published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

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The female condom has the potential to protect the health of millions of women at risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, as well as unwanted pregnancies. Increased use of the female condom and its positive impact on health is therefore substantial, particularly in the context of the growing feminisation of HIV/AIDS epidemic and high maternal mortality as well as high unmet need for contraception. However, female condoms in Swaziland do not seem to have attracted much attention. Using sex workers, this study aimed to explore the factors that facilitates and inhibits use of the female condom. Their main reasons for using the female condom were protection from sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy prevention. The qualitative interviews revealed that women like the female condom and prefer it over the male condom because it offers them more options and moreover they control its use. Other factors that facilitate its use include the fact that it can be inserted up to eight hours before intercourse and that it can be negotiated as a contraceptive. Partner objection, cultural and social beliefs, and limited availability served as barriers to the use of the device. Some women reported secret use, but a majority had to negotiate its use. Although women have to negotiate its use with their sexual partners, the fact that the female condom provides women with an independent method of protection that they can use on their own increases their ability to control their sexual health. The study indicates the potential benefits of female condom use in increasing protected sex acts. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Prostitucija – tai reiškinys, veikiantis kaip tam tikrų visuomenės problemų indikacija, atskleidžianti socialines, ekonomines, švietimo bei lyčių lygybės problemas ir parodanti, jog tam tikri veiksniai visuomenėje yra kritinės būklės. Vertinant prostituciją iš kriminologinės pusės pažymėtina, jog tai neigiamas visuomenės reiškinys, sąlygojantis didėjantį nusikalstamumą. Kadangi prostitucijos problema yra labai plati, apimanti ne tik moterų, bet ir vyrų bei vaikų prostituciją ir kitus su prostitucija susijusius reiškinius, todėl šiuo tyrimu siekiama iškelti naujų klausimų diskusijoms, aptarti, kokį problematikos spektrą apima pati prostitucija ir kuo svarbi gatvės prostitučių asmenybių charakteristika. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Pateikti prostitucijos sampratą ir charakteristiką. 2. Apžvelgti prostitucijos ištakas ir istorinę raidą Lietuvoje. 3. Išsiaiškinti prostitucijos, kaip socialinio reiškinio, problematiką. 4. Atlikti tyrimą apie Vilniaus gatvių prostitutes ir aptarti jų kriminologinę charakteristiką. Teisinėje literatūroje ir kituose informacijos šaltiniuose egzistuoja nema��ai prostitucijos sąvokų, tačiau tiksliai apibrėžtos ir įteisintos tam tikruose normatyviniuose aktuose nėra, todėl darbe buvo remtasi įvairių autorių ir šaltinių prostitucijos termino apibrėžtimis. Dažniausiai prostitucija įvardijama, kaip sistemingi lytiniai santykiai su įvairiais partneriais už materialinį atlyginimą, kuris yra vienintelis arba vienas iš pagrindinių pragyvenimo šaltinių, taip... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Prostitution is a phenomenon which acts as an indication of certain problems faced by the society, reveals social, economic, educational and gender equality issues and proves that particular factors in the society are in a critical status. From criminological point of view, the prostitution is considered a negative social phenomenon which further stipulates criminal rate. The issue of the prostitution is broad as it covers the prostitution of women, men and children as well as other prostitution related issues, therefore this research is aimed at raising new issues for discussion, presenting the scope of issues relating to the prostitution and the importance of personal characteristics of street prostitutes. The main tasks of the thesis: 1. present the concept and characteristics of prostitution; 2. review the origin of prostitution and its historical development in Lithuania; 3. examine the issues underlying the prostitution as a social phenomenon; 4. carry out a research on the street prostitutes in Vilnius and discuss their criminological characteristics. There is a number of definitions of prostitution presented in legal literature and other sources, however, no legal acts contain a thoroughly defined concept of prostitution. For this reason definitions of the term prostitution introduced by different authors and from different sources were used in this thesis. In most cases the prostitution is defined as systematic... [to full text]

<p>This mini-thesis seeks to provide a substantiation for the need for a new legal framework for South Africa in order to address prostitution. It will argue that the current legal framework has failed in its desired aims and in addressing prostitution effectively. This mini-thesis critically analyses the underlying reasons for prostitution in South Africa and discovers that it is influenced by a myriad of interrelated factors. The current level of poverty and the prevailing socio-economic paradigm in South Africa have contributed to its complex nature. The demand for prostitution acts as a catalyst for both the further exploitation of prostitutes and women, while making them vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases. I establish that criminalisation alone is not sufficient to address prostitution, especially given the HIV/AIDS epidemic.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Denise Donnelly, committee chair; Dawn Baunach, Charles Gallagher, committee members. Electronic text (86 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-77).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [280]-296).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 7, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-29).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-17Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000822807.pdf: 2490750 bytes, checksum: 63c6e64b9cfda3ae1e4468ed50ed6b8a (MD5) / Esta tese examina a imagem da personagem prostituta em Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets de Stephen Crane, publicado em 1896, focalizando os conceitos da crítica feminista na realização da leitura e interpretação da protagonista Maggie Johnson, o que significa ler a partir da experiência feminina de interpretação, atribuindo novos significados com essa nova leitura, considerando as imagens e estereótipos da mulher na literatura. Pressupomos que a personagem segue modelos de representação do feminino, tradicionalmente difundidos pela literatura, especialmente nas obras naturalistas, em que se elege a fallen woman como protagonista de diversas histórias de degradação e morte. Por meio do estudo feito sobre a mulher prostituta na literatura, fomos capazes de refletir a respeito da condição feminina, no século XIX, observando a incapacidade da personagem de se integrar socialmente, entre outros problemas acarretados pela vida degradada que experimenta. Moradora de cortiços, está retratada por Crane em um ambiente selvagem, nesse caso, na cidade de Nova York, em pleno desenvolvimento industrial. Apesar de ser personagem protagonista, o autor acentua o aspecto frágil e ingênuo da personagem, apresentando-a como se fosse intelectual e moralmente inferior, incapaz de atuar contra a fatalidade já predeterminada, realizando uma crítica da situação da mulher trabalhadora naquele contexto. Sabemos que o autor assume postura antagônica a de seus predecessores, românticos, e, por essa razão, caracteriza Maggie enfatizando os conceitos românticos na construção da personagem, no intuito de se opor às regras formais e ideológicas do Romantismo. A característica fundamental de Crane é a ironia presente na narrativa, em que as circunstâncias se mostram mais contraditórias revelando valores morais, do mesmo modo, conflitantes. Analisamos a representação da mulher marginal na literatura, bem como procuramos esclarecer alguns... / The thesis examines the image of the prostitute in Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets of Stephen Crane, published in 1896 focusing the concepts of feminist criticizes assumed to read and interpret the character Maggie Johnson. It reading from the female experience of interpretation, giving new meaning with this new reading. We assume that the character follows models of representation of women, traditionally widespreaded in the literature, especially in naturalistic works. They elect a fallen woman as the protagonist of several stories of degradation and death. Through the study on women prostitutes in the literature, we were able to reflect on the condition of women in the nineteenth century, noting the inability of the character to integrate socially, among other problems caused by life experiences that degraded. Resident of slums is portrayed by Crane in a wild and degrading environment, in this case, the city of New York, in full industrial development. Despite being the protagonist character, the author highlights the fragile and naive aspect of the character, presenting it as if it was morally and intellectually inferior, unable to act against the already predetermined fate, with a critical situation of working women in that context. We know that the author takes an antagonistic stance of his predecessors, romantics, and, therefore, characterizes Maggie emphasizing romantic concepts in building character, in order to oppose the ideological and formal rules of Romanticism. A key feature of Crane's irony in this story, which conditions are more revealing conflicting moral values, similarly conflicting. We analyze the representation of women in marginal literature and seek to clarify some stereotypes that served to represent the woman

Magister Legum - LLM / This mini-thesis seeks to provide a substantiation for the need for a new legal framework for South Africa in order to address prostitution. It will argue that the current legal framework has failed in its desired aims and in addressing prostitution effectively. This mini-thesis critically analyses the underlying reasons for prostitution in South Africa and discovers that it is influenced by a myriad of interrelated factors. The current level of poverty and the prevailing socio-economic paradigm in South Africa have contributed to its complex nature. The demand for prostitution acts as a catalyst for both the further exploitation of prostitutes and women, while making them vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases. I establish that criminalisation alone is not sufficient to address prostitution, especially given the HIV/AIDS epidemic. / South Africa