Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre plus général de la réalisation d'une prothèse visuelle, destinée aux personnes atteintes de cécité tardive due à une maladie dégénérative des cellules photo réceptrices de la rétine. Par la stimulation adéquate de certaines parties des voies optiques encore fonctionnelles, il est possible de transmettre à nouveau des perceptions visuelles, appelées phosphènes, dans le champ visuel du patient. Les études actuelles portant sur le contenu informationnel de cette vision prothétique proposent simplement de réduire la résolution de l'image d'une caméra embarquée. Notre étude propose une nouvelle approche basée sur le principe de la vision fonctionnelle, développée en collaboration avec les spécialistes de la rééducation fonctionnelle de l'institut ARAMAV. Par le biais de cette approche innovante, nous avons défini des méthodes d'extraction et de représentation des informations de la scène. L'objectif est d'améliorer l'autonomie en mobilité et de rendre possible la perception des expressions faciales. Pour évaluer la pertinence de ces propositions, nous avons développé un simulateur de vision prothétique, dont les paramètres sont basés sur les résultats d'essais cliniques. Pour la mobilité, nous mettons notamment en évidence l'intérêt de fournir un accès aux informations 3D, en substitution ou en complément de l'information de luminosité, ainsi que l'intérêt d'utiliser un oculomètre pour améliorer et faciliter la prise d'informations. Des expériences spécifiques à la mobilité, ainsi que certains résultats initiaux sont présentés. Pour la reconnaissance des expressions faciales, notre étude apporte la preuve que ces expressions sont correctement perçues si nous combinons des techniques de sélection de l'information et l'utilisation de certains prétraitements. / This work falls within the broader framework of visual prostheses conception, designed for people suffering from late blindness due to degenerative diseases of retina photoreceptor cells. By stimulating certain part of the optical pathway that is still functional, it is possible to elicit visual perceptions, called phosphenes, in the subject's visual field. Recent studies on the problematic of informational content of prosthetic vision propose, in majority, a simple reduction in the resolution of grayscale images acquired from a single head worn camera. Our study proposes a new approach based on the principle of functional vision, developed in collaboration with specialists in functional rehabilitation of the ARAMAV institute. Through this innovative approach, we have defined methods for extraction and representation of scene informational content, which aim to improve autonomy in mobility and to make possible the perception of facial expressio ns. In order to evaluate these propositions, we have developed a prosthetic vision simulator, whose parameters are based on clinical trials results. For mobility, we present the usefulness of providing access to 3D information, in substitution or in addition with brightness information and the usefulness of an eye tracking device to improve and facilitate spatial knowledge acquisition. Experiments dedicated to mobility as well as some preliminary results are presented. For the recognition of facial expressions, our study provides evidence that these expressions are correctly perceived if we combined information selection and specific image processing techniques.

Subject of this diploma thesis is a design of a prosthetic foot for an additive manufacturing. It is a dynamic foot made of plastic, designed for an 80 kg patient with a second level of a movement aktivity. From a few concepts is chosen one, which is then optimalized and printed with a MJF method. Functional sample is then undergoing static and cyclic tests according to ISO 10328.

This masters´s thesis deals with computational modeling of transtibial lower-limb prosthesis. For assesment of loading character and geometrical configuration, the gait analysis of an amputee, including ground reaction force measurement, strain gauge analysis and motion analysis, was accomplished. Information on geometry was obtained using 3D optical scanning procedure. Material model was gathered using non-destructive mechanical testing and mimicked in a FEA software. For loading conditions the static structure analysys using FEM was accomplished. The critical poins in construction was found. Recognition of agreement about experimental and computational model was accomplished.

This work describes design and realization of testing device for dynamic tests of foot prosthesis, made by methods of Rapid prototyping. Primary objective of design is to imitate the load on prosthesis during human gait. This task is accomplished by swing motion of prosthesis inside the frame of device during the loading of heel and tiptoe. Loading components can be removed and changed so the device can be used for different measurement like walking on an inclined plane. The result of this work is fully functional device including control program with many options to control the test. The result of test is to decide whether the foot prosthesis withstands the set of cyclic loads. The area of development of prosthesis by additive methods is young for the time being. It stands out especially with different materials, design, structure of prosthesis and fast process of production. Therefore this device can be used for testing of fatigue life of prosthesis made by additive methods.

The topic of this master’s thesis is design of human leg prosthesis for children. The thesis concerns own design of transbinal prosthesis for children that meet the basic technical, ergonomical and social requi¬rements and also brings a new look and shape as solution to the main topic. The infant incubator is designed in regard to modern materials and technologies.

Orientador: Paula Carolina Komori de Carvalho / Coorientador: Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza / Banca: Carolina Machado Martinelli Lobo / Banca: Eduardo Miyashita / Resumo: As reabilitações orais com próteses fixas na Odontologia passaram por grande evolução ao serem estabelecidos e firmados os conceitos de adesão química. A alta demanda estética desses tratamentos faz com que as cerâmicas que são materiais altamente biocompatíveis e com ótimas propriedades mecânicas, sejam amplamente utilizadas nas reabilitações orais. Nas próteses sobre implantes, o processo de cimentação de restaurações cerâmicas acontece sobre conexões metálicas em titânio (Ti), cobalto-cromo (CoCr) ou infra-estruturas personalizadas em zircônia (Zr). O processo de cimentação necessita de algumas etapas para promover o tratamento de superfície das restaurações indiretas e variam de acordo com a especificidade de cada substrato. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do tratamento de superfície em diferentes substratos de conexões protéticas utilizando primer e sistema adesivo universal contento o monômero funcional 10-MDP na resistência de união à cimento resinoso autoadesivo, por meio de teste mecânico de cisalhamento. Foram confeccionadas 120 amostras (n= 40 de Ti, CoCr e Zr) as quais foram incluidas em blocos de resina acrílica. As amostras foram subdivididas em 12 grupos (n=10), 3 grupos representam o controle e não tiveram a superfície tratada, os demais grupos tiveram a superfície tratada com primer monocomponente ou sistema adesivo universal contendo 10-MDP. Em seguida foi confeccionado um cilíndro de cimento resinoso (2mm de altura X 2,37mm de diâmetro) com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Oral rehabilitations with fixed prostheses in Dentistry had grown with great evolution when the concepts of chemical adhesion were established and signed. The high aesthetic demand of these treatments makes Ceramics, that are highly biocompatible materials and with good mechanical properties, widely used in oral rehabilitation. In implant prostheses, the process of cementation happens between ceramic restorations on metallic connections in titanium (Ti) and / or cobalt chromium (CoCr) or custom zirconia (Zr) infrastructures. During the cementing process of ceramic restorations some surface treatment steps are required, these steps varying according to the type of specific ceramics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface treatment on different substrates of prosthetic connections using primer and universal adhesive system containing 10-MDP functional monomer on bond strength to self-adhesive resin cement by mechanical shear test. One hundred and twenty samples (n = 40 Ti, CoCr and Zr) were made and included in blocks of acrylic resin. The samples were subdivided into 12 groups (n = 10), 3 groups represent the control and did not have the surface treated, the other groups had the surface treated with single component primer or universal adhesive system containing 10-MDP. Then a resin cement cylinder (2mm height X 2,37mm diameter) was made with the aid of a teflon device to measure the exact dimensions. Twenty four hours after the cylinders were made, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Background: The goal of the study was to evaluate the masticatory efficacy in patients who had been provided with resection prostheses after tumor removal in the maxillary/ mandibular region. These patients complained of impairment of masticatory function. Patients and Methods: 3 groups of patients were compared under clinical-experimental conditions. A uniform chewing material was masticated by the participants under standardized conditions. A sieving procedure was used to evaluate the masticatory efficacy. Analysis of the particle sizes and particle masses obtained was performed with the aid of computers. Results: The results showed that the masticatory efficacy of the patients with resection prostheses was the lowest of the 3 groups compared. The number of existing supporting zones and the location of the defect were found to be important influencing factors. Recording of the dietary habits of all patients was performed using a standardized dietary questionnaire. These data were analyzed using the corresponding software of the German Nutrition Society. With regard to the patients with resection prostheses, it was revealed that they often switched to food that did not require mastication. Conclusions: A nutritional guideline for patients with resection prostheses was developed, which is available for downloading free of charge on the Internet. / Hintergrund: Ziel der Untersuchung war die Prüfung der Kaueffektivität bei Patienten, die mit Resektionsprothesen nach Tumorentfernung im Kieferbereich versorgt worden waren. Diese Patienten klagten über eine Einschränkung der mastikatorischen Funktion. Patienten und Methoden: Unter klinisch xperimentellen Bedingungen erfolgte der Vergleich von 3 Patientengruppen. Unter standardisierten Bedingungen zerkleinerten die Patienten einheitliches Kaugut. Zur Bewertung der Kaueffektivität wurde ein Siebverfahren eingesetzt. Die Auswertung der ermittelten Partikelgrößen und Partikelmassen erfolgte computergestützt. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass im Vergleich der 3 Gruppen die Kaueffektivität der Patienten mit Resektionsprothesen am geringsten war. Die Zahl der vorhandenen Stützzonen des Restgebisses und die Defektlokalisation wurden als bedeutsame Einflussfaktoren ermittelt. Die Erfassung der Ernährungsgewohnheiten aller Patienten erfolgte mittels eines standardisierten Ernährungsfragebogens. Diese Daten wurden mit der zugehörigen Software der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung ausgewertet. Bei den Patienten mit Resektionsprothesen zeigte sich, dass diese auf Nahrungsmittel ausweichen, die kein Kauen erfordern. Schlussfolgerungen: Es wurde eine Ernährungsrichtlinie für Patienten mit Resektionsprothesen abgeleitet, die zum kostenfreien Herunterladen im Internet zur Verfügung steht. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Aseptic loosening of the components is probably the most common long-term complication resulting in failure of Total Hip Arthroplasty. The mechanical behaviour of bone under load is one of the contributory causes of loosening encountered at the prosthesis/cement/bone interface. The present study dealt with a series of invitro experiments conducted on epoxy resin models of human hemi-pelves with different commercially available acetabular components implanted in them. These are used for the construction of simplified models of the artificial hip joint (three-dimensional) and of the prosthesis/cement/bone acetabular interface (two-dimensional). Loading conditions for the models included tensioning of the simulated abductor muscles for the hemi-pelvic and femoral loading for the prosthesis/cement/bone interface study. The experimental method employed was real-time holographic interferometry, a stress analysis technique recently used in the biomechanical field, which permitted whole-field simultaneously inspection of deformation patterns. The holographic interferograms were interpreted in a qualitative rather than a quantitative manner. The models do not exactly represent the in-vivo situation. Since this study identified high stresses both in the hip bone as well as in the interface (prosthesis/bone) it is suggested that these stresses are implicated in the mechanical pathogenesis of loosening. The observed changes in stress levels detected in our models could serve as a guide for future designs of acetabular prostheses as well as guide a in surgical techniques.

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Transfemoral amputees around the world experience increased difficulty in climbing stairs due to lack of muscle, balance, and other factors. The loss of a lower limb greatly diminishes the amount of natural force generation provided that is necessary to propel oneself up stairs. This study investigated possible solutions to the problem of stair ascension for transfemoral amputees by the means of designing and developing an externally attachable device to a prosthesis. The number of amputations from military service has greatly increased since 2008, which shows there is a clear need for assistive devices (Wenke, Krueger, & Ficke, 2012). With the number of amputations rising and no current externally attachable products on the market to aid in stair ascension for transfemoral amputees, the need for this specific device has become more prominent. Research, previous work, and preliminary testing provided a basis for design and development of a new prototype. Bench top testing was conducted to review concepts in the prototype and provide data for further modifications. Results from testing of previous work, as well as testing of new concepts and modifications, provided a framework for designing a new externally attachable device for assistance in stair ascension. A new prototype was then designed, manufactured, and tested with bench models as well as real-time testing with amputees. Success of the device’s performance was based on bench top results and feedback from amputees, noting both the advantages and shortcomings of the new prototype. Testing provided results and feedback that the device was well built and functioned properly, but did not perform satisfactorily, particularly in the categories of force generation and balance.