history of attempts to organise artists on a national level. These prior experiences informed the artists’ considerations about how representation, in the political sense of the concept, should and could be achieved for the organisation’s claims to legitimacy towards the state and the Swedish artists. Likewise, the legitimacy of the state’s initiative hinged on the success of the organization’s claims to representativity.                   By analysing two central problems connected to the state’s and other actors’ involvement in the Swedish cultural life and social reformist claims - wartime taxation of artworks and the system of art exhibitions -  this thesis argues that the commitment and enthusiasm regarding the changed structures within Swedish cultural life, which usually is ascribed to the artists during the period, has been inordinate. Whereas the state’s new involvement and the formation of K.R.O. can be seen as initiating the process of professionalizing the occupation of artist, the experiences of other actors not heeding their claims of expert knowledge during the organization’s first ten years highlighted the need for the artists to advance their social position.

This diploma thesis examines the impact of the professionalization project on a selected civil society organization that has joined this grant program. The theoretical part draws on the concept of professionalization and changes in the structure of the organization, its influence leads to the division of labor, transfer of expertise, institutional changes, as well as changes in identity or work procedures needed for the organization. The aim of this work is to understand how the concept of professionalization is understood by the donor, through the grant rules set by him, which should lead to the professionalization of the organization involved. Likewise, the work focuses on understanding the perception of the process of professionalization by the organization, which will examine the reasons and expectations for which it participated in the project. In the empirical part, answers to the research questions will be sought through data obtained from semi-structured interviews and documents related to the grant project. In the end, when evaluating the results through the studied professional literature it was found that there is a different understanding of the concept of professionalization by individual actors. Thanks to this, the managerial procedures implemented in the organization are subsequently...

Denna uppsats handlar om två situationer där barn utmanar min roll som pedagog. Barnen i berättelserna tilldelar slag, kastar material och använder sig av ett språk som inte anses vara okej inom förskolans verksamhet. Den första situationen inträffar i början av min arbetskarriär där mitt arbetssätt och förhållningssätt resulterar i att barnet sätts i utanförskap gång på gång. Den andra händelsen inträffar åtta år senare och resulterar istället i att barnet, med mitt stöd, ges möjlighet att själv hitta lugnet och återgå till den tidigare aktiviteten.       Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka mina frågeställningar med syfte att förstå vad det är som gör att dessa händelser får olika utgångar. För att fördjupa mig i det mest väsentliga i berättelserna använder jag mig av teorier som omfattar begreppen barnsyn, makt, förskollärarens profession, ansvar och kunskapsutveckling. Utifrån dessa begrepp, vrider jag och vänder på berättelserna och reflekterar kring dem utifrån de olika infallsvinklarna. Diskussionerna mellan teorin och händelserna lyfter fram mina synliga och dolda föreställningar, handlingssätt och kunskaper.      Att arbeta med barn i förskolan kräver både kunskaper och förmågor. Vilket också framkommer i denna essä. Bakomliggande visioner, tankar och kunskaper påverkar den vuxnes arbete med barnet. De tankar och den syn som finns om barnet kommer till uttryck i handlandet. Tillvägagångssättet bidrar till att barnet handlar kontrollerat eller gör motstånd.      Det är förskollärarens erfarenheter och kunskaper som är avgörande för hur det individuella barnet agerar. Kunskaper som innefattar förmågan att se till det individuella barnet och handla så att barnets egna förutsättningar och förmågor tas tillvara.       Denna essä visar också på hur viktigt det är att reflektera kring det som förskolläraren är med om, samtidigt som texten understryker betydelsen av att vara öppen för det okända. Genom reflektion ges möjligheten att se det som inte varit synligt och förstå situationen på ett nytt sätt. / This essay is about two situations where children challenge my role as an educator. The children in question dispenses blows, throw materials and use a language that is unacceptable within the preschool’s acitivities. The first situation occurs at the beginning of my work career when I am still a rookie. My acting and my attitude results in the child repeatedly being put in isolation. The second situation occurs eight years later. With my support, this child instead is being given the opportunity to find peace by himself and could thereby return to the previous activity.      This essay’s purpose is to investigate my questions with the aim of understanding why these situations result in different outcomes. To immerse myself in the most essential elements in the two situations, I use theories including the concepts of child vision, power, the preschool teacher’s profession, responsibility and knowledge development. Based on these concepts, I twist and turn from what I have experienced and reflect on them from the different angles. The discussions around the theory and from what have occurred, highlight my visible and hidden ideas, ways of acting and knowledge.      Working with children in preschool requires both knowledge and skills. That appears in this essay. Underlying visions, thoughts and knowledge affects the adult’s work with the child. The action reflects the educator’s thoughts and views. The approach leads to the child’s acting – either in a controlled manner or resisting.      It is the preschool teacher’s experiences and knowledge that is crucial for how the individual child acts. Knowledge that includes the ability to regard the individual child and thereby utilizing the child’s own conditions and abilities.      This essay also shows the importance of reflecting around the preschool teacher’s experiences. The essay also underlines the importance of being open to the unknown. Through reflection, the opportunity is given to see what has not been visible. The situation can be understood in a new way.

This study aims to examine how professionalization and commercializationinfluence the culture of the organization in a non-profit association. The studyobject is the elite preparatory activity in a sports organization. Therespondents in this study consist of head coaches, coaches and leaders inmanagerial positions who together have contributed to empirical material inthe form of qualitative data. The results were then analyzed out of Schein'stheory of organizational culture and the three cultural levels. The conclusionstated that artifacts and espoused values were identifiable in theorganizational culture based on Schein's theory. However, the underlyingassumptions were more difficult to understand. A connection that indicates aprofessionalization and commercialization of the non-profit activity could bepointed out.

Legitimation and professionalization of a Romani NGO in the Czech Republic Hana Synková This PhD. thesis maps strategies of legitimation and survival of non-governmental organizations working with people that use to be categorized as "socially excluded" or "Roma". It attempts to answer the question: "What NGOs do to be able to look successful, gain resources, and create organizational reputation?" This work does not treat organizations as "things", but as processes and social networks influenced by state and European policies, funding mechanisms and internal competition. Despite the organizations being discursively divided into those preferring more ethnic or social definition of their clients, they have to cope with the same pressures in the shape of social services law, standards of quality or control systems that come with projects. Organizations are far from devoting their time to "work with clients"; they are also involved in enlarging social capital of their members and in production of "texts" that serve their legitimation claims towards control bodies, other organizations and public. In order to research these publicly less visible processes, the authoress uses methods of organizational anthropology - fieldwork inside organization and at many places which are contextually linked to the...

The presented work aims to map the trends in the development and professionalization of foundations on the background of the civil society that was formed in the Czech Republic after 1989. It addresses the importance of endowment and appreciation of foundation assets in the long-term perspective and describes the circumstances that led to the creation of the Foundation Investment Fund (NIF). It also tries to follow the legislative and economic conditions for the development of the Czech endowment sector. In this sense the paper aims to bring some contribution to the civil society studies. Through a case study on The Committee of Good Will - The Olga Havel Foundation the thesis deals with the causes, effects and changes of the foundation's professionalization process. The research uses the means of internal and external document analysis, interviews with the foundation representatives and the method of participating observation. The effects of the professionalization process have manifested in personnel management changes (eg. recruitment of paid employees, hiring external professionals), project management changes and overall change in the scope of the foundation's activities. The foundation also took necessary steps towards better appreciation of its assets, proper care of its existing donors and...

This thesis deals with the professionalization of the Czech Network of Mother Centres o.s. (civic association). The theme of professionalization in the context of civic sector organizations is a widely-discussed topic and it is up to the organization itself how it will professionalize. The Czech Network of Mother Centres o.s. is a civic umbrella association of maternity centres in the Czech Republic. The history of its establishment reflects the different stages of professionalism and efforts to improve and develop services. The first part of this thesis deals with definitions of professionalism, from which emerge three key areas: human resources, organization processes and organization transparency and communication with the external environment. In the second part of the thesis there is a study of The Czech Network of Mother Centres o.s. professionalized areas, and the reasons why it happened. The conclusion summarizes the research findings and formulates recommendations for the future direction of the Czech Network of Mother Centres o.s. Key words Professionalization - The Czech Network of Mother Centres - human resources - volunteering - structure of the organization - transparency - processes in the organization

The thesis deals with the organizational changes in connection with availability of resources, mostly subsidies from the EU. It focuses on the changes and processes in civil society organizations, these processes identifies and describes. Based on the theoretical assumption that in civil society organizations certain organizational changes occur as a result of availability of resources. This assumption is based on findings from previous published studies and work. Presented theory are demonstrated using case study.

The thesis deals with the organizational changes in connection with the use of subsidies from the European Union. It focuses on the changes and processes in civil society Organizations, these processes identifies and describes. It also examines which of them can lead to the successful functioning of the organization. Based on the theoretical assumption that in civil society organizations certain organizational changes occur as a result of subsidies from the EU. This assumption is based on findings from previous published studies and work. Presented theory are demonstrated on examples of good practice, using case study.

The article starts with observations about an increasing marginalization of professional journalism in public communication. This development is mainly driven by two factors, decreasing interest in the public sphere and increasing selective exposure. Based on these observations, the author develops a definition of the core societal functions of journalism, that is, validation and shared reality. Assigning to professional journalism the role of the ‘new knowledge profession’ he looks for areas of competence that would need to be taught in academic programs to furnish the profession with the necessary skills and make journalism a ‘de facto profession’. Finally, he discusses constraints on such a strategy in educational philosophies, the trade, and the changing demand of professional news.