O conceito de resiliência foi adaptado às ciências humanas como a capacidade do indivíduo responder positivamente às adversidades da vida, relacionando-se com a família e a espiritualidade. Considerando a espiritualidade como o que confere significado a existência e o seu potencial em promover a resiliência para o enfrentamento de dificuldades, como as mudanças decorrentes do envelhecimento, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo, cujo objetivo foi: compreender a resiliência e a espiritualidade na reorganização da família frente ao envelhecimento. Procurou-se ainda, conhecer a condição socioeconômica, cultural, a composição familiar, as mudanças que ocorreram na dinâmica familiar e as estratégias de enfrentamento do idoso e sua família, frente ao envelhecimento. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, prospectivo, sob os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa. Em entrevista, aplicou-se um questionário com dados socioeconômico e questões norteadoras para apreender os significados do envelhecimento para o idoso e seu familiar. Foi elaborado um genograma, seguido da aplicação do Mini-Mental, Índex de Katz, Escala de Depressão de Yesavage. Inicialmente foi mapeado 294 idosos residentes no território atendidos por uma equipe de saúde da família de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do bairro do Teotônio Vilela, município de São Paulo. Dentre estes, foram entrevistados 23 idosos e igual número de familiares, totalizando 46 indivíduos. Os discursos foram analisados com auxílio do programa WebQDA 2.0 e da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Dos idosos entrevistados, 78,3% residiam em domicílio próprio, com pelo menos mais um familiar. A Unidade de saúde é utilizada por 69,6% dos idosos. Dos idosos, 91,3% foram mulheres, 43,5% tinham entre 71 e 80 anos, maioria católicas, aposentadas e com renda entre um a três salários mínimos O Mini-Mental, revelou que 34,8% dos participantes tinham pontuação considerada normal e o aspecto emocional, avaliado pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage mostrou 26,1% com pontuação sugestiva de depressão. Pelo Índice de Katz, 87,0% dos idosos foram classificados como independentes. Os familiares eram em sua maioria do sexo feminino (82,6%), filhas e acima dos 50 anos. Os discursos revelaram que entre as mudanças individuais decorrentes do envelhecimento, as mudanças cognitivas e físicas impactaram no aumento da dependência e na condição socioeconômica da família. A família, a confiança e os vínculos estabelecidos foram responsáveis por dar sentido à vida dos idosos. A espiritualidade esteve presente significando a existência e em alguns casos, foi expressada através da religiosidade e de sentimentos de felicidade, promovendo a resiliência. Compreendendo a espiritualidade como o que dá sentido a vida e a resiliência como a força advinda da superação das adversidades, conclui-se que não há como ser resiliente sem sentido ou motivo para viver. A enfermagem tem o objetivo de oferecer cuidados holísticos ao ser humano. A família, a comunidade e as relações que o indivíduo estabelece ao longo da vida interferem no modo de viver e encarar as adversidades. Compreender o idoso inserido neste contexto pode potencializar os vínculos estabelecidos entre os pacientes, a família e a equipe de enfermagem, favorecendo a adesão aos tratamentos e a promoção de saúde. / The concept of resilience has been adapted to the human sciences as the ability of an individual to respond positively to the adversities of life, relating with family and spirituality. Considering spirituality as what concedes meaning to the existence and its potencial in promoting resilience to the coping of difficulties such as the changes that result from aging, the present study was developed, which objective has been: to comprehend resilience and spirituality in the family reorganization facing the aging process. It was tried, to know the socio economical and cultural conditions, family composition, the changes that occurred in the family dynamics, and the strategies of coping, of the elder and their family, with the aging process. It was made a descriptive, prospective, study of the assumptions of the qualitative research. In interview, it was applied a questionary with socio economical data, and questions guiding to the apprehension of the meanings of aging to the elder and their family. It was elaborated a genogram, followed by the application of the Mini-Mental, Katz Index, Yesavage Scale of Depression. Initially it was mapped 295 elders residents of the territory attended by a family health team of Basic Health Unit, of Teotonio Vilela neighborhood, in the city of São Paulo. Amongst these, 23 elders were interviewed, and the correspondent number of families, totalizing 46 individuals. The answers were analyzed with the help of WebQDA 2.0, and the technique of content analysis. Of the interviewed elders, 78,3% lived in their own property, with at least one more relative. The health Unit is used by 69,9% of the elders. From the elders, 91,3% were women, 43,5% were between 71 and 80 years old, a majority of catholics, retired and with an income between one and three minimal wages. Mini-Mental revealed that 34,8% of participants had punctuation considered normal, and the emotional aspect, evaluated by Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, has shown that 26,1% had punctuation suggesting depression. By Katz Index, 87% of the elders were classified as independents. The families were in their majority women (82,6%), daughters and above 50 years old. The answers revealed that among the individual changes incurring from the aging process, the cognitive and physical changes affected in the increasing of dependency, and the social economical condition of the family. The family, its confidence and the stablished bonds were responsible for giving meaning to the elders lives. Spirituality has been present, giving meaning to the existence, and in some cases, has been expressed through religiosity and feelings of happiness, promoting resilience. Comprehending spirituality as what gives meaning to life and resilience as the strength arising from overcoming adversities, it has been concluded that there is no possibility of being resilient without a reason or motivation for living. Nursing has the objective of offering holistic care to the human being. Family, community and the relations that an individual satellites throughout life interfere in the way of living and facing adversities. Comprehending the elder in this context may power the bonds stablished among patients, family and the nursing team, favoring the accession to the treatments and health promotion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renata carret.pdf: 616667 bytes, checksum: 796dbfd2472d58290a6a95b78ef71772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-06 / Objective: To analyze the impact of living with early trauma and the resilient coping capacity regarding the severity of depressive symptoms in young people. Methods: Transversal study with youngsters aged 18 to 29 years. A convenience sampling was the technique used from June 2010 to March 2011. Young people with clinical diagnosis of depression who looked for psychotherapeutic assistance to reduce depressive symptoms were included in the study. Results: One hundred and ten young adults were evaluated. A negative correlation was observed between the resilience score and the severity of depressive symptoms in the general sample (r = -0.208; p = 0.029). A correlation was found between the score of resilience and the severity of depressive symptoms among the young people with a history of early trauma (r = -0.276; p = 0.044), however, among those with no traumatic experiences, there was no statistical association (r = -0.128; p = 0.386). Limitations: Retrospective report to verify early trauma experiences, in addition, the sample comprised only individuals with a depression diagnosis. Conclusion: Resilience represents a protection factor for the individuals who have experienced an early trauma, and decreases the severity of depressive symptoms / Objetivo: Verificar o impacto das vivências de trauma precoce e da capacidade de resiliência na severidade de sintomas depressivos em jovens com diagnóstico de depressão. Método: Estudo transversal com jovens de 18 a 29 anos. A seleção amostral foi realizada por conveniência, no período de Junho de 2010 a Março de 2011. Foram incluídos no estudo jovens com diagnóstico clínico de depressão que buscaram atendimento psicoterapêutico breve para a remissão de sintomas depressivos. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 110 jovens. Encontrou-se correlação negativa entre o escore de resiliência e a severidade dos sintomas depressivos na amostra geral (r=-0,208; p=0,029). Entre os jovens com história de trauma precoce houve uma correlação entre o escore de resiliência e a severidade dos sintomas depressivos (r=-0,276; p=0,044), no entanto, entre os jovens sem vivências traumáticas não encontrou-se a mesma associação estatística (r=-0,128; p=0,386). Limitações: Relato retrospectivo para verificar vivências de trauma precoce, além da amostra ser composta somente por indivíduos com diagnóstico de depressão. Conclusão: A resiliência representou um fator de proteção entre indivíduos que sofreram trauma precoce, indicando atenuar a severidade dos sintomas depressivos

Estudos que avaliam condições de risco para o desenvolvimento infantil têm incluído a depressão materna no conjunto de variáveis preditoras de desfechos negativos por parte das crianças. A compreensão sobre o impacto das condições de risco, sob a perspectiva da psicopatologia do desenvolvimento, coloca em foco a relevância das condições de proteção como elementos que concorrem para os desfechos. Verifica-se, na literatura, que poucos estudos sobre o impacto da depressão materna para as crianças abordam condições de risco e proteção, definidas a priori. O presente estudo se insere nessa lacuna. Objetivou-se identificar as associações entre condições contextuais adversas e protetivas para crianças em idade escolar que conviviam com mães com depressão recorrente, focalizando os eventos estressores e os processos de resiliência familiar e o efeito preditivo de tais variáveis para o desfecho comportamento das crianças. Foram avaliadas 100 díades mães-crianças, sendo 50 díades casos, cujas mães apresentavam diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo recorrente, com episódios moderados ou graves, e 50 díades não casos, cujas mães não apresentavam transtornos psiquiátricos, e as crianças, ambos os sexos, com idade entre sete e 12 anos, e nível intelectual pelo menos médio. Procedeu-se à avaliação com as mães por meio de questionários, entrevistas e escalas relativos aos indicadores sociodemográficos, à confirmação diagnóstica de transtorno depressivo e outros transtornos psiquiátricos, aos recursos do ambiente familiar, aos eventos adversos atuais e crônicos, aos indicadores de resiliência familiar e ao comportamento da criança. Com as crianças, procedeu-se à avaliação do nível intelectual e do desempenho escolar, por meio de instrumentos específicos. Os instrumentos foram aplicados em sessões individuais, face a face, segundo as recomendações técnicas, e as entrevistas foram transcritas, codificadas e submetidas a acordo entre avaliadores. Os dados relativos aos eventos estressores e aos processos de resiliência familiar foram agrupados a partir de categorias e subcategorias, mediante análise de conteúdo das falas das mães, às quais foram atribuídos critérios numéricos para fins de análise estatística. Para a análise dos dados, foi verificada a normalidade das distribuições das variáveis, o que guiou a escolha dos testes, utilizando-se: Teste t de Student, Teste Exato de Fisher, Correlação de Pearson, Análise de Regressão Logística Multivariada e Estimativa de Máxima Verossimilhança, adotando-se o nível de significância p0,05. Verificou-se, com significância estatística, que as crianças que conviviam com a depressão materna e as crianças com dificuldade de comportamento apresentaram semelhanças quanto a variáveis do contexto familiar, observando-se associações dos problemas a mais eventos estressores, menos recursos do ambiente familiar e menores escores de processos de resiliência familiar. Ao se avaliar o efeito preditivo da depressão materna, dos eventos estressores cumulativamente, e dos processos de resiliência familiar para o desfecho comportamento de crianças em idade escolar, identificou-se impacto de tais variáveis na análise univariada, sendo os primeiros identificados como condições de risco para as crianças e os processos como protetores. Nos modelos multivariados de predição, a depressão materna e os estressores deixaram de ter valor significativo, evidenciando-se que o melhor preditor para o desfecho comportamento foi a variável relativa a menos processos positivos de resiliência familiar. Tais dados têm implicações para as práticas em saúde mental materno e infantil, nos diversos níveis de atenção em saúde e também para as políticas de garantia de direitos da criança, com a valorização de estratégias de intervenção que favoreçam o desenvolvimento de habilidades de enfrentamento das adversidades. / Studies assessing risk conditions for child development have included maternal depression in the set of predictors of children negative outcomes. Understanding the impact of risk conditions, from the perspective of developmental psychopathology brings into focus the importance of the protection conditions as elements that contribute to the outcomes. There is, in the literature, few studies on the impact of maternal depression on children that discuss risk and protection conditions, defined a priori. This study fits into that gap. This study aimed to identify associations between adverse and protective contextual conditions for school-age children who lived with mothers with recurrent depression, focusing on the stressful events and processes of family resilience and the predictive effect of such variables to the outcome children behavior. Hundred dyads mothers-children were evaluated, of which 50 dyads cases whose mothers had a diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder with moderate or severe episodes, and 50 dyads no cases whose mothers had no psychiatric disorders, and children, both sexes, with aged seven to 12 years, and at least average intellectual level. Proceeded to evaluation with mothers through questionnaires, interviews and scales relative to sociodemographic indicators, to confirm the diagnosis of depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders, the resources of the family environment, current and chronic adverse events, indicators of family resilience and the child\'s behavior. With children, proceeded to evaluation of the intellectual level and school performance through specific instruments. The instruments were applied in individual sessions, face to face, following the technical recommendations, and interviews were transcribed, coded and submitted for agreement of evaluators. The data relating to stressful events and processes of family resilience were grouped based on the categories and subcategories, through content analysis of mothers\' reports, which were assigned on numerical criteria for the purpose of statistical analysis. For data analysis, verified the normality of distribution of variables, which guided the choice of tests, using: Student\'s t Test, Fisher\'s Exact Test, Pearson Correlation, Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis and Estimation of Maximum Likelihood, adopting a significance level p0.05. It was found, with statistical significance, that children who lived with maternal depression and those with behavioral difficulties exhibited similarities in the family context variables, observing associations of the problems with more stressful events, fewer resources of the family environment and lower scores of processes family resilience. When evaluating the predictive effect of maternal depression, stressors cumulatively and processes of family resilience to the outcome behavior of school-age children, it was identified negative impact of such variables in the univariate analysis, the first variables were identified as risk conditions for children and processes as protectors. In multivariate prediction models, maternal depression and stressors no longer have significant value, evidencing that the best predictor for the outcome behavior was the variable related to less positive processes of family resilience. These data have implications for practices in maternal and child mental health at various levels of health care and also to the policies of child rights guarantee, with the valuation of intervention strategies that foster the development of coping skills of adversity.

Estudos que avaliam condições de risco para o desenvolvimento infantil têm incluído a depressão materna no conjunto de variáveis preditoras de desfechos negativos por parte das crianças. A compreensão sobre o impacto das condições de risco, sob a perspectiva da psicopatologia do desenvolvimento, coloca em foco a relevância das condições de proteção como elementos que concorrem para os desfechos. Verifica-se, na literatura, que poucos estudos sobre o impacto da depressão materna para as crianças abordam condições de risco e proteção, definidas a priori. O presente estudo se insere nessa lacuna. Objetivou-se identificar as associações entre condições contextuais adversas e protetivas para crianças em idade escolar que conviviam com mães com depressão recorrente, focalizando os eventos estressores e os processos de resiliência familiar e o efeito preditivo de tais variáveis para o desfecho comportamento das crianças. Foram avaliadas 100 díades mães-crianças, sendo 50 díades casos, cujas mães apresentavam diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo recorrente, com episódios moderados ou graves, e 50 díades não casos, cujas mães não apresentavam transtornos psiquiátricos, e as crianças, ambos os sexos, com idade entre sete e 12 anos, e nível intelectual pelo menos médio. Procedeu-se à avaliação com as mães por meio de questionários, entrevistas e escalas relativos aos indicadores sociodemográficos, à confirmação diagnóstica de transtorno depressivo e outros transtornos psiquiátricos, aos recursos do ambiente familiar, aos eventos adversos atuais e crônicos, aos indicadores de resiliência familiar e ao comportamento da criança. Com as crianças, procedeu-se à avaliação do nível intelectual e do desempenho escolar, por meio de instrumentos específicos. Os instrumentos foram aplicados em sessões individuais, face a face, segundo as recomendações técnicas, e as entrevistas foram transcritas, codificadas e submetidas a acordo entre avaliadores. Os dados relativos aos eventos estressores e aos processos de resiliência familiar foram agrupados a partir de categorias e subcategorias, mediante análise de conteúdo das falas das mães, às quais foram atribuídos critérios numéricos para fins de análise estatística. Para a análise dos dados, foi verificada a normalidade das distribuições das variáveis, o que guiou a escolha dos testes, utilizando-se: Teste t de Student, Teste Exato de Fisher, Correlação de Pearson, Análise de Regressão Logística Multivariada e Estimativa de Máxima Verossimilhança, adotando-se o nível de significância p0,05. Verificou-se, com significância estatística, que as crianças que conviviam com a depressão materna e as crianças com dificuldade de comportamento apresentaram semelhanças quanto a variáveis do contexto familiar, observando-se associações dos problemas a mais eventos estressores, menos recursos do ambiente familiar e menores escores de processos de resiliência familiar. Ao se avaliar o efeito preditivo da depressão materna, dos eventos estressores cumulativamente, e dos processos de resiliência familiar para o desfecho comportamento de crianças em idade escolar, identificou-se impacto de tais variáveis na análise univariada, sendo os primeiros identificados como condições de risco para as crianças e os processos como protetores. Nos modelos multivariados de predição, a depressão materna e os estressores deixaram de ter valor significativo, evidenciando-se que o melhor preditor para o desfecho comportamento foi a variável relativa a menos processos positivos de resiliência familiar. Tais dados têm implicações para as práticas em saúde mental materno e infantil, nos diversos níveis de atenção em saúde e também para as políticas de garantia de direitos da criança, com a valorização de estratégias de intervenção que favoreçam o desenvolvimento de habilidades de enfrentamento das adversidades. / Studies assessing risk conditions for child development have included maternal depression in the set of predictors of children negative outcomes. Understanding the impact of risk conditions, from the perspective of developmental psychopathology brings into focus the importance of the protection conditions as elements that contribute to the outcomes. There is, in the literature, few studies on the impact of maternal depression on children that discuss risk and protection conditions, defined a priori. This study fits into that gap. This study aimed to identify associations between adverse and protective contextual conditions for school-age children who lived with mothers with recurrent depression, focusing on the stressful events and processes of family resilience and the predictive effect of such variables to the outcome children behavior. Hundred dyads mothers-children were evaluated, of which 50 dyads cases whose mothers had a diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder with moderate or severe episodes, and 50 dyads no cases whose mothers had no psychiatric disorders, and children, both sexes, with aged seven to 12 years, and at least average intellectual level. Proceeded to evaluation with mothers through questionnaires, interviews and scales relative to sociodemographic indicators, to confirm the diagnosis of depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders, the resources of the family environment, current and chronic adverse events, indicators of family resilience and the child\'s behavior. With children, proceeded to evaluation of the intellectual level and school performance through specific instruments. The instruments were applied in individual sessions, face to face, following the technical recommendations, and interviews were transcribed, coded and submitted for agreement of evaluators. The data relating to stressful events and processes of family resilience were grouped based on the categories and subcategories, through content analysis of mothers\' reports, which were assigned on numerical criteria for the purpose of statistical analysis. For data analysis, verified the normality of distribution of variables, which guided the choice of tests, using: Student\'s t Test, Fisher\'s Exact Test, Pearson Correlation, Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis and Estimation of Maximum Likelihood, adopting a significance level p0.05. It was found, with statistical significance, that children who lived with maternal depression and those with behavioral difficulties exhibited similarities in the family context variables, observing associations of the problems with more stressful events, fewer resources of the family environment and lower scores of processes family resilience. When evaluating the predictive effect of maternal depression, stressors cumulatively and processes of family resilience to the outcome behavior of school-age children, it was identified negative impact of such variables in the univariate analysis, the first variables were identified as risk conditions for children and processes as protectors. In multivariate prediction models, maternal depression and stressors no longer have significant value, evidencing that the best predictor for the outcome behavior was the variable related to less positive processes of family resilience. These data have implications for practices in maternal and child mental health at various levels of health care and also to the policies of child rights guarantee, with the valuation of intervention strategies that foster the development of coping skills of adversity.

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine an under-researched topic: the relationship between psychological resilience and personal growth with spousal caregivers of patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Chronic illnesses contribute to potentially stressful changes (i.e., lifestyle, quality of life, financial wellbeing, and interpersonal relationships) for the caregiver. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walsh's family resilience theory, which contends that resilience is vital for coping with stressful life experiences and leading a more successful life. Three separate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the total scores of the RS and the PGIS, the SWLS, and the EMS along with the background variables to see if the covariates contributed information about the relationship between these variables while controlling for gender, marital satisfaction, time since partner diagnosis, age of caregiver, whether the participant had previous interventions, whether the couple had children, current health status, duration of marriage, and life satisfaction. Based on the findings of the multiple-regression analysis, a significant relationship was found between resilience and personal growth of 115 caregivers of MS spouses. Further analysis showed a significant relationship between resilience and satisfaction with life, with marital satisfaction being the only other variable that was significant in the model. The information gathered in this study could contribute to social change for program planners and policy makers by revealing a need for innovative support services.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Vis dažniau užsienio ir Lietuvos mokslininkai pastebi, kad dvasinis žmogaus pasaulis siejasi su jo subjektyviai suvokiama gerove, psichikos sveikata bei psichologiniu atsparumu (Aukst-Margetic, Margetic, 2005; Clark, Friedman, Martin, 2005; Maddi, Brow, Khoshaba, Vaitkus, 2006; Berg, Hassing, McClearn, Johansson, 2006). Tačiau Lietuvoje šie klausimai dar nedaug nagrinėti (Laurinavičiūtė, 2004). Ypač menkas šios temos ištirtumas vidutinio amžiaus žmonių grupėje (Ryan, Caltabiano, 2009; Shen, Zeng, 2010). Šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti vidutinio amžiaus žmonių religingumo, psichologinio atsparumo ir subjektyviai vertinamos psichikos ypatumus bei sąsajas skirtingose socialinėse-demografinėse grupėse. Tyrime dalyvavo 164 vidutinio amžiaus (40-65 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 51,12 ± 8,1 metų) žmonės; iš jų 36,6 proc. (n=60) vyrų ir 63,4 proc. (n=104) moterų. Norint nustatyti vidutinio amžiaus žmonių subjektyviai vertinamą psichikos sveikatą, naudotas psichikos sveikatos klausimynas (angl. The General Health Questionnaire, 12-GHQ, Goldberg, 1970). Vidutinio amžiaus žmonių psichologinis atsparumas nustatytas naudojant dispozicinį psichologinio atsparumo skalę (angl. Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS15-R, Bartone, 2007), o religingumas - naudojant vidinio ir išorinio religingumo skalę (angl. Age-Universal” I-E Scale–12, Gorsuch & Venable, 1983). Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad vidutinio amžiaus žmonių religingumas, psichologinis atsparumas ir subjektyvus savo psichikos sveikatos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / More and more frequently, both Lithuanian and foreign scholars note that the spiritual world of an individual is related with his/her subjectively conceived welfare, psychical health and psychological resilience (Aukst-Margetic, Margetic, 2005; Clark, Friedman, Martin, 2005; Maddi, Brow, Khoshaba, Vaitkus, 2006; Berg, Hassing, McClearn, Johansson, 2006). However, this research in Lithuania has been scarce (Laurinavičiūtė, 2004), and this topic has been particularly under-researched in the middle-aged segment of the population (Ryan, Caltabiano, 2009; Shen, Zeng, 2010). The aim of the present work is to establish the relationship among the religiousness of the middle-aged population, their psychological resilience and subjectively conceived psychical health. 164 individuals of middle age (40 to 65 years old; age average 51.12 ± 8.1 years)took part in the research; among them, 36.6 per cent males (n=60) and 63.4 per cent females (n=104). In order to establish the subjectively assessed psychical health of the middle-aged population, The General Health Questionnaire, 12-GHQ, developed by Goldberg, (1970) was employed. The psychological resilience of the middle-aged population was established by applying the Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS15-R, developed by Bartone, (2007) while religiousness was identified by employing the Age-Universal” I-E Scale–12 developed by Gorsuch & Venable (1983). The results of the research revealed that the religiousness, psychological resilience... [to full text]

This study is a subdivision of an inter-university research project to investigate the psychological resilience of children in the late middle childhood years. The title of the umbrella project is Psychological resilience in children in the South African context. The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between social support and self-concept, as well as to establish whether gender differences occur with regard to the experience of social support and the evaluation of self-concept. Schools in different regions were identified in order to make the sample as large and the study as representative as possible of the different provinces, racial and language groups in South Africa. The children in the samples were randomly selected from class lists. The complete test battery was subsequently administered to these children. For the purpose of this study only the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale, the Social Support Appraisal Scale and the Biographical Questionnaire were used. Due to practical problems, the final figures of the samples varied between 549 and 918 participants. The processing of the data was done by the Statistical Consultation Service of the North West University Potchefstroom Campus. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used as an effect size to determine the relationship between social support and self-concept. T-tests and Cohen's effect sizes were used to determine whether gender differences occur with regard to social support and self-concept. The statistical processing of the results revealed that a positive correlation exists between social support and self-concept. These results are corresponding with the literature (Collins, 2000; Kirkcaldy, Shephard & Stiefen, 2002; Malecki 8 Demaray, 2002; Marjoribanks & Mboya, 2001; Van Tassel-Baska & Olszewski-Kubilius, 1994). Further, the results showed that no gender differences that were both statistically significant and practically meaningful occurred with regards to social support and self-concept. These results were repeatedly inconsistent with the literature (Bee, 1992; Dubow & Ullman, 1989; Harris, Rosenthal & Snodgrass, 1986; Hirsch & Rapkin, 1987; Piers, 1984; Werner & Smith, 1982). Finally, the last section of this investigation provides recommendations for further studies in this area, as well as practical suggestions for the implementation of the findings. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005

A relação existente entre mudança de percepção da saúde bucal e resiliência é escassa na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as dinâmicas de mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal (melhora e piora) e avaliar os fatores determinantes destas mudanças em idosos do sul do Brasil. Uma amostra representativa de 587 pessoas, com 60 anos ou mais, residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS, foi avaliada em 2008. O seguimento foi realizado em 2012 e foram avaliados 389 idosos. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Odontologia da UNICAMP. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde geral, a Escala de Resiliência e passaram pelo exame de saúde bucal. A mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal foi categorizada em decréscimo, estabilidade e acréscimo entre 2008 e 2012. A fim de analisar os fatores associados com as mudanças na percepção relacionada à saúde bucal em idosos independentes, utilizou-se a regressão multinomial. Os indivíduos apresentaram 21,9% de decréscimo, 48,1% permaneceram estáveis e 30% apresentaram acréscimo na mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Uso dos serviços odontológicos (OR=3,28,IC=1,05-10,22) e comorbidades (OR=5,43,IC=1,17-25,18) associaram-se com melhora e renda (OR=1,89,IC=1,00-3,57) e resiliência (OR=7,70, IC=0,97-61,02) associaram-se com piora na autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Conclui-se que há uma relação entre as ideias de flexibilidade e de adaptação inseridas no conceito da resiliência e a maneira como um indivíduo vê sua saúde bucal. / The existing relation between change of oral health perception and resilience is insufficient in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of self-perception’s change related to the oral health (improvement and decline) and to evaluate the determinants of these changes in older people of the southern of Brazil. A representative sample of 587 people aged 60 years or more, living in Carlos Barbosa, RS, was evaluated in 2008. The follow-up was made in 2012 and 389 older people were evaluated. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the State University of Campinas. The participants answered an oral health and socio-demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and took an oral health exam. The change of self-perception related to the oral health was categorized as decrement, stability and increment between 2008 and 2012. In order to analyze the factors associated with the changes in the perception related to the oral health in independent living older people it was used a hierarchical analysis, made through multinomial regression. The individuals experienced 21.9% of decrement, 48.1% remain stable and 30.0% experienced increment in the change of self-perception related to the oral health. Access to the oral services (OR=3.28,CI=1.05-10.22) and co-morbidities (OR=5.43,CI=1.17-25.18) were associated with improvement, income (OR=1.89,CI=1.00-3.57) and resilience (OR=7.70, CI=0.97-61.02) was associated with the decline in the self-perception related to the oral health. It is concluded that there is a relation between the ideas of flexibility and adjustment inserted in the concept of the resilience and the manner how an individual perceives its oral health.

A relação existente entre mudança de percepção da saúde bucal e resiliência é escassa na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as dinâmicas de mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal (melhora e piora) e avaliar os fatores determinantes destas mudanças em idosos do sul do Brasil. Uma amostra representativa de 587 pessoas, com 60 anos ou mais, residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS, foi avaliada em 2008. O seguimento foi realizado em 2012 e foram avaliados 389 idosos. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Odontologia da UNICAMP. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde geral, a Escala de Resiliência e passaram pelo exame de saúde bucal. A mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal foi categorizada em decréscimo, estabilidade e acréscimo entre 2008 e 2012. A fim de analisar os fatores associados com as mudanças na percepção relacionada à saúde bucal em idosos independentes, utilizou-se a regressão multinomial. Os indivíduos apresentaram 21,9% de decréscimo, 48,1% permaneceram estáveis e 30% apresentaram acréscimo na mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Uso dos serviços odontológicos (OR=3,28,IC=1,05-10,22) e comorbidades (OR=5,43,IC=1,17-25,18) associaram-se com melhora e renda (OR=1,89,IC=1,00-3,57) e resiliência (OR=7,70, IC=0,97-61,02) associaram-se com piora na autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Conclui-se que há uma relação entre as ideias de flexibilidade e de adaptação inseridas no conceito da resiliência e a maneira como um indivíduo vê sua saúde bucal. / The existing relation between change of oral health perception and resilience is insufficient in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of self-perception’s change related to the oral health (improvement and decline) and to evaluate the determinants of these changes in older people of the southern of Brazil. A representative sample of 587 people aged 60 years or more, living in Carlos Barbosa, RS, was evaluated in 2008. The follow-up was made in 2012 and 389 older people were evaluated. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the State University of Campinas. The participants answered an oral health and socio-demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and took an oral health exam. The change of self-perception related to the oral health was categorized as decrement, stability and increment between 2008 and 2012. In order to analyze the factors associated with the changes in the perception related to the oral health in independent living older people it was used a hierarchical analysis, made through multinomial regression. The individuals experienced 21.9% of decrement, 48.1% remain stable and 30.0% experienced increment in the change of self-perception related to the oral health. Access to the oral services (OR=3.28,CI=1.05-10.22) and co-morbidities (OR=5.43,CI=1.17-25.18) were associated with improvement, income (OR=1.89,CI=1.00-3.57) and resilience (OR=7.70, CI=0.97-61.02) was associated with the decline in the self-perception related to the oral health. It is concluded that there is a relation between the ideas of flexibility and adjustment inserted in the concept of the resilience and the manner how an individual perceives its oral health.