Notre thèse explore et analyse la situation psychosociale et scolaire d’adolescents victimes de maltraitances dans le cadre d’une approche comparée entre la métropole et la Guyane française. Nous avons examiné comment les apprentissages psycho-éducatifs et l’usage des discours de résilience participent à être thérapeutiques auprès de cette population à la lumière également de la dimension transculturelle (notamment l’impact de l’esclavage pour la Guyane qui reste encore aujourd’hui présent). Cela nous a conduit à mettre en évidence les facteurs individuels, sociaux, et les discours de résilience qui favorisent l'adaptation et le succès de ces jeunes, confrontés à de nombreuses adversités traumatiques de la vie. Notre thèse présente des résultats spécifiques de deux adolescents. Ils nous ont permis ensuite d’élaborer les facteurs communs (capacité d’attachement sécure à la relation, capacité à obtenir le soutien des autres, à avoir des objectifs personnels et/ou collectifs, le sentiment de gestion de ses émotions et affects, la capacité à mettre des mots, à donner du sens, à poser des choix possibles, l’aptitude à utiliser l’humour, etc.) qui corroborent le consensus des chercheurs les plus imminents sur la question même du processus de résilience. Autrement dit, le discours de résilience apparaît comme un facteur prépondérant dans le cheminement thérapeutique. Ainsi les apprentissages psycho-éducatifs et les différents types de discours permettent une manière de conjuguer l’espoir donné au sujet à s’affranchir de son passé traumatique, en lui permettant d’agir par lui-même et pour les autres, dans son présent et en l’autorisant à disposer d’un avenir qui répond à ses attentes. / Our thesis explores and analyses the psychosocial and school situation of teenager victims of abuse in the context of a comparative approach between continental France and French Guyana. We studied how the psycho-educational learnings and the use of resilience speeches be involved as therapeutic treatment for these victims, while considering the cross-cultural dimension (including the impact of slavery in French Guyana, which is still on today ). With regard to our approach, our results enabled us to develop the common factors (ability of safe attachment to the relationship, ability to get the support from others, ability to have personal and/or collective goals, feeling of self-managing their emotions and affects, ability to put words, to make sense, to define possible choices, to use humour, etc.) that corroborate the consensus of the most imminent researchers on the very issue of the resilience process. In light of our results, the psycho-educational learnings and various types of speeches contribute to being critical protective factors, allowing the subject to resist the trauma and to run a therapeutic approach towards the process of resilience. The uniqueness of our research, that is part of a not investigated yet dimension, could open preventive tracks to improve practice and care, and, therefore, promote the resilience of both the individuals, who need to be accompanied, and the community, given the traumatic events experienced in Guyana, especially considering the printed marks left by slavery.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Climate change poses a major threat to both the well-being of people and the environment. Subsistence farmers are particularly affected because they rely on local supply systems that are sensitive to climate variation. The aim of the study was to explore psychological resilience factors associated with climate change adaptation by subsistence farmers in a rural farming community in Maruleng Municipality in Limpopo Province (South Africa). The objectives of the study were to: investigate subsistence farmers' notions of climate change and adaptation; determine the psychological resilience factors influencing the farmers’ adaptation the climate change; determine strategies that the farmers use to cope with climate change; and, based on the farmers’ notions of climate change and adaptation, and the associated resilience factors, develop a psychological explanatory model on climate change adaptation by subsistence farmers. Data were collected through direct interactions with participants using a grounded theory research design. An open-ended interview guide was used to collect data with a sample of 15 participants selected through theoretical sampling within the Maruleng Municipality. The research findings indicate that farmers have limited conceptual knowledge relating to climate change and its causes. The results further indicated that participants have become resilient to climate change through mitigation strategies including mulching, adaptive irrigation techniques and being innovative. From a psychological perspective, the subsistence farmers’ resilience factors that emerged included passion for farming, hope, enthusiasm, courage, acceptance or tolerance, livelihood and a coherent belief system. Based on the findings of the study, a psychological explanatory model in climate change adaptation by subsistence farmers was developed. The explanatory model suggests that resilience factors are influenced by notions and adaptations of climate change. The study is concluded by, among others, recommending that counseling services be made available to farmers to help them deal with the stress associated with the negative impact of climate change.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable and highly debilitating condition with antidepressants, first-line treatment, demonstrating low to modest response rates. No current biological mechanism substantially explains MDD but both neurostructural and neurochemical pathways have been suggested. Further explication of these may aid in identifying subgroups of MDD that are better defined by their aetiology. Specifically, genetic stratification provides an array of tools to do this, including the intermediate phenotype approach which was applied in this thesis. This thesis explores genetic overlap with regional brain volume and MDD and the genetic and non-genetic components of antidepressant response. The first study utilised the most recent published data from ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-analysis) Consortium's genome-wide association study (GWAS) of regional brain volume to examine shared genetic architecture between seven subcortical brain volumes and intracranial volume (ICV) and MDD. This was explored using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), polygenic risk scoring (PRS) techniques, Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and BUHMBOX (Breaking Up Heterogeneous Mixture Based On Cross-locus correlations). Results indicated that hippocampal volume was positively genetically correlated with MDD (rg= 0.46, P= 0.02), although this did not survive multiple comparison testing. Additionally, there was evidence for genetic subgrouping in Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) MDD cases (P=0.00281), however, this was not replicated in two other independent samples. This study does not support a shared architecture for regional brain volumes and MDD, however, provided some evidence that hippocampal volume and MDD may share genetic architecture in a subgroup of individuals, albeit the genetic correlation did not survive multiple testing correction and genetic subgroup heterogeneity was not replicated. To explore antidepressant treatment resistance, the second study utilised prescription data in (GS:SFHS) to define a measure of (a) treatment resistance (TR) and (b) stages of resistance (SR) by inferring antidepressant switching as non-response. GWAS were conducted separately for TR in GS:SFHS and the GENDEP (Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression) study and then meta-analysed (meta-analysis n=4,213, cases=358). For SR, a GWAS on GS:SFHS only was performed (n=3,452). Additionally, gene-set enrichment, polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and genetic correlation analysis were conducted. No significant locus, gene or gene-set was associated with TR or SR, however power analysis indicated that this analysis was underpowered. Pedigree-based correlations identified genetic overlap with psychological distress, schizotypy and mood disorder traits. Finally, the role of neuroticism, psychological resilience and coping styles in antidepressant resistance was investigated. Univariate, moderation and mediation models were applied using logistic regression and structural equation modelling techniques. In univariate models, neuroticism and emotion-orientated coping demonstrated significant negative association with antidepressant resistance, whereas resilience, task-orientated and avoidance-orientated coping demonstrated significant positive association. No moderation of the association between neuroticism and TR was detected and no mediating effect of coping styles was found. However, resilience was found to partially mediate the association between neuroticism and TR. Whilst the first study does not indicate a genetic overlap between regional brain volumes and MDD, it demonstrates the utility of the intermediate approach in complex disease. Antidepressant resistance was associated with neuroticism both genetically and phenotypically, indicating its role as an intermediate phenotype. Nonetheless, larger sample sizes are needed to adequately address the components of antidepressant resistance. Further work in antidepressant non-response may help to identify biological mechanisms responsible in MDD pathology and help stratify individuals into more tractable groups.

Entre avril et juin 2008, le prix des commodités (blé, maïs, riz) a atteint un niveau impressionnant, mais pas exceptionnel. Les populations de 48 pays ont été affectées par une sévère sous-alimentation. La plupart d’entre eux avait déjà été affaiblie par des conflits et des catastrophes naturelles inhabituelles et dramatiques. Ces facteurs ont souvent interagi pour aggraver la situation. Pourtant, si la crise de 2007-2008 a été un «problème extraordinaire», c’est aussi parce que la connaissance scientifique «normale» a échoué face à la complexité de la «poly-crises» alimentaire (Morin, 2011). En réponse, nous avons conçu un cadre épistémologique, méthodologique, et technique, à partir de deux approches face à la complexité, celles de Hayek (1899-1992) et de Simon (1916-2001), avec un objectif, satisfaire au critère de cumulativité, un reproche traditionnellement adressé à ce type d’approche. Ce travail a produit deux enseignements. Premièrement, les fondements épistémologiques de la production de la connaissance en économie doivent être révisés en environnement complexe et incertain: 1) du certain/de l’objectif vers l’incertain/le subjectif; 2) de la prédiction exacte vers la conception; 3) de la causalité linéaire inappropriée, ou pire, menaçant la liberté individuelle, vers une causalité complexe. Deuxièmement, dans le processus d’adaptation, le rôle de la production et du partage de la connaissance «tacite» est central. Pour cette raison, le problème économique n’est plus un problème d’allocation des ressources. Il est de savoir comment des êtres humains aux capacités cognitives «limitées» computent et socialisent (Nonaka et alii, 1994, 2001) la connaissance et l’information disponibles, mais dispersées, pour la convertir en heuristiques ou patterns favorisant l’adaptation. Deux autres hypothèses les renforcent : 1) les dynamiques du changement s’enracinent «dans la pensée et la créativité des gens impliqués dans des situations complexes et dans leur capacité à restructurer leurs propres modèles d’interactions», (Ostrom, 2011) ; 2) l’altruisme réciproque (Simon, 1992, 1993) est un comportement rationnel qui peut être plus efficient dans les interactions sociales en environnement complexe que le comportement maximisateur ou égoïste. Ces résultats ont été synthétisés dans une interface que nous avons créée et qui a pris la forme d’une boucle de la connaissance à deux allèles, une pour la connaissance générique, l’autre, pour la tacite, qui, par récursion, produisent une méta-connaissance. Cette interface est à la fois ouverte et fermée et reflète ainsi la position défendue par Hayek et Simon pour qui la science économique est une «science frontière». Une part de la recherche est consacrée à la création d’outils, par exemple à un indicateur de perception de la contribution des facteurs au déclenchement et/ou à l’aggravation de la crise, à partir : 1) des allocutions des 138 Chefs d’État et de Gouvernement présents à la Conférence de Haut Niveau sur la Sécurité alimentaire mondiale (3-5 juin 2008) ; 2) des analyses des économistes, 3) des témoignages des gens qui ont subi la sous-nutrition ou la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires (database IRIN). Nous proposons également une typologie actualisée des policy-mix mis en œuvre par 18 pays divisés en 3 groupes : des pays en développement, pour la plupart importateurs nets, sévèrement touchés par la crise et qui ont connu des «émeutes de la faim» (Égypte, Tunisie, Cameroun, Côte d’Ivoire, Sénégal, Mauritanie, Haïti, Bangladesh) ; des pays Membres du groupe de Cairns ayant connu soit des «émeutes de la faim», soit des désordres sociaux (Indonésie, Philippines, Thaïlande, Afrique du Sud) ; enfin, des pays ayant adopté des restrictions et/ou prohibitions aux exportations (Chine, Inde, Indonésie, Égypte, Cambodge, Ukraine, Vietnam) [...]. / Over the April-June 2008 period, prices of the commodities such as wheat, maize, rice and vegetable oils, reached impressive yet not exceptional peaks. By contrast, the populations of 48 countries were stricken by severe under nutrition. Most of them had already been weakened not only by conflicts, social disorders, dramatic and unusual climatic and natural disasters, but also by outbreaks, epizooties, and population displacements. In some cases, all these factors together played a significant role in the worsening situation. However, another important reason could be advanced to explain why the 2008 food crisis was an “extraordinary problem”. This one is that “normal” scientific knowledge was defeated by the complexity of what it appears now as a food “poly-crises” (Morin, 2011). We answered by designing an epistemological, methodological, and technical knowledge base from two very different and alternative economics approaches of facing complexity. The first is the Hayekian approach (1899-1992), and the second, the Simonian approach (1916-2001). The research intends to fulfill cumulativity criteria, traditionally difficult to satisfy with the ones of complexity. From the following analysis we mostly learned two things. First, epistemological grounds of economics needed to be broken in complex environment(s): 1) from certainty/objectivity to uncertainty/subjectivity, 2) from accurate prediction to design, 3) from linear causality deemed inappropriate or, worse, threatening people freedoms, to complex causality. Second, in the adaptation process, the role of “tacit” knowledge production and sharing is central. For that reason, the core of economics problem is not allocation of resources anymore. Now, the main problem for humans whose cognitive capacity are “bounded” is to compute, to “socialize” (Nonaka et alii, 1994, 2001), available but dispersed information and knowledge and to converse them into heuristics or patterns allowing the adaptation to complex and uncertain environment(s). Two others auxiliary hypotheses –E. Ostrom (2011) will endorse them later- can be drawn from that preliminary work: 1) the dynamics of change rooted “in the thinking and in the creativity of people involved in complex situations and their capacity to restructure their own models for interactions”, 2) reciprocal altruism (Simon, 1992, 1993) is a rational behavior which can be more effective in/for the social interactions in complex environment(s) than maximizing or selfish behavior. To present preliminary results in an effective way, we created a very simple interface scheme. It takes the form of a three-dimensional knowledge loop with two strands, “generic” and “tacit” knowledge connected between themselves to produce by recursion a meta-knowledge. We made the choice of the interface because it reflects with the most accuracy the position defended by Hayek and Simon which is that economics is a frontier science. Moreover, the interface has the advantage of being both open and closed. A part of the research is more specifically dedicated to design tools increasing the understanding of the “polyfood” crises. We elaborated a three-level indicator with: 1) perceptions of the contribution of each factor to the outbreak and the worsening of the situation; 2) contributions of actors to the explanation of the food crisis proposed in 2008. It was developed from: 1) a case study comparing and contrasting explanations proposed a) in their statements by 138 Heads of State and Government attended the High Level Conference on World Food Security (3-5 June 2008), b) in their analyses by economists, c) in their testimonies by people hit by under nutrition/rising food prices (database IRIN); 2) a new and more updated typology focused on the responses addressed by 18 countries split into 3 groups [...].

Contemporary peacekeeping missions are complex, demanding, and potentially hazardous. There is general agreement that psychological factors are crucial to effective individual and collective performance of the military personnel deployed in support of these missions. This research has examined the human dimensions associated with capability, functioning, and health across the deployment cycle. The aim of this research was to increase understanding of the psychological issues associated with peace support operations at the individual, group, and organisational levels. The study applied precepts of the transactional model of stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) to the context of military deployment on peace support operations. The overarching Human Dimensions of Operations model for this research incorporated stressor, buffer, and outcome components within the multi-level structure of the military organisation and across the stages (pre, peri, post) of deployment. Participants were Canadian and Australian military personnel deployed on Peace Support Operations. The dissertation comprised seven chapters. Chapter One provided an introduction to the psychological challenges posed by peace support operations and the research opportunities these missions afford. The second chapter detailed the methodology and psychometric evaluation of several measurement scales that were developed as part of this research in order to address the unique characteristics of peace support operations. Each of the six scales examined proved to have a meaningful component structure and adequate subscale reliabilities. The third chapter was devoted to an examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of psychological climate factors, the Unit Climate Profile (UCP), which was the cornerstone instrument of this research. The UCP demonstrated a robust, multi-dimensional structure that was conceptually concordant with its theoretical development and design. In addition, the component structure of the UCP changed in meaningful ways according to its level of analysis - individual or group. The next three chapters examined human dimension constructs at different stages of deployment, notably psychological readiness for operations, psychological resilience during deployment, and readjustment following return from deployment. In Chapter Four, the most compelling structural model that examined collective psychological readiness demonstrated that perceptions of readiness at the group level, along with effective senior leadership, could significantly impact morale. The results in Chapter Five revealed that leadership both buffered the immediate impact of stressors, and also fostered meaning and morale, thereby reducing strain. Positive aspects of deployment and the personal meaning assumed to be derived from these experiences were also found to bolster morale significantly during deployment. In Chapter Six, the stressors specific to the postdeployment transition phase, rather than stressors encountered during deployment, had the strongest impact on postdeployment adjustment. Social support and a positive psychological climate in the unit (particularly evidenced by cohesiveness and caring behaviour by proximal leaders) moderated the impact of homecoming stressors. A concluding chapter summarised the dissertation and discussed its practical significance and avenues for the dissemination of its findings. Broadly, the outcomes demonstrated that an understanding of the human factors in military units within the context of the stressors-strain relationship can provide potentially useful information to commanders who want to enhance the well-being, performance, and commitment of Service members deployed on peace support operations. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331630 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- School of Psychology, 2008

Šiame darbe atlikto tyrimo tikslas - išanalizuoti vaikų globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių psichologinio atsparumo ir sveikatai palankaus elgesio sąsajas. Tyrime dalyvavo 173 paaugliai, gyvenantys aštuoniuose vaikų globos namuose visoje Lietuvoje. Tyrime dalyvavo paaugliai nuo 11 iki 18 metų, 90 (52 %) berniukų ir 83 (48 %) mergaitės. Šiam tyrimui atlikti buvo sudarytas 99 klausimų klausimynas. Klausimynas susidėjo iš dviejų dalių. Pirmoji dalis buvo sudaryta remiantis The California Healthy Kids Survey klausimyno 2010 – 2011 metų moduliu B ir skirta ištirti paauglių psichologinio atsparumo ypatumus. Antroji dalis sudaryta remiantis Health Behavior Questionaire (Jessor, Donovan, Costa, 1992) pagrindu. Ja buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti paauglių sveikatai palankaus elgesio ypatumus. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad didėjant vaikų globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių psichologiniam atsparumui, daugėja sveikatai palankaus elgesio. Labiausiai vaikų globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių sveikatai palankus elgesys yra susijęs su namų, draugų, asmenybės apsauginiais veiksniais, o mažiausiai – su mokyklos bei visuomenės apsauginiais veiksniais. Taip pat didėjantis vaikų globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių psichologinis atsparumas susijęs su mažėjančiu paauglių rūkymu, alkoholio bei narkotinių medžiagų vartojimu, su geresniu paauglio mitybos dienos režimu bei tuo, ar paaugliui rūpi, kad jo maistas būtų sveikas. Be to, didėjant vaikų globos namuose gyvenančių paauglių psichologiniam atsparumui... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to explore links between psychological resilience and positive health behaviour of adolescence in foster care. The subjects of the study were 173 adolescences, living in eight foster care homes in all Lithuania. Adolescences were from 11 till 18 years old, 90 (52 %) boys and 83 (48 %) girls. Questionnaire of 99 questions was made special for this study. Questionnaire consisted of two parts. First part of questionnaire was made by example of The California Healthy Kids Survey 2010 – 2011, module B. It was intended to explore psychological resilience’s features of adolescences in foster care. Second part of questionnaire was made by example of Health Behaviour Questionnaire (Jessor, Donovan, Costa, 1992) and it was intended to explore positive health behaviour’s features of adolescences in foster care. The results of the study showed that increasing of psychological resilience of adolescences in foster care is related with increasing of positive health behaviour. Positive health behaviour of adolescences in foster care, was related with protective factors of home, friends, personality most of all. Positive health behaviour of adolescences in foster care was related with protective factors of school and society least of all. Increasing of psychological resilience of adolescences in foster care is related with decreasing consumption of drugs, cigarettes, alcohol. Also increasing of psychological resilience of adolescences in foster care is related with... [to full text]

Contemporary peacekeeping missions are complex, demanding, and potentially hazardous. There is general agreement that psychological factors are crucial to effective individual and collective performance of the military personnel deployed in support of these missions. This research has examined the human dimensions associated with capability, functioning, and health across the deployment cycle. The aim of this research was to increase understanding of the psychological issues associated with peace support operations at the individual, group, and organisational levels. The study applied precepts of the transactional model of stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) to the context of military deployment on peace support operations. The overarching Human Dimensions of Operations model for this research incorporated stressor, buffer, and outcome components within the multi-level structure of the military organisation and across the stages (pre, peri, post) of deployment. Participants were Canadian and Australian military personnel deployed on Peace Support Operations. The dissertation comprised seven chapters. Chapter One provided an introduction to the psychological challenges posed by peace support operations and the research opportunities these missions afford. The second chapter detailed the methodology and psychometric evaluation of several measurement scales that were developed as part of this research in order to address the unique characteristics of peace support operations. Each of the six scales examined proved to have a meaningful component structure and adequate subscale reliabilities. The third chapter was devoted to an examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of psychological climate factors, the Unit Climate Profile (UCP), which was the cornerstone instrument of this research. The UCP demonstrated a robust, multi-dimensional structure that was conceptually concordant with its theoretical development and design. In addition, the component structure of the UCP changed in meaningful ways according to its level of analysis - individual or group. The next three chapters examined human dimension constructs at different stages of deployment, notably psychological readiness for operations, psychological resilience during deployment, and readjustment following return from deployment. In Chapter Four, the most compelling structural model that examined collective psychological readiness demonstrated that perceptions of readiness at the group level, along with effective senior leadership, could significantly impact morale. The results in Chapter Five revealed that leadership both buffered the immediate impact of stressors, and also fostered meaning and morale, thereby reducing strain. Positive aspects of deployment and the personal meaning assumed to be derived from these experiences were also found to bolster morale significantly during deployment. In Chapter Six, the stressors specific to the postdeployment transition phase, rather than stressors encountered during deployment, had the strongest impact on postdeployment adjustment. Social support and a positive psychological climate in the unit (particularly evidenced by cohesiveness and caring behaviour by proximal leaders) moderated the impact of homecoming stressors. A concluding chapter summarised the dissertation and discussed its practical significance and avenues for the dissemination of its findings. Broadly, the outcomes demonstrated that an understanding of the human factors in military units within the context of the stressors-strain relationship can provide potentially useful information to commanders who want to enhance the well-being, performance, and commitment of Service members deployed on peace support operations. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331630 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- School of Psychology, 2008

Submitted by Carvalho Cristiane (crisedangelo@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-06-12T13:18:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Rosilene Aparecida dos Santos.pdf: 844977 bytes, checksum: 4b860aa5d0b888068e0f5a68546999df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-12T13:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Rosilene Aparecida dos Santos.pdf: 844977 bytes, checksum: 4b860aa5d0b888068e0f5a68546999df (MD5) / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / O tema desse trabalho é “A construção da resiliência pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem na atenção a crianças e adolescentes cronicamente adoecidos”. Nesse estudo discutimos resiliência do trabalhador, dialogando com a assistência hospitalar e promoção da saúde. Houve um aumento significativo no número de crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas ao longo das décadas que seguiram os anos 60. Esse aumento alterou o perfil epidemiológico e resultou em nova demanda de assistência à saúde causada por maior dependência humana, científica e tecnológica. Questionamos que atributos e competências promotoras de resiliência são desenvolvidos por trabalhadores de enfermagem ao cuidarem dessa clientela. O estudo é relevante por contribuir com a produção de conhecimento sobre o tema e por propor uma interface entre a atenção de média e alta complexidade, a saúde coletiva e os aspectos socioantropológicos. Pressupomos que a vivência da prática assistencial do trabalhador de enfermagem junto a crianças e adolescentes cronicamente adoecidos contribui para a construção da resiliência, onde atributos e competências serão exaustivamente colocados à prova no enfrentamento das dificuldades. O objetivo geral é: analisar o processo de construção de resiliência pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem na atenção hospitalar junto a crianças e adolescentes cronicamente adoecidos. Objetivos específicos: identificar atributos e competências favoráveis à construção da resiliência desses trabalhadores; compreender as estratégias utilizadas pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem no processo de construção de resiliência; verificar quais são as marcas produzidas no trabalhador na assistência a crianças e adolescentes cronicamente adoecidos. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em unidades pediátricas de um hospital situado no Rio de Janeiro, em cenário de cuidado a crianças e adolescentes em situação de adoecimento crônico. Os sujeitos foram 56 trabalhadores de enfermagem. A produção de dados ocorreu em 3 momentos: aplicação da escala de resiliência, devolução das escalas em grupo e entrevista semi-estruturada. A análise teórica dos dados foi organizada a partir da vertente do interacionismo simbólico em diálogo com as categorias de resiliência e adoecimento crônico, procurando descobrir os núcleos de sentido com significado relacionado ao objeto analítico. A dimensão relacional da análise destacou 3 núcleos temáticos: 1) a relação entre os adultos e crianças; 2) a perspectiva da violência que emerge nas relações; 3) a cronicidade como uma marca que media interações no cuidado. Concluímos que os trabalhadores de enfermagem carecem de uma rede de apoio que os auxiliem no enfrentamento do sofrimento e na ressignificação de sua prática assistencial. O trabalho com criança e adolescente com adoecimento crônico apresenta uma série de peculiaridades que exige do trabalhador mais do que habilidade técnica. Neste campo, a interação humana é intensificada pelas circunstâncias do crescimento,desenvolvimento,sofrimento e morte da clientela. / This is a Master’s Degree in Children and Women Health dissertation of IFF/FIOCRUZ, which theme is The construction of resilience by the nursing staff in the attention to chronically ill children and adolescents. We discuss professional resilience dialoguing with hospital care and health promotion. There has been a significant increase in the number of chronically ill children in the decades past the 60’s, altering the epidemiological profile and entailing new human, scientific and technological dependencies. We question what attributes and skills that promote resilience are developed by nursing professionals in their work with this kind of patient. This study is relevant for contributing with the production of knowledge on this theme e for proposing an interface between the medium and high complexity attention, public health and the inherent socio-anthropological aspects. We start from the presupposition that the continuous labor with chronic illnesses and death during infancy and adolescence contributes to the construction of resilience by the nursing professional., where skills are exhaustively put to test in the coping of hardships. The general goal of this research is to analyse the process of resilience construction by the nursing staff in a situation of hospital care to chronically ill children and adolescents. Specific objectives: identify attributes and skills that favor this construction by these workers, better comprehend the strategies used by nursing professionals in the process of resilience building and verify what are the marks produced in the staff by the assistance to chronically ill children and adolescents. This is a qualitative research that took place at pediatric units of a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in a scenario of attention to chronically ill children and adolescents. The subjects were 56 nursing workers. Data collection occurred in 3 distinct moments: application of a resilience scale, group discussion for score analysis and semi-structured interview. The theoretical analysis was organized following the precepts of the symbolic interactionism while dialoguing with categories of resilience and chronic illness, trying to uncover possible meanings related to the analytical object. The relational dimension of the analysis highlighted 3 thematic nuclei: 1) the relationship between adults and children; 2) the perspective of violence that emerges in relations; 3) the chronicity as a mark that mediates interactions in health care. We conclude that nursing workers lack a support network capable of assisting them in the coping of hardships and the reframing of their assistancial practice. The work with chronically ill children and adolescents presents peculiarities that demand more from the professional than pure technical skill. In this field, human interaction is intensified by circumstances related to the growth, development, suffering and death of these patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6745.pdf: 2789060 bytes, checksum: e0d47494824e9e641563251e526d6bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Introduction: Resilience is the ability of individuals or groups to overcome adversity without presenting physical or mental disorders, or even become better against unfavorable conditions. It is seen as being essential to obtain a healthier lifestyle. Objectives: evaluate factors associated to resilience in family caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive, comparative, correlational quantitative character. Were interviewed 66 family caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD), followed in a teaching clinic at a public university. The group was divided into three subgroups of caregivers: DA mild, moderate and advanced. As a control group, were interviewed 30 family caregivers of people with diabetes, DM group, followed in a primary care unit in São Carlos. Results: The majority of caregivers in both groups were women, wives or daughters, with an average age of 56 years (AD) and 53 years (DM). In terms of schooling, the DA group reached an average of 8.0 years and the DM group had an average of 5.3 years of schooling. Most caregivers of all groups / subgroups showed moderate levels of resilience. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that some factors contribute to the increase of resilience in the AD group, namely: overhead, number of days devoted to the care, parentage spouse degree, good self perception of physical health and the practice of other activities. As for the DM group, the significant variables were only depression and age. Other factors were related to resilience, such as stress, overload and other variables. Caregivers of elderly patients with AD presented higher levels of anxiety, stress, overload and depression compared to caregivers of people with diabetes. Conclusions: caring relatives with chronic diseases, neurodegenerative or not, creates anxiety, stress, depression and overload. These variables are more pronounced in caregivers of elderly patients with AD. / Introdução: Resiliência é a capacidade de indivíduos ou grupos de superarem adversidades sem apresentarem transtornos físicos ou mentais, ou até mesmo tornarem-se melhores frente a condições desfavoráveis. É vista como sendo essencial para a obtenção de uma vida saudável. Objetivos: avaliar fatores associados à resiliência em cuidador familiar de idosos com doença de Alzheimer. Método: Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, descritivo, comparativo, correlacional de caráter quantitativo. Foram entrevistados 66 cuidadores familiares de idosos com diagnóstico de doença de Alzheimer (DA), acompanhados em um ambulatório de ensino em uma universidade pública. O grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos de cuidadores: DA leve, moderada e avançada. Como grupo comparativo, foram entrevistados 30 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com diabetes, grupo DM, acompanhados em unidade de atenção primária no município de São Carlos. Resultados: a maioria dos cuidadores dos dois grupos eram mulheres, esposas ou filhas, com média de idade de 56 anos (DA), e 53 anos (DM). Quanto à escolaridade, o grupo DA atingiu média de 8,0 anos e o grupo DM obteve média de 5,3 anos de estudo. A maioria dos cuidadores de todos os grupos/subgrupos apresentou níveis moderados de resiliência. As análises de regressão linear múltipla mostraram que alguns fatores contribuem para o aumento de resiliência no grupo DA, sendo estes: sobrecarga, número de dias dedicados ao cuidado, grau de parentesco cônjuge, boa auto percepção de saúde física e a prática de outras atividades. Quanto ao grupo DM, as variáveis significativas foram apenas depressão e idade. Outros fatores foram relacionados à resiliência, tais como estresse, sobrecarga e outras variáveis. Cuidadores de idosos com DA apresentaram maiores níveis de ansiedade, estresse, sobrecarga e depressão comparados a cuidadores de pessoas com diabetes. Conclusões: cuidar de familiares com doenças crônicas, neurodegenerativas ou não, gera ansiedade, estresse, depressão e sobrecarga. Essas variáveis encontram-se mais acentuadas em cuidadores de idosos com DA.

Drones or Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) were first developed for military use in the start of the twentieth century and were part of a major push toward “airpower”. Nowadays they are available for the public, smaller and easier to fly. This comes with countless opportunities but also security risks. This essay aims to study military risk-taking in a context where this type of threat is prominent. To understand how future military commanders will act upon these threats, a quantitative study with hypothesis will form the basis for answering the question of which mechanism has effect on the level of risk-taking when the subject is faced with the threat of RPAS. The study shows that the support of the squad, self-experienced knowledge about the threat and previous experience of international service has an impact, but no statistical significance to support their effect on the degree of risk-taking in these survey-based scenarios. Surprisingly, age is one of the most significant results of increased risk-taking which forms new questions about risk, experience, and modern threats.