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Fysisk aktivitet som behandling mot depression har ett växande forskningsstöd. Denna uppsats utforskar vilka möjligheter och svårigheter som framkommer i psykologers beskrivning av att använda fysisk aktivitet som behandling. Vi gjorde semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta psykologer och använde en reflexiv tematisk analytisk metod. Vi fann att fysisk aktivitet framstår både som en lösning och samtidigt ganska problematiskt vilket fångas i det övergripande temat: Fysisk aktivitet har löst problem, eller inte som vi utforskar i fyra teman. Analysen visar hur fysisk aktivitet förstås genom idéer om objektivitet, medicinska teorier och psykologiska teorier eller modeller såsom beteendeaktivering. Vi undersöker också de problem som uppstår i psykologens vardag med fysisk aktivitet som intervention. Analysen innefattar även hur psykologens roll i vården ser ut och hur psykologer navigerar den i relation till fysisk aktivitet som är något olika yrkeskategorier i vården kan använda. Detta för att kunna bidra till diskussionen om hur rekommendationer utformas genom att ställa frågan: Fysisk aktivitet för vem? / Physical activity is a widely acknowledged and used intervention for treating depression. This study explores possibilities and difficulties in psychologists’ accounts of using physical activity in everyday practice. We investigated how eight psychologists described physical activity in everyday practice using a semi-structured approach. We used reflexive thematic analysis methodology to interpret data and identify how physical activity appears to provide both a solution and new problems to the psychologists. We capture an idea where physical activity isa solution of problems, or not and explore this idea in four themes. We explore how physical activity is made sense of through ideas of objectivity, medical theories and psychological theories or models as behavioral activation, but also potential problems that arise in the everyday practice of psychologists. Our analysis could be viewed as exploring how psychologists navigate their role in the everyday health care promoting physical activity. The result could also be part of discussions in policy making, raising the question: physical activityon whose terms?

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die effek van die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse bedeling kring uit na alle samelewingsterreine en die onderwys is nie hiervan uitgesluit nie. Hierdie navorsing is daarop toegespits om ondersoek in te stel na die funksionering en strukturering van, en nuwe moontlik:hede vir sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste. Met die skrapping van die apartheidsbeleid is sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste voor die werklik:heid gestel om in 'n multikulturele sarnelewing te funksioneer. In Suid-Afrika is multikulturele berading, hulpverlening en toetsing 'n haas onbekende terrein en die probleme word in hierdie navorsing aangespreek. In onderhawige studie is daar gekyk na die veranderende funksies van die opvoedkundige sielkundige en ander professionele persone verbonde aan skoolklinieke. Die besondere rol van die skoolvoorligter en die klasonderwyser is uitgelig. , Die nuwe politieke bedeling verg die herstrukturering van sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste. Die verskillende tersaaklike aspekte is bespreek en voorstelle is aan die hand gedoen. Oorkoepelende beplanning behoort op nasionale vlak te geskied, terwyl provinsiale strukture binne die raarnwerk van eiesoortige omstandighede en unieke behoeftes tot stand moet kom. Die onontbeerlike rol en funksie van hierdie diens en sy essensiele bydrae in die totstandkoming van 'n nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysbedeling is uitgewys. / The effect of the new South-African dispensation extends to all areas of society and education is not excluded. This research is aimed at investigating the functioning and structuring of psychological and counselling services as well as exploring the new possibilities of these services. With the scrapping of apartheid policies the psychological and counselling services are faced with the reality of functioning in a multicultural society. In South-Africa multicultural counselling, assistance and testing is a virtually unknown area and problems pertaining to these are addressed in this research. In the present study the changing functions of the educational psychologist and other professionals adherent to the school clinics are considered. The particular roles of the school counsellor and class teacher are highlighted. The new political dispensation requires the re-structuring of psychological and counselling services. The different relevant aspects are discussed and suggestions are put forward. Umbrella planning needs to be done on national level, while provincial structures must be brought about within the framework of distinctive circumstances and unique needs. The indispensable role and function of this service and its essential contribution to the bringing about of a new South-African education dispensation are pointed out. / Educational Studies / D. Ed.

Afrikaans text / As sielkundige in privaat praktyk neem die navorser waar dat 'n negatiewe selfkonsep onderliggend is tot verskeie aanmeldingsprobleme, asook die kind se onvermoe om te aktualiseer, ten einde sy volle potensiaal te bereik. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges het 'n behoefte geidentifiseer aan hulpverleningsingrepe om die probleem aan te spreek. Dit het gelei tot die daarstel van 'n model: "Model vir psigoterapeutiese vaardigheidsopleiding aan die kind met die oog op selfkonsepverbetering". Hierdie model het die opheffing van selfkonsepgebreke, deur middel van psigoterapeutiese vaardigheidsopleiding, ten doel. Die model is saamgestel vanuit die navorser se praktykervaring en 'n literatuurstudie wat gelei bet tot die samestelling van konseptuele raamwerke vir selfkonsep en psigoterapeutiese vaardigheidsopleiding. Seltkonsepgebreke is in hierdie studie in verband gebring met vaardigheidstekorte. Dit bet daartoe gelei dat selfkonsepgebreke aangespreek kon word deur gebruik te maak van vaardigheidsopleiding. Die slotsom waartoe gekom is, is dat daar 'n verbetering in die selfkonsep van kinders in die middelkinderjare plaasgevind bet met die toepassing van die model. Volgens opvoedkundige sielkundiges in privaatpraktyk le die waarde van die model en die riglyne vir die operasionalisering daarvan, daarin dat dit praktiese toepassingswaarde bet in die proses van hulpverlening. / As a psychologist in private practice, the researcher notices that a negative self-concept is underlying to several initial reported problems, as well as the child's inability to actualize in order to reach his full potential. Educational psychologists identified the necessity for supportive intervention to address this problem. This has led to the establishing of a model: "Model for psychotherapeutic skills training for the child with the purpose of improving self-concept". This model aims to relinquish self-concept shortcomings by means of psychotherapeutic skills training. This model has been constructed from the researcher's experience in her practice as well as a literature study, which led to the compilation of conceptual frameworks for self-concept and psychotherapeutic skills training. In this study, self-concept shortcomings have been linked to the lack of skills. This has resulted in self-concept shortcomings to be addressed by skills training. The conclusion which has been reached is that there is an improvement in the self-concept of children in mid-childhood years with the implementation of the model. According to educational psychologists in private practice, the value of the model and the guidelines for the implementation thereof, lie in the the fact that the model has practical applicational worth in the process of rendering support. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

This paper concentrates on the area of professional assistance, especially the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena in children and adolescents. The theoretical part introduces the history and current concept of altruistic behaviour, defines the basic social areas and activities for which assisting another human being is characteristic. Attention is also devoted to the services of the helping sector and its clientele. The introduction also includes the analysis of the assumptions and demands on the performance of helping profession, its hidden difficulties and the prevention of unprofessional conduct. Social deviations are a natural part of every society. They can be carried not only by adults, but also by children and adolescents. The causes, course and consequences of socially unacceptable behaviour are studied by professionals to whom the final chapter of the theoretical part of this paper is dedicated. The practical part complements the characteristics of selected helping professions listed in the theoretical part on the basis of statements obtained under the expert survey conducted among the individual professionals. It also provides their comparison on the basis of predefined specifics.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo expor a dificuldade que o psicólogo encontra para realizar um estudo sobre o indivíduo se não recorrer a outras esferas do saber além da ciência, como a arte, e mais especificamente, a literatura. Procura-se evidenciar que a ciência psicológica não abarca a descrição de muitos aspectos presentes na formação do indivíduo, mesmo a psicanálise freudiana, teoria considerada neste trabalho. Já a literatura pode fornecer tanto uma perspectiva histórica da cultura, como elementos que a própria razão não é capaz de apresentar. Nesse sentido, a literatura pode ser também crítica da ciência, pois tem condições de mostrar por que o inconsciente, por exemplo, se torna objeto de estudo científico somente a partir de um momento do capitalismo, quando as inúmeras mediações do capital estreitam o sentido da vida humana. A literatura permite entender como era o homem em outras épocas e, assim, ela fornece a medida das mudanças ocorridas no indivíduo, como sua perda de autonomia e dificuldade de formação. O exame dessas questões se baseia nas reflexões dos teóricos que compõem a Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, notadamente Theodor W. Adorno e Walter Benjamin, filósofos que se utilizaram largamente da psicanálise freudiana em seus ensaios. Alguns aspectos do romance de Franz Kafka, O processo, são analisados nesta pesquisa. A leitura dessa obra de Kafka, concomitante à leitura de alguns textos de Freud, permite entender como era o indivíduo da época desses autores, bem como fornece subsídios de sua constituição. A pesquisa está dividida em três partes. Na primeira são expostos princípios teóricos para descrever a relação entre indivíduo e cultura e para entender como o trabalho do artista expõe sua realidade. No segundo momento, por meio de reflexões sobre O processo, busca-se mostrar como o romance é capaz de expor as dificuldades de existência do indivíduo. E por fim, a terceira parte procura discutir alguns limites da psicanálise freudiana e algumas relações dessa teoria com os achados da literatura. Este estudo não pretende propor a rejeição da ciência, mas sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre seus limites e, portanto, para a ampliação dos mesmos / The present research strives to discuss the difficulty to conduct a study of the individual without considering other areas of knowledge beyond science, such as art, and more specifically, literature. It tries to show that psychological science can not to understand many aspects which are present in the formation of the individual, including the Freudian psychoanalysis, theory considered in this work. Literature can provide both historical perspective as well as elements of the culture, which reason itself is not capable. In this regard, literature can also be cr itical of science because it is able to show why the unconscious, for example, becomes an object of scientific study only from a specific point of capitalism while the numerous mediations of the capital narrow the meaning of human life. Moreover literature allows us to understand how human being was in another period, and thus it provides a dimension of changes of the individual, such as loss of autonomy and difficulty of formation. The study of these issues is based on the theory of some thinkers who compound the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, especially Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, philosophers who approached Freudian psychoanalysis in their essays. Some aspects of the novel by Franz Kafka, The Trial, are analyzed in this research. The reading of the work of Kafka together with some texts of Freud helps to understand how the individual of that period was, as well as, provides elements of their formation. The research is divided in three parts. First of all, theoretical principles are exposed to describe the relationship between the individual and culture and to understand how the work of the artist exposes his reality. Secondly, by thinking about The Trial, it seeks to show how modern novel is able to expose the difficulties of the individual existence. Finally, it discusses some limits of Freudian psychoanalysis and its relation to literature findings. This study does not intend to propose rejection of science, but rather contribute to the thinking and therefore broadening of its limits

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Pondian Tizzei.pdf: 1254296 bytes, checksum: 821b78893d656def50b7f139df412f8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Universidade Estadual Paulista J?lio de Mesquita Filho / This study attempted to reflect on the training of psychologists based on the Brazilian reality and, more specifically, on the Curriculum Emphases and profile of psychology courses in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Starting from an inquiry into the quality of training of the psychologist in a capitalist context, as such, has transformed education into a commodity to be consumed by many people. Initially, an explanation was made on educational policies governing higher education in a capitalist context that transforms education into a commodity to be consumed. Later on, we point out significant landmarks on the training of psychologists and school psychology focusing primarily on transformations involving policies related to curriculum structuring, as the Curriculum Minimum of the National Curriculum Guidelines. This work also is based on assumptions of Critical Psychology and Marxism as a way to analyze the social reality and therefore also training. We consider this important study because it has been increasing the number of private higher education institutions to the detriment of the public forming psychologists in Brazil. In the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, there are 7 of them, all being private, and this fact has considerably impacting the demand of incoming students as well as graduates. Thus, this study aimed to understand and analyze the training of school psychologists from the curricular changes presented in Pedagogical Projects Course. Used as the basis for the research method the Historical and Dialectical Materialism to realize that the quest for understanding the essence of this phenomenon is determined by historical issues of Brazilian reality. Dialectics is the movement that allows the researcher a view from the contradictions of this reality and, therefore, is another look at the research in Psychology. Also we base this work on Qualitative Research presented by Critical Psychology that does not disregard the quantitative analysis of the formation, but this involves a process of knowledge. To this, 4 were considered institutions of Campinas Metropolitan Region which allowed access to the reading of the Pedagogical Projects Course and the interview with the coordinators responsible for them. Our analysis showed the predominance of at least one of the emphases of the course in health institutions in all and only one of them in education. We also identified that the choice of emphasis is given by the greatest possibility of student employability of newly formed psychology and at the same time, greater integration in this field or area of expertise demands higher inflow of students in psychology course these institutions. / Este trabalho procurou fazer uma reflex?o sobre a forma??o do psic?logo partindo da realidade brasileira e, mais especificamente, sobre as ?nfases Curriculares e o perfil dos cursos de Psicologia na Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas. Partiu-se de um questionamento acerca da qualidade da forma??o do psic?logo num contexto capitalista que, como tal, tem transformado a educa??o numa mercadoria a ser consumida por muitas pessoas. Inicialmente, foi feita uma explana??o sobre as pol?ticas educacionais que regem a educa??o superior num contexto capitalista, que transforma a educa??o num bem a ser consumido. Posteriormente, apontamos marcos significativos sobre a forma??o do psic?logo e a Psicologia Escolar enfocando, principalmente, nas transforma??es que envolveram as pol?ticas referentes ?s estrutura??es curriculares, como o Curr?culo M?nimo de as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Este trabalho se fundamenta ainda em pressupostos da Psicologia Cr?tica e do Marxismo como forma de an?lise da realidade social e, portanto, tamb?m da forma??o. Consideramos este estudo importante, pois vem sendo crescente o n?mero de Institui??es de Ensino Superior privadas em detrimento das p?blicas que formam psic?logos no Brasil. Na Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas, existem 7 delas, sendo todas privadas, e esse fato vem impactando consideravelmente a demanda de estudantes ingressantes bem como de profissionais formados. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo compreender e analisar a forma??o de psic?logos escolares a partir das mudan?as curriculares apresentadas nos Projetos Pedag?gicos de Curso. Utilizamos como fundamento para o m?todo de pesquisa o Materialismo Hist?rico e Dial?tico por compreender que a bu ca pela compreens?o da ess?ncia deste fen?meno ? determinada por quest?es hist?ricas da realidade brasileira. A dial?tica ? o movimento que permite ao pesquisador um olhar a partir das contradi??es dessa realidade e que, portanto, ? um outro olhar para a pesquisa em Psicologia. Fundamentamos tamb?m este trabalho na Pesquisa Qualitativa apresentada pela Psicologia Cr?tica que n?o desconsidera a an?lise quantitativa da forma??o, mas a envolve nesse processo de conhecimento. Para isso, foram consideradas 4 institui??es da Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas que permitiram o acesso ? leitura dos Projetos Pedag?gicos de Curso e a entrevista com os coordenadores respons?veis por eles. Nossa an?lise apontou a predomin?ncia de pelo menos uma das ?nfases do curso na ?rea da sa?de em todas as institui??es e apenas uma delas na educa??o. Identificamos tamb?m que a escolha das ?nfases se d? pela maior possibilidade de inser??o profissional do estudante de psicologia rec?m formado e que, ao mesmo tempo, a maior inser??o neste campo ou ?rea de atua??o demanda maior ingresso dos estudantes no curso de Psicologia dessas institui??es.

This work is focused on the evaluation and verification of the criteria of success foster care on the basis of their own experience. Affects the overall trend of the development of the child in the context of the family and the wider society. The key theme of this study is, above all, approach the importance and advantages of foster care, or clarify so much discussed questions of education of children in substitute family environment in terms of celospolečenského scale. To achieve the desired outcome here were used not only to their own knowledge and experience, which are processed in the individual kasuistikách, but also the conclusions of the expert examination of pedagogical-psychological counseling and specially-educational centre. The thesis has been processed on the basis of personal long- standing observation and study the behaviour of children in foster care, which are pursued and carried out directly in the family of the author thesis. Total of pattern 8 children, which over time have been adopted into the family of the author, and this was how the children of different sexes, different ethnic origin, different state of health and, not least, of the individual and the sibling group. For all of these children have been possible directly in practice to monitor their development and progress,...

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo expor a dificuldade que o psicólogo encontra para realizar um estudo sobre o indivíduo se não recorrer a outras esferas do saber além da ciência, como a arte, e mais especificamente, a literatura. Procura-se evidenciar que a ciência psicológica não abarca a descrição de muitos aspectos presentes na formação do indivíduo, mesmo a psicanálise freudiana, teoria considerada neste trabalho. Já a literatura pode fornecer tanto uma perspectiva histórica da cultura, como elementos que a própria razão não é capaz de apresentar. Nesse sentido, a literatura pode ser também crítica da ciência, pois tem condições de mostrar por que o inconsciente, por exemplo, se torna objeto de estudo científico somente a partir de um momento do capitalismo, quando as inúmeras mediações do capital estreitam o sentido da vida humana. A literatura permite entender como era o homem em outras épocas e, assim, ela fornece a medida das mudanças ocorridas no indivíduo, como sua perda de autonomia e dificuldade de formação. O exame dessas questões se baseia nas reflexões dos teóricos que compõem a Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, notadamente Theodor W. Adorno e Walter Benjamin, filósofos que se utilizaram largamente da psicanálise freudiana em seus ensaios. Alguns aspectos do romance de Franz Kafka, O processo, são analisados nesta pesquisa. A leitura dessa obra de Kafka, concomitante à leitura de alguns textos de Freud, permite entender como era o indivíduo da época desses autores, bem como fornece subsídios de sua constituição. A pesquisa está dividida em três partes. Na primeira são expostos princípios teóricos para descrever a relação entre indivíduo e cultura e para entender como o trabalho do artista expõe sua realidade. No segundo momento, por meio de reflexões sobre O processo, busca-se mostrar como o romance é capaz de expor as dificuldades de existência do indivíduo. E por fim, a terceira parte procura discutir alguns limites da psicanálise freudiana e algumas relações dessa teoria com os achados da literatura. Este estudo não pretende propor a rejeição da ciência, mas sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre seus limites e, portanto, para a ampliação dos mesmos / The present research strives to discuss the difficulty to conduct a study of the individual without considering other areas of knowledge beyond science, such as art, and more specifically, literature. It tries to show that psychological science can not to understand many aspects which are present in the formation of the individual, including the Freudian psychoanalysis, theory considered in this work. Literature can provide both historical perspective as well as elements of the culture, which reason itself is not capable. In this regard, literature can also be cr itical of science because it is able to show why the unconscious, for example, becomes an object of scientific study only from a specific point of capitalism while the numerous mediations of the capital narrow the meaning of human life. Moreover literature allows us to understand how human being was in another period, and thus it provides a dimension of changes of the individual, such as loss of autonomy and difficulty of formation. The study of these issues is based on the theory of some thinkers who compound the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, especially Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, philosophers who approached Freudian psychoanalysis in their essays. Some aspects of the novel by Franz Kafka, The Trial, are analyzed in this research. The reading of the work of Kafka together with some texts of Freud helps to understand how the individual of that period was, as well as, provides elements of their formation. The research is divided in three parts. First of all, theoretical principles are exposed to describe the relationship between the individual and culture and to understand how the work of the artist exposes his reality. Secondly, by thinking about The Trial, it seeks to show how modern novel is able to expose the difficulties of the individual existence. Finally, it discusses some limits of Freudian psychoanalysis and its relation to literature findings. This study does not intend to propose rejection of science, but rather contribute to the thinking and therefore broadening of its limits

Clients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) interact with healthcare professionals in compelling ways. By virtue of the symptoms that define BPD, it is likely that the client will challenge the therapist with regards to their theoretical approach or therapeutic style. In addition, clients with BPD are likely to project their need for a therapeutic interaction that is both genuine, empathic and at the same time, flexible. In light of this, it is not uncommon for healthcare practitioners to consider clients with BPD as “difficult” in some way or the other. This study explores how clinical psychologists in Gauteng conceptualise and manage a “difficult” client presenting with Borderline Personality Disorder. Further, coping strategies of the clinician will also be explored. The qualitative study, couched in a social constructionist paradigm, involved interviewing seven clinical psychologists practicing in Gauteng, South Africa. The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. The findings of the current study indicated that the difficulties experienced are reflective of the general criteria of the disorder. The picture of the difficult client is painted by personal experience, as well as stereotypes gained from interactions with colleagues and other healthcare professionals. It was further found that management of these patients were viewed and implemented based on the nature of the disorder. In addition, management by the clinician often included supervision and leisure activities. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)