Ikiteisminio tyrimo organizavimas – tai ne tik įstatymais apibrėžta procesinė veikla, bet ir įvairių bendravimo bei bendradarbiavimo veiksmų kompleksas, kuris gali būti paaiškintas remiantis kitų visuomenės mokslų žiniomis. Ikiteisminio tyrimo organizavimo, jam vadovavimo, kontroliavimo sistemą sudaro ikiteisminio tyrimo pareigūnas, prokuroras, ikiteisminio tyrimo teisėjas. Pagrindinis ikiteisminio tyrimo proceso organizatorius, vadovas ir kontrolierius - prokuroras. Ikiteisminio tyrimo pareigūnas (tyrėjas) privalo vykdyti visus prokuroro nurodymus bei jo nustatytu laiku pranešti apie ikiteisminio tyrimo eigą. Ikiteisminio tyrimo teisėjas atlieka tik jam priskirtus procesinius veiksmus ir tik gavęs prokuroro prašymą. Esminiai ikiteisminio tyrimo organizavimo principai: teisėtumas, vienasmeniškumas, veiksmų koordinavimas, mobilumas, intensyvumas, mokslo ir technikos panaudojimas, dinamiškumas ir vykdymo kontrolė bei uždaviniai skirti operatyviai ir išsamiai išaiškinti nusikalstamas veikas, sudaryti kiekvienoje byloje sąlygas teisingai taikyti įstatymą, kad kiekvienas nusikaltimą padaręs asmuo būtų teisingai nubaustas ir nė vienas nekaltas asmuo nebūtų patrauktas baudžiamojon atsakomybėn, užtikrinti nusikalstamą veiką padariusio asmens padarytos materialinės žalos atlyginimą arba ją atlyginti, sudaro vieną iš ikiteisminio tyrimo organizavimo pagrindų. Tačiau vienas svarbiausių, be ikiteisminio tyrimo organizavimo principų ir uždavinių, pagrindų yra procesinis, kurį sudaro... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Organization of the pre-trial investigation - is not only defined by law procedural activities but communication and cooperation between different set of operations which can be explained by other social science research organization of the pre-trial investigation, his leadership; the monitoring system consists of pre-trial investigation officer, prosecutor, investigating judge. The main organizer of investigative process, supervisor and controller - prosecutor. Pre-trial investigation officer (investigator) must comply with all instructions and prosecutor in due time to the pre-trial proceedings. The pre-trial judge assigned to him only by the proceedings and only after the prosecutor's request. Key pre-trial organization principles: legality, coordination, mobility, intensity of use of science and technology, dynamics and control performance as well as the targets for rapid and comprehensive interpretation of criminal offenses, consisting in each case for correct application of the law so that every offender would be justly punished and no innocent person is not prosecuted, to ensure the offender of material damages or compensation, is one of the pre-survey in the grounds. However, one of the most important, in addition to investigating the principles and objectives of the organization, the framework is procedural, which are the Republic of Lithuania Code of Criminal Procedure and other legislation. Proper pre-trial planning is essential in ensuring the success of the... [to full text]

<p>Kenya&rsquo / s December 2007 Presidential elections sparked a wave of violent clashes over allegations of election rigging. The protests broke out along ethnic lines, causing greater civil unrest. There have been allegations that during these outbreaks of violence crimes against humanity were committed. This violence attracted world-wide concern and was universally condemned. Kenya is loathe to prosecute the perpetrators or those who bear the highest responsibility for the alleged commission of crimes against humanity. It has instead established a national investigatory mechanism, the Kenyan Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (hereafter TJRC). This approach adopted by Kenya has been criticized for the fact that it fosters a culture of impunity. However, the Prosecutor of International Criminal Court (hereafter ICC) has used his proprio motu powers to initiate an investigation of alleged commission of crimes that fall within the jurisdiction of the Court. This research paper has analysed the reasons for the proprio motu intervention of the ICC in Kenyan situation. It also examined whether Kenya was unwilling or genuinely unable to prosecute the perpetrators of the post-election violence of 2007. Furthermore, the paper&nbsp / evaluated the provisions of the Kenyan TJRC, the major shortcomings of the Commission and the challenges it is facing in fulfilling its mandate. In conclusion the paper analysed the relationship between TJRC and ICC and re-evaluate any role that the two bodies could play in dispensing justice in Kenya. But before that, the paper laid down the factual&nbsp / background that led to the proprio motu interevention of the ICC in Kenya where a truth commission had alreday been established.<br /> <br /> &nbsp / </p>

En 2000, le Chili a promulgué un nouveau Code de procédure pénale qui a bouleversé les fondements de l’ancienne procédure. Cette réforme s’est appuyée sur l’idée d’une rupture totale avec la législation antérieure en faisant graviter la procédure autour de la notion clé de débat contradictoire. L’émergence de ce principe a été obtenue grâce à une répartition innovante des rôles entre les différents protagonistes du procès, notamment avec la réapparition du Ministère Public en première instance. Afin d’innerver l’ensemble du procès, le débat contradictoire se réalise à toutes les étapes de la procédure et permet d’aboutir à une décision judiciaire qui puise sa légitimité dans la participation active des parties aux débats. Toutefois, ce débat contradictoire ne peut acquérir sa pleine dimension et son effectivité maximale que grâce à l’institution de mécanismes particuliers. Ainsi, la prévention des atteintes au contradictoire est assurée par la refonte du statut des protagonistes du procès et par l’obligation du juge de motiver ses décisions. Enfin, ce sont les voies de recours qui ont été modifiées et repensées afin d’assurer l’effectivité du principe du contradictoire. Grâce à ce mouvement, le Chili a effectué une véritable révolution juridique parachevant ainsi sa transition vers la démocratie. / In 2000, Chili promulgated a new Code of criminal procedure that deeply shook the foundations of the previous procedure. This reform is based on the idea of a complete change from the former legislation by having criminal procedure rotate around the key concept of adversarial debate. The development of this principle was allowed thanks to the innovative distribution of the tasks bearing on those involved in the trial, such as the appearance of the Public Prosecutor who has recovered his function of criminal prosecution, which had been so far handled by the judge. In order to affect the whole trial, the adversarial principle carries out its effects at every stage of the proceedings. It leads to a ruling that grounds its legitimacy in the active participation of the parties in the proceedings. Consequently, the law of evidence was modified and the legal hierarchy of evidence gave way to the principle of free assessment of evidence. Yet, the adversarial debate can only develop and be effective through the setting up of specific mechanisms. Therefore, a reworking of the status of the actors of the criminal proceedings has been designed to prevent any breach of the adversarial principle. Regarding the possible breaches of the adversarial principle by the judge, these are prevented by the obligation bearing on the judge to give grounds for his rulings, as well as the modification of his status. Finally, the judicial remedies were modified and rethought in order to ensure the efficiency of the adversarial principle. Thanks to this reform, Chile made a real legal revolution, thereby completing its transition to democracy.

Diante do fenômeno da integração regional e das suas características próprias atingidas da União Europeia, principalmente com a livre circulação de pessoas nas fronteiras internas do bloco, a livre circulação de criminosos acaba sendo uma realidade. Observando-se que o direito penal está umbilicalmente ligado à soberania nacional, é uma realidade a existência de leis distintas para cada país, o que acaba dificultando a persecução penal na União Europeia, razão pela qual uma alternativa deve ser buscada. Inicialmente o aprimoramento da cooperação jurídica em matéria penal é pensada como uma alternativa, no entanto, diante do relevante avanço da integração, ela não mais é suficiente, sendo necessária a busca por um mecanismo integrativo nessa esfera também, pensando-se, assim, em um espaço penal europeu comum, tutelado pelo Direito da União Europeia e dirigido por instituições próprias, contexto em que surge a ideia de criação da Procuradoria Europeia, responsável pela atuação na esfera criminal. / In the presence of the regional integration phenomenon and their own characteristics achieved in the European Union, especially with the free movement of persons at internal borders of the block, the free movement of criminals ends up being a reality. Observing that criminal law is linked to national sovereignty, it is a reality that there are separate laws for each country, which makes it difficult to criminal prosecution in the European Union, reason why an alternative must be sought. Initially the improvement of judicial cooperation in criminal matters is thought of as an alternative, however, before the relevant progress of integration, it is no longer sufficient and it is necessary to search for an integrative mechanism in this sphere too, thinking in a common European law-enforcement area, supervised by the European Union law and directed by its own institutions, the context in which it appears the idea of creating a European Public Prosecutor, responsible to act in the criminal sphere.

Diante do fenômeno da integração regional e das suas características próprias atingidas da União Europeia, principalmente com a livre circulação de pessoas nas fronteiras internas do bloco, a livre circulação de criminosos acaba sendo uma realidade. Observando-se que o direito penal está umbilicalmente ligado à soberania nacional, é uma realidade a existência de leis distintas para cada país, o que acaba dificultando a persecução penal na União Europeia, razão pela qual uma alternativa deve ser buscada. Inicialmente o aprimoramento da cooperação jurídica em matéria penal é pensada como uma alternativa, no entanto, diante do relevante avanço da integração, ela não mais é suficiente, sendo necessária a busca por um mecanismo integrativo nessa esfera também, pensando-se, assim, em um espaço penal europeu comum, tutelado pelo Direito da União Europeia e dirigido por instituições próprias, contexto em que surge a ideia de criação da Procuradoria Europeia, responsável pela atuação na esfera criminal. / In the presence of the regional integration phenomenon and their own characteristics achieved in the European Union, especially with the free movement of persons at internal borders of the block, the free movement of criminals ends up being a reality. Observing that criminal law is linked to national sovereignty, it is a reality that there are separate laws for each country, which makes it difficult to criminal prosecution in the European Union, reason why an alternative must be sought. Initially the improvement of judicial cooperation in criminal matters is thought of as an alternative, however, before the relevant progress of integration, it is no longer sufficient and it is necessary to search for an integrative mechanism in this sphere too, thinking in a common European law-enforcement area, supervised by the European Union law and directed by its own institutions, the context in which it appears the idea of creating a European Public Prosecutor, responsible to act in the criminal sphere.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5660.pdf: 56237345 bytes, checksum: 2bfb8fc2cc5e91016001506d393e19b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Inclusive education is a disturbing and challenging issue for its difficulties and limitations. Throughout history, this subject has constituted controversial. However, in recent years that legal achievements are being achieved, leading to a new social positioning, especially in regards to education. However, the fact that there are standards supporting the right to education for all, including those with disabilities, it doesn't mean that such guarantee is being observed for real, which is why effective oversight is needed by society and institutions. One of the existing institutions that have empowered by the constitution to oversee and enforce legal requirements that protect the interests of society is the prosecutor, through establishment of administrative procedures. Thus, the present study aimed to search, identify and analyze the proceedings instituted in the prosecution in the state of São Paulo, involving the theme of rights to educational inclusion of people with disabilities in regular schools, in the period between 12/01/2009 to 12/01/2011, based on the previous work discussing the role this institution and defending the right to education . Having in mind the purpose of the research, we used a qualitative approach to document analysis some court procedures. The results point the prosecutor as an important ally in the legal achievements of people with disabilities related to educational inclusion and brought the discussion of the importance of public awareness of people with disabilities to advance their rights. / A educação inclusiva é uma questão inquietante e desafiadora por suas dificuldades e limitações. Ao longo da história, esse assunto tem se constituído polêmico. Entretanto, nos últimos anos que conquistas legais estão sendo alcançadas, levando a um novo posicionamento social, principalmente nos que diz respeito à educação. Porém, o fato de existirem normas amparando o direito à educação de todos, inclusive daqueles com deficiência, não significa que tal garantia esteja sendo observada na prática, razão pela qual se faz necessária a efetiva fiscalização pela sociedade e instituições competentes. Uma das instituições existentes que tem competência atribuída pela Constituição para fiscalizar e fazer cumprir as determinações legais que protejam os interesses da sociedade é o Ministério Público, por meio de instauração de procedimentos administrativos. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo buscar, identificar e analisar os procedimentos instaurados no Ministério Público no interior do estado de São Paulo envolvendo a temática de direitos à inclusão escolar da pessoa com deficiência na rede regular de ensino, no período compreendido entre 01/12/2009 a 01/12/2011, tomando como base os trabalhos anteriores realizados que discutem a atuação dessa Instituição e a defesa do direito à educação.Tendo em vista o objetivo da pesquisa, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, com a análise documental de alguns procedimentos extrajudiciais. Os resultados apontam o Ministério Público como um importante aliado nas conquistas legais da pessoa com deficiência relacionada à inclusão escolar, bem como trouxe a discussão da importância da consciência cidadã da pessoa com deficiência na busca por seus direitos.

Diante do fenômeno da integração regional e das suas características próprias atingidas da União Europeia, principalmente com a livre circulação de pessoas nas fronteiras internas do bloco, a livre circulação de criminosos acaba sendo uma realidade. Observando-se que o direito penal está umbilicalmente ligado à soberania nacional, é uma realidade a existência de leis distintas para cada país, o que acaba dificultando a persecução penal na União Europeia, razão pela qual uma alternativa deve ser buscada. Inicialmente o aprimoramento da cooperação jurídica em matéria penal é pensada como uma alternativa, no entanto, diante do relevante avanço da integração, ela não mais é suficiente, sendo necessária a busca por um mecanismo integrativo nessa esfera também, pensando-se, assim, em um espaço penal europeu comum, tutelado pelo Direito da União Europeia e dirigido por instituições próprias, contexto em que surge a ideia de criação da Procuradoria Europeia, responsável pela atuação na esfera criminal. / In the presence of the regional integration phenomenon and their own characteristics achieved in the European Union, especially with the free movement of persons at internal borders of the block, the free movement of criminals ends up being a reality. Observing that criminal law is linked to national sovereignty, it is a reality that there are separate laws for each country, which makes it difficult to criminal prosecution in the European Union, reason why an alternative must be sought. Initially the improvement of judicial cooperation in criminal matters is thought of as an alternative, however, before the relevant progress of integration, it is no longer sufficient and it is necessary to search for an integrative mechanism in this sphere too, thinking in a common European law-enforcement area, supervised by the European Union law and directed by its own institutions, the context in which it appears the idea of creating a European Public Prosecutor, responsible to act in the criminal sphere.

Submitted by Pedro Carvalho Leitão (eupedroeu@gmail.com) on 2012-12-11T22:27:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MAP Pedro Carvalho Leitão.pdf: 19768691 bytes, checksum: bf822d9d79adc9197bf9b01ba5785dc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-12-27T13:41:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MAP Pedro Carvalho Leitão.pdf: 19768691 bytes, checksum: bf822d9d79adc9197bf9b01ba5785dc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-01-02T11:54:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MAP Pedro Carvalho Leitão.pdf: 19768691 bytes, checksum: bf822d9d79adc9197bf9b01ba5785dc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-02T11:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MAP Pedro Carvalho Leitão.pdf: 19768691 bytes, checksum: bf822d9d79adc9197bf9b01ba5785dc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-02 / A partir do pensamento científico voltado para o Orçamento Público e seu potencial de contribuição para uma maior vitalidade da gestão pública, a presente pesquisa voltou o olhar para a Procuradoria da República no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PR/RJ) com o intuito de verificar as contribuições de seu modelo orçamentário para a gestão de tal unidade administrativa do Ministério Público Federal (MPF). Tal objetivo foi buscado, em primeiro lugar, pela fixação de um referencial teórico representativo da percepção do Orçamento Público como ferramenta para um aprimoramento da gestão dos órgãos e pessoas jurídicas que compõem a Administração Pública. Com tal visão inicial estabelecida, foram buscados os documentos de divulgação das escolhas orçamentais do MPF e, mais especificamente, da PR/RJ. Além disso, foram entrevistados alguns gestores da PR/RJ, Procuradores da República (representativos da atividade-fim) e servidores que trabalham mais diretamente com o orçamento da unidade. / From the scientific thought toward the public budget and its potential contribution to greater vitality of public management, this study focused at the Federal Prosecutor Office in the State of Rio de Janeiro (PR/RJ) in order to verify the contribution of its budget model for the management of such administrative unit of the Federal Prosecutor Office (MPF). This goal was sought, first, by setting a theoretical representative of the perception of the public budget as a tool for improving the management of agencies and entities that compose the Public Administration. With this initial vision established, were sought the documents that publicize the budgetary choices of the MPF and, more specifically, the PR/RJ. Moreover, some managers of PR/RJ were interviewed, prosecutors (representing the endactivity) and functionaries that work more directly with the unit's budget.

Magister Legum - LLM / Kenya’s December 2007 Presidential elections sparked a wave of violent clashes over allegations of election rigging. The protests broke out along ethnic lines, causing greater civil unrest. There have been allegations that during these outbreaks of violence crimes against humanity were committed. This violence attracted world-wide concern and was universally condemned. Kenya is loathe to prosecute the perpetrators or those who bear the highest responsibility for the alleged commission of crimes against humanity. It has instead established a national investigatory mechanism, the Kenyan Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (hereafter TJRC). This approach adopted by Kenya has been criticized for the fact that it fosters a culture of impunity. However, the Prosecutor of International Criminal Court (hereafter ICC) has used his proprio motu powers to initiate an investigation of alleged commission of crimes that fall within the jurisdiction of the Court. This research paper has analysed the reasons for the proprio motu intervention of the ICC in Kenyan situation. It also examined whether Kenya was unwilling or genuinely unable to prosecute the perpetrators of the post-election violence of 2007. Furthermore, the paper evaluated the provisions of the Kenyan TJRC, the major shortcomings of the Commission and the challenges it is facing in fulfilling its mandate. In conclusion the paper analysed the relationship between TJRC and ICC and re-evaluate any role that the two bodies could play in dispensing justice in Kenya. But before that, the paper laid down the factual background that led to the proprio motu interevention of the ICC in Kenya where a truth commission had alreday been established. / South Africa

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-10T14:18:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelareisazevedodeoliveira.pdf: 1410995 bytes, checksum: 116c15f37e6fe891c3af47a5853ba1ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-10T14:45:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelareisazevedodeoliveira.pdf: 1410995 bytes, checksum: 116c15f37e6fe891c3af47a5853ba1ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelareisazevedodeoliveira.pdf: 1410995 bytes, checksum: 116c15f37e6fe891c3af47a5853ba1ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-15 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as ações do Ministério Público, em especial da Promotoria da Infância e Juventude, e dos Conselhos Tutelares para a garantia do acesso à Educação Infantil no município de Juiz de Fora – MG, que tramitaram entre os anos de 2009 a 2014. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, realizou-se a revisão da literatura sobre judicialização da educação, tendo como referência autores que discutem o processo no campo da Política e da Educação e ainda os resultados obtidos em dissertação de mestrado defendida pela pesquisadora e que impulsionaram a realização deste trabalho; revisão da literatura sobre federalismo, tomando autores como Fernando Abrúcio, Gilda Cardoso, Jamil Cury, entre outros, na expectativa de compreender a organização do Estado Brasileiro e as implicações na implementação de políticas públicas educacionais; e o estudos sobre a legislação e as políticas públicas para a educação infantil, tomando como referências centrais Sônia Kramer, Maria Malta Campos, Kuhlmann Júnior, entre outros, com o objetivo de compreender a evolução das políticas para esta etapa e que a fez uma das principais causas da judilização da educação. Posteriormente, procedeu-se à pesquisa de campo no Ministério Público, Secretaria de Educação e Conselhos Tutelares de Juiz de Fora. Analisou-se os livros de setenças da Vara da Infância e Juventude, os relatórios de atendimento dos Conselhos Tutelares do município, os dados de atendimento em Educação Infantil da Secretaria de Educação e, por fim, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com: dois promotores de justiça, dois secretários de educação, duas chefes de departamento de Educação Infantil e de suas duas supervisoras, com sete conselheiros tutelares e com um vereador da Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora. Com o desenvolvimento deste estudo, identificou-se um considerável déficit por vagas na etapa de creches; que há em Juiz de Fora uma desarticulação da Rede de Proteção Social da infância e Juventude; que o processo de Judicialização da Educação encontrou seu limite, tendo em vista as dificuldades de atuação dos Conselhos Tutelares e o entendimento do Poder Judiciário e do Ministério Público de que os esforços para ampliação do acesso à Educação Infantil estão sendo realizados pela Prefeitura/ Secretaria Municipal de Educação; e que, em vistas disso, outro ator tem insurgido para garantir o direito de acesso à Educação Infantil, o poder legislativo. / This study aims to analyze the actions of the Public Prosecutor‟s Office, in particular the Attorney for Protection of Childhood and Youth, and Tutelary Councils to guarantee access to education for children in the municipality of Juiz de Fora – MG, which were carried on between the years 2009 to 2014. For the development of the study, there was the literature review on Judicialization of education, with reference to authors who discuss the process in the field of Politics and Education and also the results obtained in master thesis defended by the researcher and that propelled the achievement of this work; literature review on federalism, taking authors like Fernando Abrúcio, Gilda Cardoso, Jamil Cury, among others, in the hope of understanding the organization of the Brazilian State and the implications on the implementation of educational public policy; and the studies on legislation and public policy for early childhood education, taking as central references Sônia Kramer, Maria Malta Campos, Kuhlmann Júnior, among others, with the goal of understanding the evolution of the policies for this stage and which made it one of the main causes of the Judicialization of education. Later, there was the field research in the Public Prosecutor's Office, Secretary of Education and Tutelary Councils of Juiz de Fora. Sentences books from the Court of Infancy and Youth were analyzed, the service reports from the municipality Tutelary Councils, the data availability in early childhood education from the Secretary of Education and, finally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with: two public prosecutors, two secretaries of education, two heads of department of childhood education and their two supervisors, seven tutelary counselors and advisers and a councilor of the City Council of Juiz de Fora. With the development of this study, a considerable deficit was identified for vacancies in the stage of children‟s nurseries; that there is in Juiz de Fora a disarticulation from the Childhood and Youth Social Protection Network; that the process of Judicialization of Education found its limit, in consequence of the operation difficulties of the Tutelary Councils and the understanding of the Judiciary Power and the Public Prosecutor‟s Office of that the efforts to expand access to early childhood education are being conducted by the City Hall/ Municipal Secretary of Education; and that, in result of that, another actor has emerged to ensure the right of access to early childhood education, the Legislative Power.