Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Antonio Carneiro Barbosa.pdf: 4079455 bytes, checksum: 5cb865e2d819e740485ed190124a3fc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Faust: the power of the myth. The myth has itself a transformation power. On it there is a prospect to restore or to destroy, because the myth has a particular characteristic that never let the things on way they are. So this is the Doctor Faust´s myth that the legacy plots like a construct of the modern man representation and at the same time it is an overpowered rage of rationality without heart and soul, property of our contemporary society. Its origins are perfectly searchingly, because it is about a modern myth and beyond that, the myth is alive and palpitate. The historic figure of Johann Georg Faust aggregates during the 16th Century in Germany that brings peculiar characteristic of men like Agrippa von Nettesheim e Paracelso, both alchemist and his contemporaries whose generated a legendary substratum of the myth. After the publication of Faustbuch (1587), a record is not totally veridical about the feat and profanity of Georg Faust, the incipient myth found its way to England bringing at this point personal traits from the Elizabethan wizard, the Doctor John Dee. From this blend between the German myth and the England wizard, it was born the literary Faust through the writing play between 1588 and 1589 by Christopher Marlowe, The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus. Popularized, the story achieved fame in the European market adapted for the puppets theater. And it was the way that the myth reaches the knowledge of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German poet. Author of Faust: a tragedy, parts I and II (1808 e 1832), Goethe was the responsible for the consolidation of the myth and to make it become universal, it was considered his highly exponent. One life dedicated for this work, the Goethe´s Faust was richly explored by Carl Gustav Jung, who was considerable part of his studies about archetypal psychology of unconscious. It is exactly the archetypal relation of the Doctor Faustus´s myth with the weberian model of Protestant rationality, with the contemporary religion of opulence, the motto of this dissertation. / Fausto: o poder de um mito. O mito traz em si poder transformador. Nele reside a possibilidade de restaurar ou de destruir, pois é próprio do mito nunca deixar as coisas do jeito como elas estão. Assim é o mito do Doutor Fausto, cujo legado urde como constructo da representação do homem moderno e, ao mesmo tempo, da fúria avassaladora da racionalidade sem alma e sem coração própria de nossa sociedade contemporânea. Suas origens são perfeitamente sondáveis, pois trata-se de um mito moderno e, mais, um mito vivo e pulsante. À figura histórica de Johann Georg Faust agregam-se, na Alemanha do século XVI, características bastante peculiares de homens como Agrippa von Nettesheim e Paracelso, ambos alquimistas e seus contemporâneos, gerando o substrato lendário do mito. Após a publicação do Faustbuch (1587), registro não totalmente verídico acerca das façanhas e profanidades de Georg Faust, o mito incipiente chega à Inglaterra agregando desta vez traços personais do mago elizabetano Doutor John Dee. Dessa mescla entre o mito alemão e o mago inglês nasce o Fausto literário por meio da peça escrita entre 1588 e 1589 por Chistopher Marlowe, A Trágica História do Doutor Fausto. Popularizada, a história ganha as feiras européias adaptada para o teatro de marionetes. E, foi assim nesse formato que o mito chegou ao conhecimento de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, poeta alemão. Autor de Fausto: uma tragédia, partes I e II (1808 e 1832), Goethe foi responsável pela consolidação e universalização do mito, sendo considerado seu principal expoente. Trabalho de toda uma vida, o Fausto de Goethe foi amplamente explorado por Carl Gustav Jung, fazendo parte considerável de seus estudos sobre a psicologia arquetípica do inconsciente. É justamente essa relação arquetípica entre o mito do Doutor Fausto e o modelo weberiano de racionalidade protestante, com a religião contemporânea da opulência, o mote deste trabalho.

My thesis argues for the significance of individual spiritual counselling within post-Reformation English Protestantism. In particular, it demonstrates the prevalence of pastoral letter-writing and explores the purpose and dynamics of these networks. This research represents the first large-scale, comparative examination of a frequently neglected topic. It draws on many little-known letter collections and a number of unexplored manuscripts, alongside some more familiar epistolary sources. Chapter one situates my research in relation to existing literature on individual spiritual counselling and confession. As a counterpoint to the scholarly claim that contemporary accounts of the post-Reformation ministry emphasise the centrality of preaching at the expense of almost all other pastoral functions, I demonstrate the importance which many divines attributed to directing individual consciences, as well as highlighting contemporary thought on the role of the laity as providers of religious counselling. Chapter two uses Nehemiah Wallington's manuscript volume of exemplary spiritual correspondence to demonstrate the importance of epistolary counselling in the ministries of several early modern clergymen. The second section of the chapter argues that Wallington's own engagement with epistolary counselling ultimately served to uphold ministerial authority. Chapter three investigates the spiritual letter-writing relationships of early seventeenth-century Protestant ministers and their gentry patrons and demonstrates the significant potential which existed for clergymen to exercise religious agency and influence with pious elites. Chapter four explores the authoritative and spiritually intimate correspondences in which Richard Baxter engaged with laypeople from across the social spectrum during the 1650s. Current knowledge of his counselling of the Derbyshire gentlewoman, Katherine Gell, is extended through an original reflection on the significance of networks of pastoral direction in early modern English Protestantism. Chapter five explores the nature of religious advice-giving amongst the laity and uncovers its pious motivations. This characteristically 'godly' activity is both compared and contrasted with contemporary clerical counselling.

Este trabalho discutiu a história religiosa do Brasil, especificamente em Pernambuco a partir do confronto entre católicos e protestantes, com o advento das primeiras atividades missionárias protestantes em Pernambuco no século XX. Enfrentou o obstáculo recorrente na investigação histórica no que refere aos embates da teoria historiográfica, sobre uma história política, das idéias, das mentalidades, da cultura, intelectual, mas o tema proposto era atinente a História da Idéias, referência adotada. A tese central deste trabalho é que a inserção do protestantismo em Pernambuco constituiu um conflito, e que este foi de caráter ideológico e não confessional, em torno de duas concepções distintas de estabelecimento da Ordem Social, ou da organização social. Para este fim buscamos mostrar que o protestantismo é uma concepção de mundo, um sistema ideológico (em sentido lato, conjunto de idéias), não apenas uma confissão religiosa ou sistema religioso. Assim sendo se objeto foi o protestantismo em Pernambuco, enquanto expressão sócio-política de um sujeito religioso, para responde ao problema acerca da forma como a emergência deste um novo sujeito, estabeleceu um conflito com o sujeito religioso estabelecido, o catolicismo romano. Responde-se o que aconteceu então? Com esta problematização demonstramos a identidade dos sujeitos investigados, a natureza do conflito, a configuração do conflito, e a. solução / acomodação do conflito. Concluímos então que embora sujeitos substantivamente 9 religiosos, conflitaram politicamente, reafirmando que o antagonismo gerado com a presença protestante e a conseqüente reação católica se deveu mais ao risco a ordem social do que a heterodoxia religiosa, de onde a crise que intitula o trabalho. / This work has discussed the religious history of Brazil, specifically in Pernambuco, from the confrontation between Catholics and Protestants, with the advent of the first missionary work Protestants in Pernambuco, in the twentieth century.

William Hale White "Mark Rutherford", (1831-1913) est avant tout connu comme auteur d'une autobiographie romancée écrite sous la pression d'une intense inquiétude spirituelle et métaphysique. Né à Bedford dans un milieu de dissidents non-conformistes, ses écrits ne se font pas seulement l'écho de l'expérience poignante de la perte de la foi et de l'irruption du doute religieux sous l'effet de la critique biblique et du développement de connaissances dans le domaine des sciences, mais ils mettent aussi en évidence avec beaucoup de subtilité le très grand fractionnement du paysage religieux anglais dans une petite ville de province. White ne se considéra jamais comme un professionnel de l'écriture. Il avait cinquante ans lorsqu'il publia The Autobiography (1881) puis The Deliverance (1884), deux courts récits qui constituent lřhistoire fictionnalisée de son expérience personnelle dans lesquels il décrit les difficultés rencontrées par le narrateur-personnage principal dans son désir de trouver une forme de « délivrance » qui lui permette de refonder ses certitudes ébranlées en redonnant à son existence une orientation rassurante et clairement définie. Ce travail accorde une large place à l'histoire des idées religieuses et intellectuelles, aux relations entre religion et culture ; il s'efforce de reconstituer certains aspects du paysage religieux et idéologique de l'époque victorienne à partir de la prise en compte de l'itinéraire de White, qui est entièrement placé sous le signe de la rupture avec les formes les plus traditionnelles de croyance. Il s'intéresse aussi à la dimension sociale, culturelle et éthique des débats spirituels et religieux en Grande-Bretagne. / William Hale White "Mark Rutherford" (1831-1913) is best known as the author of a fictionalized autobiography written under the pressure of intense spiritual and metaphysical concerns during the Victorian period. Born in a non conformist background in Bedford, his writings not only mirror his loss of faith and the Victorian crisis of doubt triggered by Biblical criticism and the new developments in sciences at the time, but they also highlight with great subtlety the varied religious and political landscape in an English country town. White did not consider himself as a professional author. He was fifty when his first works were published. In his fictional autobiographical writings, The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford (1881) and Mark Rutherford's Deliverance (1884), William Hale White describes the agonies of religious doubt in the mid-19th century. This dissertation is not only a study of White's work and background, but also a study of the history of intellectual and religious ideas, as well as an analysis of the social, cultural, ethical and religious debates in Great Britain. The intellectual and historical approach of this work discusses the debates between culture, religion and ethics in the Victorian period.

Les conditions d’exercice du ministère pastoral dans la France réformée du régime de l’édit de Nantes (1598-1685) sont encore mal connues. Le cas précis de Paul Ferry (1591-1669), pasteur à Metz de 1612 à sa mort, permet d’entrer dans le monde des « ministres de la Parole de Dieu » au XVIIe siècle. Cette étude tente d’approcher l’analyse des formes et des modèles de la carrière pastorale. Ils sont religieux et confessionnels bien sûr, mais également politiques, sociaux, culturels et intellectuels. Perceptibles à plusieurs échelles, les contours du ministère s’observent localement, mais également à une échelle nationale, voire internationale, grâce à un exceptionnel réseau de correspondance. Le ministre, type de clerc radicalement différent du prêtre catholique, doit toujours assurer les fidèles de leur Salut dans leur foi, surtout par la prédication, mais aussi par l’administration des sacrements et par l’acculturation, en tentant d’imposer la morale et la discipline réformées. Même la vie « privée » du pasteur est une modalité d’édification de son troupeau et donc une action pastorale. Il doit en effet donner l’exemple d’une bonne vie chrétienne, notamment parce qu’il n’est plus ontologiquement différent des fidèles depuis la révolution du sacerdoce universel. Il agit également en défenseur de sa communauté en se muant en guide politique et en porte-parole de son Église, notamment face à la controverse catholique et face aux pouvoirs, mais aussi en historien, en écrivain, ou en directeur de collège. Par toutes ces diverses fonctions assumées au nom de son ministère, Ferry constitue un modèle, parfois contesté, de pasteur sous le régime de l’édit de Nantes. / Relatively little is known about the way the pastoral ministry was exercised in France during the period of the Edict of Nantes (1598-1685). The case of Paul Ferry (1591-1669), who became pastor at Metz in 1612 and remained there until his death in 1669, makes it possible to enter into the world of the « ministers of the Holy Word » in the seventeenth century. This study attempts to analyze the forms and models of the pastorate. These are not only religious and confessional, but also political, social, cultural and intellectual. The impact of the minister could be felt at different levels, ranging from the local to the national and, due to an exceptional network of correspondence, even to the international. The Reformed pastor, a cleric who differs radically from the Roman Catholic priest, has the duty continually to reassure the members of his congregation in their faith and about their salvation. He does so especially in the preaching, but also in the administration of the sacraments, and as well as by way of acculturation in imposing Reformed morals and discipline on his flock. Even the « private » life of the pastor can be considered as a form of edification, and therefore as a pastoral act. It is the pastor’s duty to give an example of the good Christian life, especially since with the Reformation’s emphasis on the priesthood of all believers he is no longer ontologically different from his congregation. The pastor can also assume the role of protector of his congregation as a political guide and church spokesman, in particular in face of Catholic polemics and powers, or else the role of a historian, writer, or rector to a collège. In that Ferry assumed all of these functions by virtue of his position as minister, he can – notwithstanding the opposition he at times encountered from within his own consistory – be considered a model of those pastors who exercised their ministry under the Edict of Nantes.

L'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier les moyens par lesquels, au cours les deux dernières décennies, les discours qui utilisent des références ethno-raciales ont été opérationnalisées par quelques segments religieux (du protestantisme, du catholicisme et du candomblé) représenté dans ce travail engagés dans la promotion des activités qui mettent en évidence les différences ethno-raciales parmi les fidèles et qui articulent, avec les institutions politiques et religieuses un traitement différent, en vue d'effectuer des stratégies religieuses et socio-politiques. Ces agents religieux disputent le pouvoir de définir "l’identité noire" vis à vis leurs hypothèses doctrinales. Par conséquence, chercher du capital symbolique les amène à conserver parmi leur clientèle un segment spécifique de la société brésilienne et au même temps, les autorisé à énoncer un discours dans l'espace publique sur les politiques ethno-raciales. Et ceci parce qu’ils entendent qu’est du métier de la religion la définition du terme "négritude" aussi que et ses politiques. Les chefs religieux présélectionnent part des institutions qui articulent les actions politiques et religieuses comme l’Aliança de Negros e Negras Evangélicos do Brasil (ANNEB), la Pastoral Afro-brasileira, le Núcleo de Diálogo Bilateral Candomblé-Católico (DCC) et l’Instituto Nacional da Tradição e Cultura Afro-Brasileira (INTECAB). Les catégories "negritude", "identité noire" et "culture noire" seront problématisées au long de ce travail. Ainsi, nous avons l'intention de ethnographier les conflits politiques et religieux qui gravitent autour de ce sujet, dans leurs champs et dans leurs relations les uns avec les autres. / The objective of this research is to examine the manners by which, in the last two decades, the discourses that are used as ethnic-racial referential have been operationalized in some religious segments: Protestantism, Catholicism and Candomblé. This research will focus on the leaders engaged in the promotion of the activities that highlight ethnic-racial differences amongst devotes, who articulate along with political and religious institutions specific treatment to carry out religious, political and social strategies. The religious agents in question dispute for the authority to define a "black identity" from their doctrinaire points of view. Thus, they search to raise symbolic capital to maintain their clients close to a specific part of the Brazilian society and, at the same time, to be legitimate to enunciate a discourse in the public sphere about ethnic-racial policies, once the religions would also be articulators in the construction on the "negritude". The chosen religious leaders are part of the institutions that articulate politic and religious actions, such as the Aliança de Negros e Negras Evangélicos do Brasil (ANNEB), the Pastoral Afro-brasileira, the Núcleo de Diálogo Bilateral Candomblé-Católico (DCC) and the Instituto Nacional da Tradição e Cultura Afro-brasileira (INTECAB). Categories as "negritude", "black identity", and "black culture" will be taken as native categories and discussed during research. Thereby we pretend to map the political and religious disputes that occur about this topic, within its own fields and in the relationship among them. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar os modos pelos quais, nas duas últimas décadas, os discursos que se utilizam de referenciais étnico-raciais vem sendo operacionalizados por alguns segmentos religiosos (protestantismo, catolicismo e candomblé) representados neste trabalho por lideranças engajadas na promoção de atividades que ressaltam diferenças étnico-raciais entre os fiéis e articulam, junto às instituições políticas e religiosas, tratamentos diferenciados, com vistas à efetivação de estratégias religiosas e político-sociais. Os agentes religiosos em questão disputam pela autoridade em definir a "identidade negra" a partir de seus pressupostos doutrinários. Dessa forma, busca angariar capital simbólico, para manter sua clientela junto a um segmento específico da sociedade brasileira e, ao mesmo tempo, ter legitimidade em enunciar um discurso na esfera pública acerca das políticas étnico-raciais, uma vez que seriam as religiões também articuladoras na construção da "negritude". As lideranças religiosas pré-selecionadas fazem parte de instituições que articulam ações políticas e religiosas como a Aliança de Negros e Negras Evangélicos do Brasil (ANNEB), a Pastoral Afro-brasileira, o Núcleo de Diálogo Trilateral Candomblé-Católico-Umbanda (DCCU) e o Instituto Nacional da Tradição e Cultura Afro-Brasileira (INTECAB). Categorias como "negritude", "identidade negra" e "cultura negra" serão vistas como “nativas” e problematizadas ao longo do trabalho. Assim, pretendemos mapear as disputas políticas e religiosas que se dão em torno desse tema, no interior dos seus campos e na relação deles entre si.

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Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle, selon sa logique centralisatrice, la politique louis-quatorzienne à légard des protestants vise à les réunir au catholicisme, en usant de mesures discriminatoires et de violence dès le début des années 1680. LÉdit de Nantes est révoqué en 1685 et tout exercice de la religion protestante est interdit dans le Royaume. La plupart des huguenots abjurent tandis quune partie dentre eux se lance sur les chemins de lexil, malgré linterdiction qui en est faite. Cette diaspora crée ce que les historiens ont appelé le Refuge. Le contexte religieux troublé de la fin du XVIIe siècle et lexpérience de lexil comptent pour une grande part dans lexploitation dun imaginaire comme refuge. Il ne sagit pas ici du Refuge dans sa dimension concrète, mais dun refuge intellectuel, dun refuge virtuel, véritable échappatoire à une réalité difficile. La thèse soutient en effet que les utopies et les prophéties écrites par des réfugiés huguenots offrent évasion et compensations aux auteurs en construisant un monde imaginaire posé comme irréalisable dans le monde réel. Pour établir la pertinence et la justesse de cette thèse, létude se propose de démontrer les trois points suivants. Il sagit dabord de prouver lintérêt de réunir au sein dune seule et même recherche deux types de sources qui peuvent apparaître, au premier abord, très éloignés lun de lautre. Il faut ensuite justifier la pertinence de la réinsertion de ces écrits dans un contexte protestant français. Le travail vise enfin à convaincre de lintérêt de la démarche historique pour traiter de textes mettant en place un univers fictionnel. Si lassociation dutopies et de prophéties peut être justifiée dun point de vue théorique, cest surtout linsertion de ces deux types de sources dans le cadre méthodologique dune étude sur limaginaire qui donne toute sa cohérence au corpus. De part et dautre, il y a en effet mise en place dun imaginaire qui se construit comme refuge en réaction, notamment, à un contexte de référence commun et à une expérience de vie marquée par lexil et par la marginalité. La réunion de ces deux genres littéraires, qui constitue lune des originalités de létude, savère très enrichissante. Elle permet dune part de faire émerger des représentations semblables, parfois de mieux les comprendre et de leur donner un sens nouveau. Lintérêt de la comparaison consiste dautre part dans la mise en évidence des spécificités de chaque genre. Létude de la réception des textes et de lhistoriographie qui leur a été consacrée, principalement dans les cinquante dernières années, révèle le peu dintérêt accordé à une réinsertion de ces utopies et prophéties dans lhistoire du protestantisme français et plus particulièrement du Refuge. Or une lecture attentive des sources montre quelles portent lempreinte du calvinisme et prouve quelles sont profondément ancrées dans un contexte religieux troublé, marqué par la Révocation et ses conséquences. La démarche, consistant à donner sens aux imaginaires utopique et prophétique en tenant compte de cette situation historique et cherchant à y voir une réponse originale des auteurs est donc tout à fait pertinente. Limaginaire présente, pour lhistorien, un intérêt dans son rapport au réel. Il sen inspire, le reflète assez fidèlement sur certains points, sen détache fortement sur dautres. Cette relation au réel permet de déterminer le regard porté par les auteurs sur le monde qui les entoure et la façon dont ils sy perçoivent. Elle démontre aussi que les imaginaires utopique et prophétique ne sont pas transposables dans la réalité. Une frontière infranchissable, marquée par un décalage spatial et chronologique, les sépare en effet du monde réel. Par contre, face au contexte troublé et difficile, limaginaire représente clairement une voie dévasion, tout en constituant souvent un moyen de redéfinir son rôle dans la société et dy trouver une raison dexister.

In this thesis I compare the views of Joseph de Maistre and Fyodor Dostoyevsky with regard to the relation between modernity and the theologico-political problem. I integrate this comparison within the general context of the reflection concerning modernity and the theologico-political problem, as well as within the context of two Christian theological traditions, Catholic and Orthodox, on the basis of which the two authors develop their religious and political thought. In particular, I analyze the views of the two authors with regard to the origins and the defining traits of modernity. Likewise, I present their opinions concerning the consequences which are inherent in the modern project. Viewing modernity first and foremost as an attempt to build a secular world that would define itself by its opposition to what both authors regard as authentic Christianity, Maistre and Dostoyevsky emphasize the fact that, having theological origins that mark the totality of its becoming, modernity should be understood on the basis of a theologico-political reflection. Associating the modern ambition to build a secular world with the fate of the biblical Tower of Babel, both authors adopt a prophetic posture, announcing the collapse of the modern project as well as the ultimate eschatological resolution of the modern crisis. Yet, the two authors are differentiated by their interpretations of the relation between modernity and the theologico-political problem, identifying differently the theological origins of the modern crisis. In this sense, while according to Maistre modernity originates in the Protestant Reformation, for Dostoyevsky, modernity’s origins must be located in the transformations of Western Christianity that have finally lead to the latter’s separation from Eastern Orthodoxy. These differences of interpretation lead to the articulation of two different responses to the modern crisis, which are rooted in two different Christian theological traditions. Consequently, if in reaction to the modern crisis Maistre affirms the Catholic principle of authority, whose highest expression is the concept of papal infallibility, Dostoyevsky opposes to this crisis the Orthodox principle of brotherhood in Christ. The critique of modernity culminates in the thought of the two authors with an approach of the complex and troubling problem of theodicy, which, Maistre and Dostoyevsky believe, stands at the origin of the modern opposition to Christianity and its traditional institutions.

The Protestant community is articulated through liturgy, history, and drama. Liturgy teaches communal bonds and scripts their enactment, while narrative and dramatic depictions of the collective past appeal to the imagination of readers and viewers. Liturgy and literature are joined by the participation they invite, which engages parishioners, readers, and audiences with questions of affiliation and collectivity. Lack of attention to the ways Renaissance texts pondered over and produced bonds of commonality has sidetracked us from the communal nature of the period. We need to reevaluate such bonds to better understand how English culture imagined relationships between individual and community, and between people and institutions---including church and theatre. When orthodox writing is treated as doctrine and praxis, and not as a means for political indoctrination, we gain a different understanding of the potential for human relationships, one more generous and reciprocal than the model of coercion that has dominated literary studies. Such reciprocity is found in Church of England liturgy, and in the imaginative space of Foxe's Acts and Monuments, which seeks to forge the Protestant community through an ethics of reading. Imaginative space was also a public space, and Shakespeare's King John and Marlowe's The Massacre at Paris reflect upon religious affiliation in moments of war and atrocity; both plays represent very tangled lines of identification that do not endorse Catholic-Protestant factions but undo them. Religious writing and public theatre explored the precarious balance between community and individual, offering readers and audiences a vehicle for thinking about their own immediate lives and their sense of belonging.