Univ., Diss.--Würzburg, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 213 - 238.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-211).

No description available.

No description available.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo dessa dissertaÃÃo de mestrado foi realizar um estudo sobre a histÃria de vida de duas acompanhantes de luxo, mulheres que encontraram no mercado do sexo o meio para ganharem dinheiro e assim administrar suas vidas. Para isso, analisamos as narrativas de histÃria de vida de duas acompanhantes, Mara (nome fictÃcio) e LetÃcia (nome de batismo), buscando a partir de suas narrativas, entender como foram suas vidas, quais os percalÃos que passaram atà tornarem-se quem sÃo nesse momento, como aconteceu o conflituoso processo de (re)construÃÃo de suas identidades, quais os personagens que representaram e representam em suas vidas, quais metamorfoses suas identidades sofreram. Atrelada a essa investigaÃÃo, buscou-se, a partir do referencial teÃrico de autores que discutem e dialogam com a proposta de uma Psicologia Social CrÃtica, analisar criticamente as histÃrias por elas contadas. Entre os principais autores utilizados destacam-se Ciampa (1987), com sua teoria da identidade-metamorfose, atualizada recentemente por Lima (2010); Honneth (2011, 2003), e sua discussÃo sobre Invisibilidade e Reconhecimento e Becker (2008). Nas anÃlises das entrevistas ficou evidente que, embora ocupando um espaÃo social diferenciado frente as demais profissionais do sexo, essas mulheres ainda sofrem preconceito e estigmatizaÃÃo social por representarem a personagem acompanhante de luxo. Do mesmo modo, evidenciamos as diferentes representaÃÃes dessa personagem para Mara e LetÃcia, a primeira vivendo a acompanhante de luxo de uma forma invisÃvel, negociando esta com suas outras personagens e gerenciando sua vida na base do segredo, a segunda, por outro lado, representa a personagem acompanhante de luxo de uma forma explÃcita, de modo a articulÃ-la com suas outras personagens e lutar por reconhecimento de sua profissÃo. LetÃcia busca o reconhecimento da sua identidade e luta pelo direito de ser reconhecida dignamente como uma mulher trabalhadora, autÃnoma, que tem o direito de utilizar seu corpo da forma como bem quiser. As narrativas de histÃria de vida de Mara e LetÃcia evidenciaram, alÃm das dificuldades e alegrias de suas atuaÃÃes enquanto acompanhantes de luxo, uma mundo que embora seja muito lucrativo e mobilize mulheres, mercado de moda, gastronomia, viagens, cirurgias plÃsticas etc., ainda à pouco (re)conhecida na esfera pÃblica. Do mesmo modo, as narrativas ensinam que embora possamos representar determinadas personagens que garantem nosso acesso a bens de consumo e estabilidade financeira isso nÃo significa que desejemos o reconhecimento dessa representaÃÃo e a integremos a nossa identidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sued Sheila Sarmento.pdf: 394093 bytes, checksum: e6c7b50e054ae67bf7d34591a07d558f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / O câncer de colo uterino é considerado um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, por ter um peso importante na morbidade e mortalidade de mulheres brasileiras. O teste de Papanicolaou, também conhecido como exame preventivo, é um dos principais meios utilizados para rastrear as alterações causadas por essa neoplasia, sendo a sua realização enfatizada em programas de saúde pública. Tendo em vista um aumento das taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero, apesar do aumento gradual da acessibilidade aos métodos de prevenção para esta patologia, questiona-se sobre o motivo da não realização deste procedimento por parte da população, em especial pelas profissionais do sexo, visto que estas mulheres estão expostas a maiores fatores de risco para esta patologia. Partindo desta preocupação, esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as representações sociais das profissionais do sexo, acerca do exame preventivo do câncer de colo uterino. Tratou-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa. Esse trabalho teve por base a idéia de que a prevenção para as mulheres em situação de prostituição ocorre através dos processos que vivenciam em seu cotidiano, incluindo as experiências de vida familiar e social. A maneira como elas compreendem e significam esses processos, contribui na orientação de suas práticas de saúde, dentre elas, a realização do exame preventivo do câncer de colo uterino. O locus do estudo foi o município de Juazeiro BA. A amostra foi composta por 14 mulheres e determinada ao longo da pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando as seguintes técnicas: associação livre de palavras, imagens mentais e entrevista semiestruturada, aplicadas individualmente, e na mesma ordem para todas as participantes. Os dados coletados foram analisados segundo a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, tendo como base a teoria das Representações Sociais. A análise dos dados da associação livre resultou nas seguintes categorias de respostas: o adoecimento do corpo, sentimentos aflorados, consequência/prevenção, família, procedimento e avaliação do exame. Os resultados das entrevistas foram organizados nas categorias: 1)o exame e a sua importância, a qual foi subdividida em duas subcategorias: a) prevenção e b) diagnóstico; 2) motivos que dificultam a adesão ao exame, que foi dividida nas subcategorias: a) acolhimento inadequado, b) falta de incentivo/proibição do parceiro, c) dificuldade no enfrentamento do exame. A partir da técnica de imagens mentais verificou-se que o exame preventivo é considerado pelas mulheres, principalmente, como um procedimento invasivo. A análise das respostas evidenciou a importância da realização do exame preventivo tanto para a prevenção de doenças, quanto para seu diagnóstico, principalmente o do câncer de colo uterino. Observamos também, que as mulheres percebem o exame como uma situação que gera sentimentos negativos que, na maioria das vezes, relacionam-se à vergonha, ao medo de doer, à possibilidade de positividade do resultado e ao desconhecimento do ritual do exame. As profissionais do sexo de Juazeiro BA representam o exame preventivo como algo necessário, importante, permeado de sensações desagradáveis, as quais podem dificultar/retardar a adesão ao mesmo. Muito se tem ainda a fazer pela saúde das mulheres no aspecto educacional, em especial no que diz respeito aos profissionais da área da saúde, para que estes sejam sensibilizados quanto aos aspectos subjetivos envolvidos no câncer e nos procedimentos inerentes ao processo de sua prevenção / The cervical cancer is considered a public health problem in Brazil, for having an important role in morbidity and mortality among Brazilian women. The Pap test, also known as preventive test, is one of the main methods used to track changes caused by this cancer, its application being emphasized in public health programs. In view of the increasing incidence and mortality rates due to cervical cancer, despite the gradual increase in accessibility to methods in preventing this disease, one wonders about the reason for not performing this procedure on the part of the population, especially by sex workers, since these women have greater risk factors for this disease. Based on this concern, this study aimed to identify the social representations of sex workers, regarding the preventive examinations for cervical cancer. It was a study of descriptive and qualitative approach. This work was based on the idea that prevention for women in prostitution occurs through the processes they experience in their daily lives, including family and social life experiences. The way they understand and signify these processes contributes to the guidance of their health practices, among which the implementation of preventive examinations for cervical cancer. The locus of the study was Juazeiro - BA. The sample comprised 14 women and determined throughout the study. Data collection was performed using the following techniques: free association of words, imagery and semi-structured interview, applied individually, and in the same order for all participants. The collected data were analyzed using Bardin content analysis, based on the theory of Social Representations. Data analysis of free association resulted in the following answer categories: the body falling ill, feelings manifested, consequence / prevention, family, procedure and evaluation of the examination. The results of the interviews were organized into categories: 1) the examination and its importance, which was subdivided into two subcategories: a) prevention and b) diagnosis, 2) reasons which hinder adherence to the examination, which was divided into subcategories: a) inappropriate reception, b) lack of incentives / partner forbiddance, c) difficulty in coping with the examination. From the imagery technique it was found that the screening test is considered by women, mainly as an invasive procedure. The analysis of answers highlighted the importance of performing the screening test both for the prevention of diseases, and for its diagnosis, especially cervix cancer. We also observed that women perceived the exam as a situation that generates negative feelings which, most often, are related to shame, fear of pain, the possibility of positive results and lack of understanding the ritual of the examination. The sex workers of Juazeiro - BA represent the screening test as something necessary, important, permeated with unpleasant sensations, which may hinder / delay adherence to it. Much has still to be done for the health of women in its educational aspect, especially with regard to health professionals so that they are sensitized about the subjective aspects involved in cancer and procedures inherent in the prevention process

Prostitution, sex in exchange for consideration, has never been illegal in Canada; however, activities surrounding prostitution have been criminalized in the Criminal Code. These prohibited activities include: working indoors (s. 210 keeping a common bawdy house), providing services to sex workers (s. 212(1)(j) living off of the avails of prostitution), and communicating in public for the purposes of prostitution (s. 213). In 2007 two former and one current sex worker, Terri Jean Bedford, Valerie Scott and Amy Lebovitch challenged the constitutionality of the above laws, arguing that they increased sex workers’ vulnerability to harm. Six years later on June 13th, 2013 the Supreme Court of Canada heard the landmark case Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford. Prior to hearing the case, the Supreme Court Justices read the submitted factums outlining the arguments of the appellants, respondents, and their interveners. The final decision was released on December 22nd, 2013 and the unanimous decision to strike down all three laws was made. Using a discourse analysis inspired by Michel Foucault, this study ‘unpacks’ the meanings that are constituted within the factums submitted to the Supreme Court regarding the people who engage in sex work and the institution of prostitution. The convergences and divergences within the discourses are presented. Drawing on these findings, while applying the work of Wedeking’s (2010) strategic legal framing alongside the governmentality perspective of risk, the tensions surrounding risk and choice are further explored. In doing so, the relationship between risk (taking/avoiding) and choice (making) is teased out. In this thesis I argue that risk and choice are strategically framed in the submitted factums to demonstrate the (un)constitutionality of Canada’s prostitution laws. Furthermore, I argue that both the appellants and respondents agree that risk avoidance is an acceptable self-governance strategy for sex workers, however they diverge on what they consider to be acceptable risk avoidance measures. The conclusion of this study discusses the decision of Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford to strike down the three prostitution laws and the subsequent introduction of the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act.

This study attempts to describe, through the combination of an interactional framework, an ethnographic semantic approach and an analysis of the folklore, the oral culture of female prostitute drug addicts and the forms of verbal exchange through which they appear to exercise some control over their socio-economic environment. The verbal transactions examined take place on and off the street, but always involve "street" participants: people whose business is on the street, where they casually meet friends and foes, where they make the initial contacts and contracts which lead to further transactions, and where they report finding an excitement and a pace of life they enjoy. Many of these transactions are described as "bullshitting": the flexibility of meaning of this term enables us to use it to indicate a variety of verbal exchanges among street people on the one hand, and between street people and "square Johns" on the other. In the first instance, it covers amicable greetings, small talk, anecdotes, gossip, jokes, warnings: didactic narratives and manipulative exercises whose function is to a large extent one of socialization. They serve as a stern description of the rules of behaviour among members of the street group and as means of integrating newcomers to the subculture of the street by describing the contrasting characteristics of "straight" and "street" culture members. In the second instance, speech acts serve mostly as an instrument of manipulation and exploitation. The most developed type of transaction examined is the one taking place between prostitutes and their customers, and the strategies developed to cope with problematic cases. The informants are also considered as drug addicts involved in non-prostitutional though exploitative transactions. As incarcerated informants, they are further involved in "interview transactions" based on firmly defined cultural boundaries between straight and street participants. The informants' perception of the two groups' contrasting worldviews, their lifestyles and opposite characteristics and attributes, give rise to the creation of endo- and exo-stereotypes which reinforce principles of inclusion and exclusion and regulate the pattern of straight and street interaction. Verbal transactions reflect the informants' understanding of their socio-economic environment, where economic survival rests on a profitable interaction with outsiders, and social survival rests on a cohesive interaction among themselves. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Unknown

In October 1995 representatives from ECPAT (End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism) visited several Eastern and Southern African countries. The purpose of the visit was to collect information on child prostitution and the impact of tourism on child prostitution and to assess whether to expand the ECPAT campaign to Africa. Although child prostitution in tourism did not presently appear to be a problem, child prostitution was found to be widespread. One common problem identified by ECPAT in all these countries visited was a lack of legislation to protect children from prostitution and a general helplessness in how best to address the issue. So the idea of a workshop, focusing on legal aspects, was bom with the aim to bring together stakeholders from the various countries to learn from each other’s experiences and begin to formulate responses to child prostitution and prevent child prostitution in tourism. The Network Against Child Labour (NACL) South Africa was able to organise a workshop with the financial support from Bread for the World. Participants from NGO’s and governments from Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa attended this first workshop on child prostitution in the region. Two international legal experts and advisers to ECPAT were present and partly facilitated the workshop, enriching our work with their expertise and world wide experience. The aim of the workshop extended beyond a focus on the legal aspects of child prostitution. Other specific purposes were networking, exchanging each other’s experience and achievements in order to develop strategies to combat child prostitution and finding a common ground for co-ordinated action. The Human Science Research Council (HSRC) provided a venue for the workshop and catered for the event. Dr. Willem Schurink from the HSRC organised, together with the Child Protection Unit from the South African Police, a tour to Johannesburg in areas were child prostitution is considered rife. This gave the participants an insight into the situation in South Africa’s largest city and “economic capital”. The two days of our workshop were intense and enriching. We all learned from each other’s experience and realised that there are many common problems that could be tackled with mutual support and advice in order to change legislation, policies and attitudes in the respective countries in the Eastern and Southern African region to ensure that the problem of child prostitution is declining and eventually eradicated. Continued networking and intensifying contacts will be part of our future efforts to combat child prostitution. The NACL wants to take this occasion to thank all participants for their efforts and contributions that made the workshop a success: Muireann OBrian and Denise Ritchie, who helped us in organising and facilitating. Thanks to our two volunteers, Rakgadi Masetlha and Tilman Rapp for the organisation of the workshop and especially to Dr. Willem Schurink of the HSRC, as well as to the funder - Bread for the World. With this publication we hope not only to reach stakeholders in South Africa and the region but to contribute our experience to world wide efforts to eradicate the degrading and often lethal practice of child prostitution by encouraging organisations and individuals to join a network in order to fight the problem.

Thesis submitted for fifty percent completion of the degree of Master of Management in the field of Public Policy at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 28 March 2017 / In South Africa, sex work is illegal, and sex workers have operated in the shadows for decades, although the profession has been around for centuries. Sex workers are marginalised and vulnerable which affects their power and authority to participate in public policy deliberations. Their ability to participate in community forums and public discussions about issues that affect them is limited mainly due to their lack of agency, social exclusion and stigma. Ultimately, their equality in the democracy they live is compromised due to social norms, cultural values and religion. This study investigated the barriers that sex workers face to participate in public policy making. This research was a basic interpretive qualitative study which was conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data was collected using structured and semi structured tools through focus group discussions with active sex workers and key informant interviews with policy makers, academics and legal experts. The data was collected and analysed through an exploratory lens that allowed a story to unfold and used people’s experiences to shed light on what these barriers were. The results from the study concluded that sex workers are in fact socially excluded within the communities they live and this exclusion fuels internal and external stigma. This structurally decreases their human and social agency and systematically excludes their voices, human rights, legitimate policy needs and opinions from public policy making processes within their communities. In order to address this structural disadvantage, an advanced form of behaviour change of communities, policy makers and public service personnel is recommended. / MT2017