Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die begin van die nuwe millennium word gekenmerk deur radikale vooruitgang op tegnologiese gebied, paradigmatiese verskuiwings in natuur- en geesteswetenskappe, toenemende onsekerheid oor wat die ware aard van die mens is en hoe die een mens die ander verantwoordbaar kan help met die oplossing van probleme en herstel van menswaardigheid deur middel van opvoedkundige sielkundige ondersteuning. Navorsing is ondemeem om 'n beeld te verkry van wat 'n verantwoordbare opvoedkundige sielkundige praktyk met besondere verwysing na pedoterapie, kan wees. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen aangaande grondeise van 'n verantwoordbare opvoedkundige sielkundige praktyk in historieskomtemporere konteks. 'n Verdere literatuurstudie is gedoen aangaande 'n verantwoordelike en verantwoordbare pedoterapeutiese praktyk in opvoedings- en medemenslikheidsperspektief. 'n Teoretiese fundering van pedoterapie is gedoen, waarin daar, onder andere, klem geplaas is op 'n ontleding van die begrip en idee pedoterapie, pedoterapeutiese verhoudinge, diagnostisering, vorme van pedoterapie en die aard enrol van 'n mensbeeld in die opvoedkundige sielkundige praktyk. 'n Soektog na kategoriee waarmee 'n verantwoordbare Sielkundige Opvoedkundige wetenskap en opvoedkundige sielkundige praktyk beskryf kan word, is ondemeem. Daarna is kriteria vir die evaluering van pedoterapeutiese arbeid geformuleer. Die oorsprong vir en die waarde van 'n universele etiese kode vir terapeute is teen die agtergrond van 'n mensbeeld bespreek. Aan die hand van 'n empiriese ondersoek is daar bepaal wat die stand van opvoedkundige sielkundige teorie en praktyk teenswoordig sou wees. Hierdie empiriese ondersoek is met idiografiese onderhoude uitgevoer, waama idiogramme saamgestel is. Met die empiriese ondersoek is daar gepoog om 'n beeld te verkry van hoe vertroud hedendaagse praktisyns met teoretiese grondslae en die waarde van 'n ontologiese mensbeeld, die waarde van evalueringskriteria en die stand van die Sielkundige Opvoedkunde se toepassingsmoontlikhede vir die pedoterapeutiese praktyk is of nie is nie. Deelnemende opvoedkundige sielkundige praktisyns se praktyksbenadering in etiese en praktiese konteks is verkry asook bulle oordele van, onder meer, heersende voorskrifte en voorstelle ter bevordering van die opvoedkundige sielkundige praktyk. 'n Aantal aanbevelings is gemaak op grond van die bevindinge vanuit die totale studie. 'n Aanloop tot die daarstelling van 'n etiese kode vir opvoedkundige sielkundiges is gemaak. / The beginning of the new millennium is characterized by radical technological progress, paradigm shifts in natural and human sciences, increasing uncertainty about the real nature of the human being and how one person can assist another in an accountable way with solving problems in order to restore human dignity through educational psychological assistance. Research is carried out to determine what an accountable educational psychological practice, with special reference to pedotherapy, should entail. A literature study regarding basic requirements of an accountable educational psychological practice in historical and contemporary perspective is included. A further literature study is executed concerning an accountable pedotherapeutic practice. A theoretical grounding of pedotherapy is included in the literature study and specific attention is given to an analysis of the concepts and ideas of pedotherapy. pedotherapeutic relationships, the diagnostic approach and forms of pedotherapy. The nature and role of a view of human kind in educational psychological practice is also discussed. Categories describing an accountable science of Psychology of Education and its practice are presented. Subsequent criteria for the evaluation of pedotherapeutic endeavour are formulated. Origins for and the value of a universal code of ethics for pedotherapists are discussed against the background of a view of human kind. By means of an empirical investigation it is determined what the current status of Psychology of Education in theory and practice is. This investigation is conducted by means of idiographic interviews and afterwards idiogrammes are compiled to determine to what extent practitioners are conversant with theoretical foundations and an ontological view of human kind, the value of evaluation criteria and the possibilities presented by the insights of Psychology of Education and how practitioners approach their practice in ethical stance. Also the views of practitioners on current prescriptions and their suggestions for improving educational psychological practice are obtained. A number of recommendations is presented in the light of findings from the entire study. A trial run for the formulation of an ethical code for educational psychologists is presented. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

This thesis deals with a multidisciplinary approach to clients suffering from schizophrenia. The main aim is to reflex the multidisciplinary approach to schizophrenic clients, appealing to social work and having respect to ethical principles of participating branches. The work includes chapters that are necessarily coherent to this topic. These are mainly the social work in the context of schizophrenia, specifics of schizophrenia, the structure of the multidisciplinary team, team work and all ethical aspects arising out of team work and individual experts' work. This thesis tries to link up theoretical and practical knowledge, mainly by means of casuistry and practical observations.

This papee presents a brief history about the origin and development of the proyecrive techniques in Peru. A questionnaire was administercd ro universitiy professors and members of the Peruvian Rorschach and Proyecrive Merhods Sociery in order ro collect data concerning the test rraining situation. Results indicare that there is a broad vicw towards scientific thought that stresses research and rhe use of standardized tests. lt is also pointed out, rhat the conceptual frame work is based on current changes in psychology. / Se presenta una breve historia sobre el origen y desarrollo de las pruebas psicológicas proyectivas en el Perú. Se administró una encuesta a profesores universitarios y a miembros de la Sociedad Peruana de Rorschach y Métodos Proyectivos, con el propósito de conocer la situación actual de la enseñanza de pruebas. Los resultados demuestran que existe una corriente de apertura hacia el pensamiento científico, con énfasis en la investigación y en el empleo de pruebas estandarizadas. Asimismo se muestra que el marco conceptual de trabajo está basado en los cambios actuales en psicología.

AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie behels drie narratiewe wat gekonstrueer is uit onderhoude met boere wat die boerdery na 1994 verlaat het. Die fokus van die studie is om die private en openbare diskoerse wat ’n konteks skep vir boere om die boerdery te verlaat, te identifiseer. Daar is tans ’n eksodus van boere uit die landbou. Hierdie tendens skep ’n konteks vir destabilisasie van die platteland en beïnvloed al die betrokke rolspelers. Tog is min of geen navorsing in die sielkunde oor die belewenisse van hierdie groep mense onderneem nie. Die navorsing is uitgevoer vanuit ’n sosiale konstruksionistiese benadering wat binne die postmoderne diskoers geanker is. ’n Diskoersanalise is uitgevoer op die teks van drie navorsingsdeelnemers wat nog tot onlangs toe geboer het, maar intussen hul narratiewe moes rekonstrueer. Die unieke betekenis wat deur die navorsingsteks gekonstrueer word, is dat die verduidelikende lokus vir menslike gedrag vanaf die klassieke fokus op persoonlike belewenisse en verstandelike prosesse wat binne individue gesetel is, na ’n fokus op prosesse en strukture van menslike interaksie verskuif. Die navorsingsteks beskik dus oor die vermoë om ’n bewustheid by sielkundiges en verwante beroepe te konstrueer om vanuit ’n nuwe perspektief na die sielkundige diskoers te kyk. In hoofstuk een deel ek my eie boerderynarratief met die leser en stel die navorsingsvraag bekend. In hoofstuk twee word die konteks waarbinne boerdery in Suid-Afrika gesitueer is, aan die hand van ’n literatuurstudie uiteengesit. Dit word in hoofstuk drie opgevolg met ’n verduideliking van die paradigmatiese vertrekpunt, naamlik sosiale konstruksionisme. Diskoersanalise wat as ’n metode gebruik word om die teks te eksploreer word ook bespreek. Met hierdie agtergrond in gedagte word daar in hoofstuk vier oorgegaan na die fokus van die navorsing, naamlik die eksplorasie van teks. ’n Diskoersanalise is op die teks van drie navorsingsdeelnemers gedoen. Diskoerse wat in die proses geïdentifiseer is, sluit die volgende in: gesin-van-oorsprong-diskoers; beroepsdiskoers; politieke diskoers; misdaad-diskoers; ekonomiese diskoers; stoettelersdiskoers; middelman-diskoers; patriargale diskoers; ouderdomsdiskoers; beleggingsdiskoers; biomediese diskoers; opvoedingsdiskoers; die koöperasie as ’n instelling; sowel as diskoerse wat in die pers gevoer word. Hierdie diskoerse vorm saam die konteks waarbinne boere besluite oor hul toekoms neem. Die bevindings word nie as die waarheid hanteer nie, maar as die waarheid wat deur taal en magsverhoudings in stand gehou word. U word genooi om verder te lees en die sentrale posisie wat taal beklee in die skepping van die realiteit van die mens se bestaan, en in die konstruering van die navorsingsnarratief, vir uself te ontdek. ENGLISH : This study comprises three narratives that were constructed from interviews conducted with farmers who had given up farming after 1994. The focus of the study is to identify the private and public discourses that create a context for farmers to give up farming. Currently, an exodus of farmers is taking place from agriculture. This trend creates a context for the destabilisation of rural areas and affects all parties involved. However, in the field of psychology little research, if any, has been conducted into the experiences of this group of people. The research was conducted from a social constructionism approach anchored in the postmodern discourse. A discourse analysis was done of the text of three research participants who had been farming until recently, but who since had to reconstruct their narratives. The unique meaning constructed by the research text is that the explanatory locus of human behaviour has moved away from the classic focus on personal experiences and mental processes residing in individuals, to a focus on processes and structures of human interaction. The research text has the potential of constructing awareness among psychologists and related professions to view the psychological discourse from a new perspective. In chapter one I share my own farming narrative with the reader and introduce the research question. Chapter two comprises the context in which the farming industry is situated in South Africa based on a study of relevant literature. That is followed by an explanation of the paradigmatic point of departure known as social constructionism in chapter three. Discourse analysis is also discussed as a method used to explore the text. Bearing this in mind, chapter four moves on to the research focus, that is the exploration of text. A discourse analysis was done of the text of three research participants. Discourses identified in the process include the following: family-of-origin discourse; career discourse; political discourse; crime discourse; economic discourse; stud-farming discourse; middleman discourse; patriarchal discourse; age discourse; investment discourse; bio-medical discourse; educational discourse; the cooperative as an institution; as well as discourses conducted in the press. Together these discourses form the context within which farmers make decisions about their future. The findings are not dealt with as the truth, but as the truth maintained in language and relationships of power. You are invited to read on and to discover for yourself the central position which language holds in creating the reality of man’s existence and in constructing the research narrative. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

PsicoFriendly brinda el servicio integral en diagnóstico y terapia psicológica online por videollamada desde el App PsicoFriendly a cargo de Psicólogos habilitados por el Colegio de Psicólogos del Perú, donde el paciente tendrá acceso ilimitado a sesiones de terapia autoguiada a través de audio y video y contará con el acompañamiento y control de su recuperación a cargo del asistente virtual. En este sentido, el servicio está diseñado en tres planes de diagnóstico y terapias, de acuerdo, a la necesidad del segmento de clientes que son varones y mujeres entre 18 a 55 años de nivel socioeconómico A, B y C1 en Lima Metropolitana, que padecen problema emocional como secuela de la enfermedad de cáncer o debido a la pandemia Covid-19, se busca generar en el paciente una experiencia de acompañamiento, tranquilidad, confianza y ahorro de tiempo al brindar el servicio. Cabe indicar, que el negocio es escalable con proyecciones de crecimiento entre 4% a 10% anual llegando a facturar en el quinto año S/ 778,529 en ventas de los tres tipos de planes. Por ello, según la evaluación del plan económico financiero se necesita una inversión de S/129,299 para poner en marcha el negocio, que será financiado el 65% con aporte de accionistas y el 35% con préstamo del banco, que en cinco años generará un VPN del FCLD de S/ 646,778 para todos los inversionistas y un VPN del FCNI de S/ 741,528 para los socios accionistas. / PsicoFriendly is an online psychological therapy service and provides comprehensive services in diagnosis through video calls from the PsicoFriendly application managed by psychologists authorized by the Peruvian College of Psychologists. Our patients get unlimited access to self-guided therapy sessions through audio and video recovery sessions with the accompaniment of the virtual assistant. In this sense, the service is designed with three diagnosis and therapy plans, according to the needs of the of clients who are men and women between 18 and 55 years of age from socioeconomic status A, B and C1 in Metropolitan Lima and they suffer from emotional issues as a consequence of cancer diseases or Covid-19 pandemic. The aim is to generate an experience of accompaniment, tranquility, confidence and timeliness for the patient. It should be noted that the business is scalable with growth projections between 4% to 10% per year, reaching a turnover in the fifth year of S/ 778,529 in sales for the each of the three diagnosis and therapy plans. Therefore, according to the evaluation of the financial economic plan, an investment of S/ 129,299 is needed to start the business, which will be financed 65% with contributions from shareholders and 35% with a bank loan, which in five years will generate a NPV (Net Present Value) of FCF (Free Cash Flow) of S/ 646,778 for all investors and a NPV (Net Present Value) of FCNI (Investor Net Cash flow) of S/ 741,528 for shareholders. / Trabajo de investigación

Con el inicio de la pandemia del covid19, toda la humanidad pasó por momentos muy complicados en sus vidas, muchísimo más las personas que necesitan de alguna ayuda por diferentes problemas y no tienen con quién desahogarse; en medio de todo el caos nace la idea de crear un espacio en donde las personas puedan comunicarse con un profesional de la salud mental que los ayude a pasar por estos procesos tan complicados, no solo durante esta pandemia transitoria sino también luego de la misma, ayudarlos a pasar por los diferentes problemas que se crean por estar encerrado tantos meses, por no tener contacto con absolutamente nadie con quien no vivas, por perder a diferentes seres queridos de forma tan abrupta e inesperada, por el dolor tan profundo de la soledad en la que se encuentran millones de personas dado a estos acontecimientos. D´Mente es el nombre que se le dio al presente proyecto desarrollado en medio de la pandemia mundial del covid19, que tiene como función principal que jóvenes entre 18 y 28 años de edad tengan un espacio seguro en el cuál puedan hablar con los diferentes psicólogos contratados, estas charlas individuales o grupales se realizarán por medio de una aplicación desarrollada específicamente para este proyecto, los jóvenes no solo tienen la opción de tener sesiones semanales entre 45 y 60 minutos dependiendo del plan por el que opten (Standard y Premium), sino también podrán descargar música, participar de sesiones grupales, realizar actividades que los ayuden a distraer su mente, entre otras. Cabe resaltar que la salud mental es un tema del cuál se debería poder hablar abiertamente y por el cual se debería tener mucha más información sobre ayuda de la que se encuentra hoy en día, es dado a la falta de información encontrada que se le ha concedido una gran importancia en los últimos años y se ha creado una aplicación para que se faciliten muchos temas, todos se merecen estar tranquilos, poder conversar de sus problemas y ser felices con sus vidas día a día. / With the beginning of covid-19, the pandemic to be more specific, all of humanity went through very complicated moments on their lives, a lot of people needed more help for different problems and have no one to vent to. In the middle of all the chaos and death, it was born the idea of ​​creating a space where people could communicate with a professional of mental health to help them go through these complicated processes, not only during this transitory pandemic but also after everything, this space is to help them go through different problems that are created by being locked up for so many months, by not having contact with absolutely anyone whom you do not live with, by losing different loved ones so abruptly and unexpectedly, by the deep pain of loneliness in which millions of people are now a days. D'Mente is the name given to this project developed in the middle of the global covid-19 pandemic, whose main function is that young people between 18 and 28 years old have a safe space in which they can talk with different psychologists, this individual or group talks will be carried out through an application developed specifically for this project, young people not only have the option of having weekly sessions between 45 and 60 minutes depending on the plan they choose (Standard and Premium), but also they will be able to download music, participate in group sessions, perform activities that help them distract their minds, among others. We have to be very aware that mental health is a topic that should be openly discussed and for which there should be much more information about help than is found today, due to the lack of information found an application has been created to facilitate many topics, everyone deserves to be calm, everyone deserves to be able to talk about their problems and be happy with their life’s day by day. / Trabajo de investigación

Thesis "The health and social worker in cooperation with a multidisciplinary team in the care of chronically ill children "deals with the verification of the need and importance of multidisciplinary cooperation of the health and social worker with other professionals in the care of chronically ill children. The theoretical part deals with chronic ill children, its impact on the child and the family, describes the function of a health and social worker and other members of a multidisciplinary team with the aim of cooperation within a multidisciplinary team in the care of a chronically ill child. In the practical part, mutual cooperation is verified using the method of qualitative research, interview and case studies. The work is supplemented by a created relationship map of multidisciplinary cooperation in relation to a chronically ill child. Keywords Social worker in healthcare, multidisciplinary team, chronic ill child, hospital, social work, support, family, doctor, psychologist, therapist.

This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of occupational stress and burnout syndrome among psychologists and special pedagogues employed in Educational and Psychological Counselling Centers. The main objective of the thesis was to explore occupational stress and burnout in these helping professions and to identify effective coping strategies and preventive measures. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two main sections. The first section defines the concepts of occupational stress and burnout, describes main theoretical model related to these concepts, and examines coping strategies and prevention. The second part focuses on the profession of psychologist and special pedagogues, with a specific focus on occupational health risk typical for these helping professions. The theoretical part of the thesis is concluded with a research review of relevant international and Czech empirical studies. The empirical part of the thesis aimed to explore, via qualitative research, subjective experiences of stress and burnout among psychologists and special pedagogues employed in Educational and Psychological Counselling Centers. Relatedly, the research aimed to identify coping strategies and prevention measures. The data were obtained using semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. The...

Background: Compassion-fatigue is a condition which therapists are forced into as a consequence of the nature of their work. The phenomenon has historically, and to some extent currently, been described as secondary trauma, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress and burnout. The goal of this paper is to bring clarity as to what the phenomenon is and how it has been used in research, how common it is, what factors have been identified in the research that increase or decrease risk of developing it and lastly if any attempts have been made to develop a specific approach in preventing and/or treating the condition. Method: This current paper is a scoping review with a systematic approach.12 published studies, quantitative and qualitative in nature, were included and passed for review. Results: The result of the review indicates a deficit in data regarding prevalence of the phenomenon in the population and a general lack of randomized and experimental data. Most of the published studies were exploring psychologist experiences and secondarily attempting to identify factors predicting the development of compassion-fatigue. In conclusion, the phenomenon, regardless of what term is used, seems to be clearly delineated from conditions more akin to exhaustion and depression. Discussion: According to this study compassion-fatigue seems to be a condition that is sparked by the extraneous use of one’s empathic abilities past a tolerable point. Increased exposure by psychologists to work with patients with trauma may increase the risk of developing compassion-fatigue. It is still unknown what the mechanisms are that causes the condition and its prevalence among the population and further research, preferably randomized and experimental with comparison groups, is needed in order for this area to be fully mapped and explained.

This research was an investigation of three domains identified through a thorough review of the literature as fundamental to the equitable implementation of Response to Intervention (RtI) with English language learners (ELLs): (1) degree of intercultural sensitivity of educators involved in the RtI process, (2) training of educators in implementation of RtI with ELLs, and (3) educator familiarity with empirically-based interventions for use with ELLs. The validity of using RtI with ELLs has been questioned by both supporters and detractors of the model (Linan-Thompson & Ortiz, 2009). The most fundamental tenets of RtI are predicated upon the use of empirically validated interventions and the application of culturally responsive educational practices that provide equitable learning opportunities for all students. Due to the critical role of school psychologists in the development and implementation of RtI models, a questionnaire was designed for use with this population to explore the three domains delineated above. The Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS; Chen & Starosta, 2000) was used to document participants' degree of intercultural sensitivity. Additional questions addressing domains two and three strategically juxtaposed participants' experiences with and perceptions regarding RtI with native English speakers versus RtI with ELLs. Through a series of eight research questions and the associated analyses, the following conclusions were reached: (1) Statistically significantly higher mean scores on the ISS were present among those respondents who identified themselves as Hispanic/Latino/Spanish and/or fluent in more than one language; (2) Statistically significant differences were documented in participants' responses to items focused on perceptions of training for implementing RtI with native English speakers versus training for implementing RtI with ELLs; and (3) Statistically significant differences were found in participants' responses to items inquiring about perceptions of familiarity with empirically-based interventions for use within an RtI framework with native English speakers in comparison to ELLs. Taken together, and in conjunction with a qualitative analysis of two open-ended questions, these results suggest the presence of considerable delays in school psychologists' training and perceptions of preparedness to implement RtI with a linguistically diverse population as compared to native English speakers. This outcome is disconcerting, given the emphasis throughout the literature on the importance of unique considerations required to implement RtI equitably with ELLs. Recommendations for practice and future research are provided that emphasize the need for additional research and training in implementing RtI with a linguistically diverse population.