Prostitution in the county of Jämtland - A qualitative study on the collaboration processThe purpose of the study was to analyse how the collaboration process work as regardsprostitution in the county of Jämtland between stakeholders (e.g. social services, police,women’s aid). The material for the study was gathered through three online-interviews andthree mail interviews. The basis for the analysis of the interview material was previousresearch within the framework of the subject, the theory of stigma and the feminist theories ofliberal feminism and radical feminism. The results were similar to the previous research'smain observation that there are no general action plans and routines to get a workingcollaboration. The results showed that they are still working with unofficial guidelines andaction plans and that the help vulnerable women get depends on the person who encountersthem. The stakeholders' general perceptions of where the problem lies is the societies view onwomen and prostitution and is therefore difficult to change for the stakeholders bythemselves. It also needs involvement from higher instances, for example the government. / SammanfattningStudiens syfte var att undersöka hur samverkansprocessen kring prostitutionen i Jämtlandslän såg ut mellan berörda aktörer (t.ex. socialtjänst, polis, kvinnojour). Studiens materialinsamlades genom tre online-intervjuer och tre mail-intervjuer. Det som låg till grund föranalysen av intervjumaterialet var tidigare forskning inom ramen för ämnet, teorin om stigmasamt de feministiska teorierna liberalfeminism och radikalfeminism. Resultatenöverensstämde med den tidigare forskningens huvudsakliga iakttagande om att det saknasgenerella handlingsplaner och rutiner för att få en fungerande samverkan. Resultaten visar attdet fortfarande arbetas med inofficiella riktlinjer och handlingsplaner och att den hjälp utsattakvinnor får är personbundet. Aktörernas generella uppfattning om var problematiken ligger ärsamhällsbilden av kvinnor och prostitution och är således svårt för aktörerna att endast självaförändra. Det ligger på så vis även hos högre instanser, till exempel regeringen.

Var tionde man i Sverige har någon gång köpt sex trots att detta är olagligt. Vill dessa män ha hjälp att sluta köpa sex, finns det begränsat med insatser som de kunde få. Syftet med denna studie var att få en överblick av vilken hjälp sexköpare i Dalarnas län, beläget i Sverige, kunde få på kommunal nivå vid studiens utförande. För att få en överblick intervjuades sex personer som var yrkesverksamma inom Socialtjänsten. Samtliga informanter ansåg att det fanns ett behov av att arbeta med sexköpare, men kommunerna hade olika uppfattningar om det är Socialtjänsten eller Regionen som hade det övergripande ansvaret över arbetet. / Every tenth Swedish man has at some point bought sex despite it being illegal. If these men wanted help to stop buying sex, there were few options. The purpose of this study was to get an overview of what kind of help sex buyers in the county of Dalarna, in Sweden, could get on a municipal level at the time of the study. To get the overview, interviews with six professionals in social services were conducted. All the informants agreed on that there was a need to work with and help sex buyers, but there were some different opinions on whether it was the social services or Region Dalarna (healthcare) who had the overall responsibility of the work.

Denna studie använder sig av ett socialkonstruktionistisk perspektiv i en innehållsanalys av konstruktioner av sexsäljare och sexförsäljning i ett urval av nyhetsartiklar från den svenska tidningen Aftonbladet och den nyzeeländska tidningen New Zealand Herald. De identifierade konstruktionerna analyserades med hjälp av stigma och andrefiering för att jämföra stigmat som produceras av konstruktionerna som fanns i tidningarna. Resultatet visade att anledningen till att sexsäljare börjar arbeta inom sexindustrin konstruerades i båda tidningarna som resultatet av ekonomisk, finansiell eller materiella problem. Medan Aftonbladet tenderade att konstruera dessa problem som något som tvingat sexsäljare att sälja sex, så tenderade New Zealand Herald att konstruera dem antingen som entreprenörer eller problemlösare.   Stigmatiserande konstruktioner av sexsäljare och sexförsäljning fanns i båda tidningarna, men konstruktionerna producerade stigma på olika sätt. I New Zealand Herald var de mest framträdande stigmat mot migranter som säljer sex, som framställdes som kriminella som stal pengar från legala sexsäljare. I Aftonbladet kretsade det tydligaste stigmat runt sexsäljares bristande kontroll och makt. Oftast framställdes sexsäljare i Aftonbladet som att de hade en oförmåga att lämna sexförsäljningen, och de sågs ofta som fast i händerna av en tredje part som pressade eller tvingade dem att sälja sex. Implikationer för det sociala arbetets praktik gällande mötet med sexsäljare diskuteras. Denna studie kan ge mer kunskap och vidare en medvetenhet om de stigmatiserande konstruktionerna som finns i det sociala arbetet kring sexförsäljning vilket kan leda till ett mer konstruktivt arbete och bemötande. Slutligen bjuder studien in till mer ingående forskning kring stigmatisering av sexsäljare samt hur socialarbetare kan motverka reproduktionen av stigmatiseringen av sexsäljare.

Notre sujet découle d’un vif intérêt pour la question du lien entre la littérature et l’Histoire. Nous cherchons à savoir comment l’écriture littéraire française fait la satire d’évènements ayant émaillé le cours de l’Histoire de l’Afrique francophone. Ensuite, le titre de notre travail exprime notre préoccupation pour la littérature française dépeignant ou évoquant l’Afrique francophone. Nous nous attachons à la manière dont certains écrivains français font la satire de l’Afrique francophone à travers les textes qui ont recours à la mimesis. De ce fait, une attention particulière fut accordée aux différents indices (l’espace, le temps, les personnages, l’esthétique) de représentation de l’Afrique francophone dans le roman français, et à l’histoire de l’Afrique francophone dans le roman français postcolonial. L’analyse de l’espace et des personnages a eu pour point d’ancrage les différentes figures de représentation de l’Afrique francophone, présentes, dans certains romans français contemporains. Quant à celle qui porte sur le temps, elle a eu pour ancrage l’analyse du temps narratif, de la narrativité, du jeu du narrateur. Nos hypothèses de recherche sont les suivantes : le jeu et le caractère des personnages, la description de l’espace et le temps, dans le roman français sur l’Afrique, sont-ils symptomatiques de l’Afrique francophone ? En quoi le style hérité des écrivains sud-américains participe-t-il à la représentation de l’Afrique francophone postcoloniale ? Quel est le rôle des figures de style dans le processus de narration ? Les auteurs français contemporains, en dépit des efforts consentis pour prendre leur distance les vues, les mentalités et les idéologies de l’époque coloniale, ne véhiculent-ils pas d’« anciens » clichés et stéréotypes dans leur représentation de l’Afrique ? En d’autres termes, le roman français contemporain n’est-il pas une continuité du roman colonial ? Par exemple, dans cette perspective, quels sont les rôles joués par l’emploi itératif de la boue et de la sexualité au sein de notre corpus ? / Our subject stems from a keen interest in the question of the link between literature and history. We seek to know how French literary writing satirizes events that have enamelled the course of the History of Francophone Africa. Next, the title of our work expresses our concern for French literature portraying or evoking Francophone Africa. We focus on the way some French writers satirize French-speaking Africa through texts that use mimesis. As a result, particular attention was given to the various indices (space, time, characters, aesthetics) of representation of French-speaking Africa in the French novel, and to the history of French-speaking Africa in the postcolonial French novel. The analysis of space and characters was anchored by the different representation figures of French-speaking Africa, present in some contemporary French novels. As for the one that deals with time, it was based on the analysis of the narrative time, the narrativity, the narrator's play. Our research hypotheses are as follows: the play and character of the characters, the description of space and time, in the French novel on Africa, are they symptomatic of French-speaking Africa? How does the style inherited by South American writers contribute to the representation of Francophone postcolonial Africa? What is the role of figures of speech in the narrative process? Do contemporary French authors, despite their efforts to distance themselves from the views, mentalities and ideologies of the colonial era, not convey?

Legal Regulation of Prostitution in the Czech Republic Abstract Prostitution and questions about its legal framework have accompanied humanity since time immemorial. For many centuries periods of prohibition, when prostitution was banned and prosecuted, alternated with periods of regulation, when prostitution was allowed within the legal framework on the territory of the present-day Czech Republic. Since 1992 an abolitionist approach to prostitution has been in place, meaning that prostitution is neither prohibited nor expressly permitted by law. The only regulatory element in the current concept of abolitionism is the power of municipalities to issue generally binding by-laws to ensure local public order. Using by-laws, municipalities are allowed to regulate or even ban prostitution from local public grounds. Since the establishment of the independent Czech Republic, several proposals have emerged with the objective to "solve" abolitionism, demanding a change in the legal approach either towards repression or, more often, towards the creation of legal framework. However, none of them has yet been adopted. This is partly because there is no general agreement on what is the right "solution" and partly because the adoption of prostitution laws is not in accordance with the Czech Republic's obligations under...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The goal of this study is to explain the basic social process of street prostitution from entrance to exit using Grounded Theory Methodology.

Master of Arts / Department of History / Sue Zschoche / In 1867, Abilene became the first of Kansas’ cattle towns. For the next two decades, Kansas would be the transfer point in bringing Texas cattle herds to market in northern cities, all facilitated by the expansion of railroad lines in the state. For town boosters, the cattle trade was a lucrative source of economic development. But as Abilene was soon to discover, the cattle trade also brought with it, literally, the “evils of the trade,” a whole sub-community of brothels, saloons, and dance halls. The arrival of that vice fostered immediate and often outraged citizen protests. Much of the history of cattle towns in Kansas is therefore the story of “respectable” citizens fighting the vice in their midst. This thesis examines Abilene, Kansas, in particular, and especially focuses upon one peculiar circumstance: Abilene was the only cowtown that ridded itself of vice by deliberately asking the cattle trade to leave. Abilene’s experience also reveals the mobility of the sporting community; prostitutes notorious in Abilene turned up in many other Kansas cattle town. This thesis therefore continues by examining this mobile sub-culture of prostitutes including their living conditions, their confrontations with municipal government, and the outrage they inspired wherever they went.

Prostitucija skirtinguose šaltiniuose yra traktuojama įvairiai. Vieni rašo, kad tai mainai, vykstantys tarp teikiančio seksualines paslaugas ir perkančio. Prostitucija yra neatsiejama nuo vyraujančios ekonominės situacijos valstybėje. Moterys į šią veiklą įtraukiamos įvairiais būdais ir dėl įvairių priežasčių. Vieni autoriai rašo, kad moterys nori gauti materialinės naudos ir dėl šių priežasčių parduoda savo kūną, tačiau yra ir kiti, kurie moteris prostitucijoje traktuoja kaip aukas. Visuomenė turi įvairią nuomonę šiuo klausimu, tačiau ką mano pačios moterys prostitucijos aukos, koks buvo jų gyvenimas, kaip ir dėl kokių priežasčių jos pateko į prostituciją. Todėl šio darbo tikslas yra atskleisti patekimo į prostituciją veiksnius, remiantis moterų biografiniais pasakojimais, ir nustatyti potencialius pagalbos būdus. Siekiant atskleisti moterų ir merginų patekimo į prostituciją veiksnius, buvo pasirinktas kokybinių duomenų rinkimo metodas – rašytinių gyvenimo istorijų analizė. Gyvenimo istorijos leido plačiau pažvelgti į prostitucijos aukų išgyvenimus, atskleidė net tik individualias patirtis, bet leido suprasti, kad kiekvienoje individualioje patirtyje slypi ir kolektyvinė patirtis. Tyrimo metu buvo išanalizuotos 15 moterų, prostitucijos aukų, gyvenimo istorijos. Moterų amžius nuo 16 iki 35 metų. Pasirinkta naratyvo strategija, leido giliau pažvelgti į tai, ką moterys išgyvena ir kaip jos tai nusako; kaip jos pačios supranta savo gyvenimą ir kaip interpretuodamos jį išreiškia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Different sources treat prostitution differently. Some of them write that this is an interchange between the person who gives sexual service and the one who buys it. Prostitution is closely connected with the prevailing economical situation in a state. Women are involved into this activity in different ways and for different reasons. Some authors write that women want to get some financial benefit and for this reason they sell their bodies. Whereas, others think that women are victims of prostitution. Society have different opinion of that question, thus, it is interesting to find out what women, the victims of prostitution, think about their former life, why they have got into such situation. Therefore, the aim of this work is to reveal the factors why women get into prostitution on reference to women's biographical stories and determine the ways of help. Seeking to reveal the factors, why women get into prostitution, the method of qualitative collection of data was chosen - the analyses of written life stories. The life stories enabled to glance at the experience of prostitution victims and revealed not only personal experience but also enabled understanding that each personal experience also hides corporate experience. Life stories of 15 women, prostitution victims, were analysed during the survey. Women are from 16 to 35 years old. The chosen strategy of narrative enabled to deeper look at women's feelings and the way they express them, how they understand their life and... [to full text]

The main aim of this interdisciplinary project is to examine attempts to codify sexual knowledge in Egypt between 1830 and 1928. Through surveying medical, religious, legal and moral writings on sexuality, this study aims to examine the underlying politics of sexual knowledge and the structures of permissions and prohibitions within which sexual knowledge was articulated in the period under study. The research recognizes that there are several sources that informed people about sexual behaviour in the period under study. However, the study is concerned only with a number of writings that imparted teachings about sex directly or indirectly to the growing literate middle class, and proceeds to discuss their authors and contexts. The study's main focus is the influence of medical and scientific conceptualization of sex differences on the understandings of gender and sexuality. In nineteenth-century Egypt, the study argues, professional medical authorities promoted medical theories that suggested men's innate active sexuality and inability to control their sexual urges. At the same time, professional Egyptian doctors increasingly projected women as mentally and physically fragile because of their reproductive cycle. Women were increasingly viewed as incapable of being sexually spontaneous. To remain healthy, women were advised to suppress their sexual desires to be satisfied only through marital sex. Through examining the interconnections between medical, legal, religious and moral discursive literature on sexual behaviour, this study brings into light the associations between sex, sexuality and the creation and recreation of gender. The study demonstrates that medical perceptions of male and female sexualities were at the core of moral and intellectual discourses on gender equality as well as religious opinions on sex-related issues. Since there was a multiplicity of ideological and activist stands on questions about sexuality and gender in the period under study, the study explores the variety of ways in which nationalists, feminists and religious scholars adopted, borrowed or negotiated with scientific and medical ideas on female sexuality to support their different views on contemporary controversial issues such as gender equality, polygamy etc. Medical and scientific ideas of male and female sexuality had a complex impact on discursive literature on gender and sexuality. On the one hand, they were employed to justify the continuity of patriarchy and the increasing male regulation of female sexuality. On the other hand, they strengthened arguments in support of the participation of women in public life.

In this era of globalization, human trafficking is emerging as a major theme, with rapid movement of information, capital and people across international borders. Despite the red alert over the issue, the crime of human trafficking remains highly unreported even in the most developed countries like United States of America. This silence over the issue in this country can be attributed to the lack of awareness about its prevalence in our own back yard and the measures available against it. This silence is further compounded by economic, social, cultural and psychological factors. Acknowledging the need to break the silence over this globalized issue, A Silent Cry is an interdisciplinary response in the form of a documentary film. It combines the strengths of cinema and anthropology attempting to humanize the data available on the phenomena. This document contextualizes the issue dealt in the documentary and along with an insight into its production process.