This study looks at English place names in Swedish texts with a focus on which translation strategies are more common today, whether there is a progress from a diachronic perspective from translation to transference, and whether the prominence of each place name affects the chosen translation strategy. The thesis includes a corpusbased study of 299 place names collected from four sources, which were researched in the online newspaper archive found on the website of the National Library of Sweden. A chapter from Rowan Moore’s book Slow Burn City was translated and its use of place names analysed in light of the corpus results. The results showed that transference is the most used strategy today while part-translations and additions are also frequently used. The prominence of a place has been shown to be a determining factor in the chosen translation strategy, with more well-known places being transferred in English than lesser known places. The results varied between the different categories of place names (institutions and facilities, objects and works of art and geographical places) regarding the most frequent strategies in the past with some categories showing a progress from translation to transference, others with even use of translation and transference in the past and finally two categories where English was more common in the past than today.

BEZERRA, João Alfredo Ramos.Hareios Poter: um estudo descritivo sobre a tradução dos nomes próprios de Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone para o grego antigo. 2017. 108f. - Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. / Submitted by Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Tradução (poet@ufc.br) on 2017-11-16T13:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_jarbezerra.pdf: 1536898 bytes, checksum: 8415736b3f9ed7d25e7fdf5ac3bbea31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-20T17:31:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_jarbezerra.pdf: 1536898 bytes, checksum: 8415736b3f9ed7d25e7fdf5ac3bbea31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T17:31:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_jarbezerra.pdf: 1536898 bytes, checksum: 8415736b3f9ed7d25e7fdf5ac3bbea31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / With undeniable repercussion, the Harry Potter books were published between the years of 1997 and 2007, totaling seven titles. Although one of the largest literary phenomenon in the beginning of the XXI century, the series tend not to be given proper look by the academic community because it is a best-seller classified as children’s literature. Even though, few academic questions rise timidly, such as translation issues, since the books have different lexicon, complex plot, and not common extension for this genre. The study of proper names, known as Onomastics, are part of a specific group, once many of them are puns or have implicit meaning which may go underway depending on the translation procedure. Due to success and expressive numbers, the books are the epicentre in a web of translations. Among so many versions, the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997), was translated into Ancient Greek in 2004 by British Classical Studies Professor Andrew Wilson. Therefore, the goal in this present study is to compare and analyze the translation of proper names on the mentioned translation through the creation of a list of proper names in English and Ancient Greek, splitting them into categories, observing the translation procedures, the paths chosen by the translator. This way, it is characterized as a descriptive study, based upon Lambert’s and Van Gorp’s method (1985). Initial hypothesis is that these names, especially the ones created by the author, were just transliterated, because it seems easier just to go from the Latin alphabet to the Greek one. To set the list, the book in English, seen here as source text, was read highlighting all proper names by chapter order. By the end of the first stage, the same process was made with the Ancient Greek edition. With the list set, categories of names had to be chosen, such as characters, places, objects, among others. The second stage consisted on setting the translational procedures. With all considered, analysis could be initiated, showing results like which procedures had been used most by the translator. It is concluded then that the translator chose paths like approximating the text to the reader, such as using acoustic approximation, disproving initial hypothesis about the use of transliteration. This way, he showed undue creativity by his choices by making a flowing text. / Com repercussão inegável, os livros de Harry Potter foram publicados entre os anos de 1997 e 2007, somando sete títulos. Embora um dos maiores fenômenos literários do início do século XXI, a série não tem sido amplamente contemplada pela comunidade acadêmica por se tratar de um best-seller direcionado ao público infanto-juvenil. Mesmo assim, poucas questões acadêmicas vão surgindo timidamente, como os problemas tradutórios, uma vez que a obra conta com um léxico diferenciado, uma história complexa e possui uma extensão nada comum aos livros do gênero. Os estudos de nomes próprios, conhecido como Onomástica, configuram um grupo específico, pois em muitos deles a autora utiliza-se de jogos de palavras e significados implícitos que podem vir a passar despercebidos dependendo do procedimento tradutório. Por conta de todo o sucesso e números expressivos, a obra representa um epicentro em um emaranhado de traduções. Entre tantas versões, o primeiro título, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997), foi traduzido para o grego antigo em 2004 pelo professor britânico de estudos clássicos Andrew Wilson. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar e analisar a tradução dos nomes próprios da referida tradução a partir da montagem de uma lista com os nomes próprios em inglês e em grego antigo, dividindo-os em categorias, observando o procedimento tradutório, os caminhos escolhidos pelo tradutor. Sendo assim, caracteriza-se em uma pesquisa descritiva, baseada no método de Lambert e Van Gorp (1985). A hipótese inicial é que muitos desses nomes, principalmente os criados pela autora, foram apenas transliterados, por conta da facilitação em apenas transpor do alfabeto latino para o grego. Para a montagem da lista, a obra em inglês, considerada neste trabalho como texto fonte, foi lida destacando todos os nomes por ordem dos capítulos. Ao final da primeira etapa, o mesmo processo foi feito com a edição em grego antigo. Com a lista finalizada, foram escolhidas categorias dos nomes, como personagens, lugares, objetos, entre outros. A segunda etapa do trabalho consistiu em compilar os procedimentos tradutórios. Com tudo considerado, a análise pôde ser iniciada, mostrando resultados como quais procedimentos tinham sido mais utilizados pelo tradutor. Conclui-se, então, que o tradutor tomou caminhos que aproximavam o texto do leitor, como a aproximação acústica, refutando a hipótese inicial do uso da transliteração. Desta forma, ele mostrou demasiada criatividade nas suas escolhas, tornando o texto fluido.

Introduction to Literary Onomastics Abstract Žaneta Dvořáková Czech onomastics has been traditionally well advanced; it has a high-quality theoretical and methodological foundation and is highly regarded internationally. However, unlike in other countries, literary onomastics as one of its disciplines still lacks sufficient attention. R. Šrámek - along with his counterparts abroad, K. Gutschmidt and W. F. H. Nicolaisen - points out its terminological and methodological inconsistency, insufficient theoretical elaboration and the problem of defining its scope of research. It is this call that I want to answer with my dissertation. The goal of my Introduction To Literary Onomastics is to provide a critical and complex summary and assessment of the current understanding of literary proper names and to further research the subject - especially by extending its scope with some new views of anthroponyms in fiction based on profound analyses of modern works of Czech and foreign literature of the 19th and 20th century. My research builds upon methodological-theoretical findings reached by the development of both Czech and foreign literary onomastics; at the same time, it draws on the latest findings of general onomastic theory. Excerpted works purposely represent a wide variety of literary genres, which allows us to...

76 Abstract: Interrogation tactics This thesis is focused on the interrogation management tactic, ie, in brief, how interrogator should conduct an interrogation to be both legal and successful. My aim in this work was to address the basic complexity of interrogation management and describe the basic procedures and techniques by which interrogator can obtain true testimony from the majority of interrogated groups. Due to the limited scope of this work, I could not incorporate specific areas of interrogation situations (questioning of juvenile, sick, etc.), so I focused mainly on interviews with the three main groups of people interrogated, which are interviews of people who can testify and want to, who want to, but can not and who do not want to testify, though they can, especially in situations where these persons are witnesses or subjects accused. In the first chapter of this thesis I deal with questioning from a general point of view of law, psychology and criminology, wherein most of the views and theories mentioned can be related to almost all specific interrogation situations. In this chapter I provided the psychological aspect of the interrogation a little more space than I originally intended, but I think it is substantiated. The psychological side of the interrogation situation is very complicated...

[pt] Este trabalho tem o objetivo de mostrar que a função básica dos nomes próprios é a função de código e não a função referencial. Embora a função referencial seja uma das funções mais importantes dos nomes próprios, ela é dependente da função de código, ou seja, um nome próprio só pode ser um designador porque em primeiro lugar é um código. Como um código se distingue pelo fato de fornecer informação para um sistema de decodificação, nomes próprios também devem ser considerados informativos. Eles fornecem informação para nossos sistemas mentais de processamento de linguagem. Vê-se assim que a função de código dos nomes próprios só pode ser explicada dentro de uma perspectiva internalista, ou seja, dentro de uma perspectiva que leve em conta os fatores mentais envolvidos no uso de nomes próprios. A análise de nomes próprios feita neste trabalho esclarece quais são esses fatores e é isso que a torna internalista. Tal análise também dá suporte a um certo tipo de descritivismo, segundo o qual o conteúdo descritivo de um nome próprio é o conjunto de informações associadas ao nome quando ele é usado em dada ocasião. / [en] The purpose of this monograph is to show that the basic function of proper names is a coding function and not a referential function. Although the referential function is one of the most important functions of proper names, it is dependent on the coding function, i.e., a proper name can only be a designator because it is a code in the first place. Since a code is distinguished by the fact that it provides information to a decodification system, proper names must be considered informative too. They provide information to our language processing mental systems. So it is possible to see that the coding function of proper names can only be explained from an internalist perspective, that is to say, from a perspective that takes into account the mental factors involved in the use of proper names. The analysis of proper names in this work makes clear what these factors are, and it is this that makes it an internalist analysis. This analysis also supports a certain kind of descriptivism, according to which the descriptive content of a proper name is the information set associated to the name when it is used on a given occasion.

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o excesso de poder da força na atuação policial em Moçambique. Apresenta como plano de fundo a análise da atuação da polícia, no que concerne ao uso excessivo ou indiscriminado da força no exercício das suas funções, e a busca de soluções técnico-científicas para a redução desse problema. Assim, evitando a violação dos direitos humanos. A partir desta perspectiva, busca-se compreender a problemática do uso excessivo ou indiscriminado da força na atuação policial em Moçambique, vivida nos últimos anos pelo país, tendo em vista sugerir políticas a serem traçadas para minimizar, colmatar, e estancar o problema de tal forma que se extrapole este flagelo que atinge a sociedade moçambicana. Os ditames do art. 254 da Constituição da República de Moçambique datada de 1990, alterada em 2005, preconiza que a polícia deve assegurar o respeito pelo Estado de direito democrático e a observância estrita dos direitos e liberdades fundamentais dos cidadãos. Embora a Constituição e a lei proíbam tais práticas, a polícia, inadequadamente preparada, usou frequentemente força excessiva ou indiscriminada, além de cometer abusos físicos severos durante as apreensões, interrogatórios e detenções de suspeitos criminosos, inclusive em manifestações democráticas em todo o país. Em conformidade com o disposto no art. 358º do CPP/Mz que “proíbe a toda a autoridade ou agente de autoridade de maltratar ou fazer qualquer insulto, violência física ou psíquica. Neste sentido, as armas de fogo só devem ser utilizadas para defender as pessoas contra a ameaça iminente de morte ou ferimentos graves ou para impedir uma ameaça grave à vida e apenas quando meios menos extremos forem insuficientes. A força letal só deve ser utilizada quando for estritamente inevitável para proteger a vida. Em diversos casos de violações dos direitos humanos praticados pela polícia, não houve qualquer investigação e nem foram tomadas quaisquer medidas disciplinares contra os responsáveis e, de fato, nenhum agente da polícia foi processado. Pois, os autores deste crime continuam impunes e cometem outras violações. O ser humano é titular de um direito e é considerado como um membro da sociedade e goza de todos os direitos garantidos pela Constituição os quais não podem serem violados. / The present work presents a study about the abuse of power of the police force action in Mozambique. The purpose of this study is to analyze the police's behavior regarding the excessive or indiscriminate use of force in the exercise of their functions and to seek technical-scientific solutions to reduce this problem, thus avoiding the violation of human rights. From this perspective, the aim is to understand the problem of the excessive or indiscriminate use of force in the police action in Mozambique, which in recent years the country has lived and, with a view to suggesting policies to be drawn up to minimize, stop, or prevent problem so that this scourge that undermines Mozambican society is extrapolated. In the dictates of art. 254 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique of 1990, amended in 2005, advocates that the police must ensure respect for the democratic rule of law and strict observance of citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. Although the Constitution and the law prohibit such practices, the police, inadequately trained, often uses excessive or indiscriminate force and severe physical abuse during the seizures, interrogations, arrests of criminal suspects even in democratic demonstrations throughout the country. In accordance with the provisions of art. 355 of the CPP / Mz, that "prohibits any authority or agent of the authority from mistreating or doing any insult or physical or psychic violence. In this sense, firearms should only be used to defend people against the imminent threat of death or serious injury or to prevent a serious threat to life and only when less extreme means are insufficient. Lethal force should only be used when it is strictly unavoidable to protect life. In several cases of human rights violations committed by the police, no investigation was carried out and no disciplinary action was taken against those responsible and, in fact, no police officers were prosecuted. For the perpetrators of this crime remain unpunished and commit other violations. The human being holds a right, and he/she is considered as a member of society and has all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and cannot be violated.

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of proper names in a specific area of written Czech literature about the Spanish pilgrimage route called Saint James´ Way (Svatojakubská cesta in Czech). The theoretical part first describes definition, different types of classification and correct orthography of proper names in Czech and Spanish. Then it deals with the Galician language as the cooficial language of the Galician autonomous Spanish region where the pilgrimage route ends. The Galician toponymy and basic rules of national Spanish press related to the use of cooficial languages such as Catalan, Galician and Basque in comparison to Spanish are also covered. The last chapter focuses on general problems associated with the translation of proper names into other foreign languages. The main task of the practical part of this thesis is to analyse two specific books written in different genres. Some problems connected to this process are explained in the beginning, and afterwards they are evaluated and contrasted with the results of various classifications that had been made within the proper names in both publications. One chapter is dedicated to Galician proper names and finally comes the discussion of the correctness of orthography employed by the authors. The conclusion sums up the result of the whole analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6601.pdf: 871756 bytes, checksum: 096f8294b0dc42c7a4f5f8eece8bb33b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / According to Aristotle, sensation is a process in which the sense becomes similar to the sensible. In order to explain this transition from dissimilarity to similarity it is required that one grasps that sensation is a kind of alteration. It is an affection which can be better described as preservation of what is potential (the sense) by what is actual (the sensible). In order to do so, the sense must be constituted in a similar manner in respect of the intermediary which needs to be between the sense and the sensible. So construed, the affection that explains sensation introduces two main characteristics: it establishes a threshold for the intensity of the sensible and it sets how the sense-organs should be composed. They must grasp the sensible without causing the destruction of the senses potentiality, since the intermediary is always something that enables the sensible to appear through it. Sensation as an affection explains primarily the affection of one of the sense objects, namely, the proper sensible. So, it stands as a difficulty how another kind of sense object is grasped: the common sensible. The senses are not physiologically constituted to perceive the common sensible. It happens that common sensibles accompany the proper sensibles, so there is a specific capacity to perceive them, and this capacity is shared by all five senses. / Para Aristóteles, a sensação é um processo no qual o sentido se torna semelhante ao sensível. Para explicar a passagem da dessemelhança à semelhança é preciso compreender que a sensação é um tipo de alteração. Trata-se de uma afecção em que o ser em potência (o sentido) é preservado pelo ser em ato (o sensível). Assim compreendida, a afecção que descreve a sensação apresenta duas características principais: estabelece um limite dentro do qual a sensação é possível e apresenta um padrão para a constituição dos órgãos dos sentidos. Estes devem poder apreender os sensíveis sem que essa apreensão implique na perda da potencialidade dos sentidos. Para isso, os sentidos devem ser constituídos de maneira semelhante ao meio que se interpõe entre o sentido e o sensível, pois o meio é sempre algo que permite aos sensíveis aparecerem através dele. A sensação descrita como uma afecção explica primordialmente a afecção de um dos objetos dos sentidos, a saber, os sensíveis próprios. Então, se coloca como problemática a apreensão dos sensíveis comuns, já que os órgãos dos sentidos não são constituídos com a finalidade de percebê-los. Ocorre que os sensíveis comuns acompanham os sensíveis próprios, de modo que sua apreensão se dá por uma capacidade específica que é compartilhada pelos cinco sentidos.

Soit G un groupe de Lie résoluble connexe et H un de ses sous-groupes fermés connexes d'algèbres de Lie g et h respectivement. On note g* (resp. h*) le dual linéaire de g (resp. h) ). Le sujet de ma thèse consiste à étudier la restriction d'une série discrète π de G, associée à une orbite coadjointe Ω C g*, à H. Si la restriction de π à H se décompose en somme directe de représentations de H avec multiplicités finies, on dit que π est H-admissible. Notons Pg,n : Ω → h* l'application restriction. Il s'agit de démontrer la conjecture suivante due à Michel Duflo : 1. La représentation π est H-admissible si et seulement si l'application moment Pg,n est propre sur l'image. 2. Si π est H-admissible, et si T est une série discrète de H alors sa multiplicité dans la restriction de π à H doit pouvoir se calculer en « quantifiant » l'espace réduit correspondant (qui est compact dans ce cas). Dans cette thèse, nous apportons une réponse positive à cette conjecture dans deux situations, à savoir :(i) Le groupe G est résoluble exponentiel. (ii) Le groupe G est le produit semi direct d'un tore compact par le groupe de Heisenberg et H est un sous-groupe algébrique connexe. / Let G be a connected solvable Lie group and H a closed connected subgroup with Lie algebra g and h respectively. We denote g* (resp. h*) the dual of g (resp. h). The aim of my thesis is to study the restriction of a discrete series π of G, associated with a coadjoint orbit Ω C g* to H. If the restriction of π to H can be decomposed in to a direct sum of representations of H with finite multiplicities, we say that π is H-admissible. Let Pg,n : Ω → h* denote the restriction map. My objective is to show the following conjecture due to Michel Duflo : 1. The representation π i s H-admissible if and only if the moment application Pg,n is proper on the image. 2. If π is H-admissible, and if T is a discrete series of H then it s multiplicity in the restriction of π to H must be calculated by « quantifying » the corresponding reduced space (that is compact in this case). In this thesis, we provide a positive response to this conjecture in two situations, namely when: (i) G is exponential solvable Lie group. (ii) G is the semi direct product of a compact torus and the Heisenberg group and H is a connected algebraic subgroup.

After Gettier came Plantinga.In this essay I explore the concepts of justification and warrant. Are they just two words with the same meaning? Starting with Edmund Gettier’s famous 1963 paper Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? as a backdrop, I investigate Alvin Plantinga’s Proper Functionalism, his analysis of warrant, that property enough of which turns mere true belief into knowledge. Then we put Plantinga’s proper functionalism to the test with challenges from a selection of essays from philosophers critical to Plantinga’s views on warrant. We end up in a summary, where I defend the thesis that Plantinga’s proper functionalism has deepened our understanding of warrant to the point that we can say that it is the best starting point when investigating what warrant is, and how it thus helps us in our understanding what constitutes knowledge. The question of whether Plantinga’s account of warrant can be said to be a solution of Gettier cases will depend on our willingness to allow some vagueness in Plantinga’s definition of the cognitive ”mini environment”. Otherwise, a reductive analysis of knowledge and its parts seem doomed. In the end I give a slightly adjusted revision or addendum of proper functionalism, adding what I call the elements of recognition and surprise in being prepared for truth’s either validating or refuting my belief. I also shortly, in a postscript, discuss possible ways forward for those who want to explore more about Plantinga’s design plan condition, whether it should be interpreted in a theistic or naturalistic framework.