The purpose of this study was to examine psychosomaticsymptomsissuesamongst children and adolescents between the ages of 0-18 years and to clarify the underlying factors.Method: Literature study based on 10 scientific articles.Results: Psychosomatic issues amongst children and adolescents, due to stress, were common in Europe and Scandinavia. The symptoms varied between gender and age. The underlying factors were mainly school environmental issues, home conditions, socio-economic situations and disputes with teachers and peers. The symptoms varied from headache, gastro intestinal problems and insomnia to eating disorders, depression and pounding heart.               Conclusion: The future of children’s psychosomatic health depends on interventions on all levels of society since they are affected by everything from school environment and home conditions to unemployment and recession. / Syftet med denna studie var att belysa psykosomatiska symptom hos barn och ungdomar i åldrarna 0-18 år samt tydliggöra bakomliggande orsaker.Metod: Litteraturstudie baserat på 10 stycken vetenskapliga artiklar.Resultat: Barn i Europa, främst Skandinavien, upplevde olika psykosomatiska symptom till följd av stressande händelser och dessa symptom varierade även mellan ålder och kön. Skolmiljön var en stor utlösande faktor, likväl som hemförhållanden, socioekonomisk situation och osämja med lärare, jämnåriga och familjemedlemmar. Symptomen var allt från huvudvärk, mag- tarmproblem och sömnsvårigheter till nedstämdhet, ätstörningar och hjärtklappning.Slutsats: Barns framtida psykosomatiska hälsa är beroende av insatser på alla nivåer i samhället, då de påverkas av allt från skolmiljöerna de befinner sig i och hemförhållanden, till arbetslöshet och lågkonjunktur.

The purpose of this study is to find out what effect and meaning the youths’ describe that  music has for their wellbeing. The idea is to examine how students studying music at the esthetic program describe that they perceive that practicing music and listening to different types of music affect their wellbeing, with focus on psychosomatic and psychic symptoms. The point is also to examine why the youths think that music can affect their feelings and wellbeing and why they perceive that music is important to them. The study is qualitative and starts from a life world phenomenological perspective. Music is regarded as a phenomenon in this study. The study’s data was collected through a survey which was performed at three different gymnasiums in southern Sweden. The result presents that music listening and music practicing can reduce many of the youths’ psychosomatic and psychic symptoms – mainly by music affecting the youths’ feelings in different ways, making them feel good, creating fellowship and acting as an escape route from reality. Two types of music that can make the youths feel better is calm music and happy music. It also appears that music can increase psychic and psychosomatic symptoms in a way that different types of music can increase symptoms such as anxiety, worry, sleep difficulties and stress. Music described as sad is a type of music that is mentioned making these symptoms worse. The music is important for the youths in different ways. Examples given are that it’s a part of them as individuals, that it works as a support and that it can affect their wellbeing and feelings. The result also presents why the youths think that music can­­­ affect their wellbeing and feelings. The primary point that emerges is that they describe that there is a connection between humans, memories and feelings; that music can affect and amplify peoples’ feelings and memories. In the discussion it appears that music could be used in order to decrease the youths’ psychosomatic and psychic symptoms.

Abstract The sample consisted of 419 twins, born in 1965–1973, from Northern Finland who had been followed at ten-year intervals, at 2–10 years, 12–20 years and at 22–30 years of age. Data on psychosomatic symptoms, parent-twin and inter-twin relationships were elicited, and twins completed the Children's Depression Inventory modified for age. Middle adolescence appeared to be the most difficult phase of puberty for twins as far as depressive and psychosomatic/somatic symptoms were concerned. When different twin pairs were evaluated separately, the males of opposite-sex twin pairs seemed to be in the most favourable position, particularly in late adolescence, as they reported least depressive symptoms. Depressive and psychosomatic symptoms were evaluated in relation to parental preference among young adult twins. Parental preference was evaluated in two directions: which one of the parents was reported to feel as being closer to the twin – experienced parental preference evaluated by the twin, and which one of the parents the twin felt closer to – twin's own preference. Those males who were equally close to both parents (experienced parental preference) had least total depressiveness, while females in intermediate situation had the highest self-confidence and least anhedonia and nervousness. According to twins' own preference, twins who felt equally close to both parents had least total depressiveness and anhedonia. The intermediate position seems to be the best alternative, as these twins had the least symptoms. Psychosomatic and depressive symptoms were evaluated in relation to co-twin dependence in young adult twins. MZ twins, especially MZ females, reported most often co-twin dependence at all ages. There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms between dependent and independent twins. Twin's subjective experience about co-twin dependence appeared to be important for the twin's mental well-being, as dependence-independence imbalance within twin pair was associated with elevated levels of depressive symptom reporting, especially in twins who perceived themselves as dependent and the co-twin as independent. Dominance-submissiveness between co-twins and its relationship to mental health was assessed in young adulthood. Dominance-submissiveness in the twin relationships was assessed separately in three domains of life: physical and psychological dominance-submissiveness and the role of a spokesperson. Submissiveness in the psychological domain seemed to be associated with increased depressiveness, nervous complaints and psychosomatic symptoms in males of male-female twin pairs. Among females of same-sex twin pairs, submissiveness in the psychological domain was most clearly associated with depressive symptoms. We conclude that being submissive, especially in the psychological domain, to a female twin partner seems to be stressful, whereas it is easier, especially for females, to be submissive to a male twin partner. This was in contrast to co-twin dependency, which was experienced positively when occurring towards a twin sister.

Background: Type D personality, or the "distressed personality", is a psychosocial factor associated with negative health outcomes, although its impact in younger populations is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Type D personality and the associations between Type D personality and psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain among adolescences. Methods: A population-based, self-reported cross-sectional study conducted in Vastmanland, Sweden with a cohort of 5012 students in the age between 15-18 years old. The participants completed the anonymous questionnaire Survey of Adolescent Life in Vastmanland 2008 during class hour. Psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain were measured through index measuring the presence of symptoms and how common they were. DS14 and its two component subscales of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) were measured as well. Results: There was a difference depending on sex, where 10.4% among boys and 14.6% among girls (p = < 0.001) were defined as Type D personality. Boys and girls with a Type D personality had an approximately 2-fold increased odds of musculoskeletal pain and a 5-fold increased odds of psychosomatic symptoms. The subscale NA explained most of the relationship between Type D personality and psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain. No interaction effect of NA and SI was found. Conclusions: There was a strong association between Type D personality and both psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain where adolescent with a type D personality reported more symptoms. The present study contributes to the mapping of the influence of Type D on psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain among adolescents.

Bakgrund: Mobbning utgör ett allvarligt problem i svenska skolor. Huvudvärk, magont, ryggont, nacksmärtor och trötthet är frekventa psykosomatiska symtom hos elever utsatta för mobbning. En viktig uppgift för skolsköterskan kan vara förebyggandet av mobbning. Syfte: var att studera om det finns samband mellan upplevelsen av att vara utsatt för mobbning och förekomst av psykosomatiska symtom hos skolbarn i årskurs 5 och 7. Metod: Studien var en tvärsnittsstudie utifrån registerdata inhämtad från Folkhälsoinstitutet. I studien ingick totalt 7596 svenska skolbarn i åldern 11 och 13 år. Materialet analyserades bivariat och med multivariata regressionsmodeller. Resultat: Skolbarn som upplevde sig mobbade visade sig ha fler psykosomatiska symtom än skolbarn som inte var mobbade (OR= 2.73). Flickor hade fler psykosomatiska symtom än pojkar (OR= 1.76). Skolbarn i årskurs 7 hade fler psykosomatiska än barnen i årskurs 5 (OR=2.73).  Skolbarn som var stressade av skolarbetet uppvisade fler psykosomatiska symtom (OR= 3.38). Flickor var mindre ofta mobbade än pojkar. (OR= 0.86).  Skolbarn som ej trivdes i skolan var oftare utsatta för mobbning än elever som trivdes i skolan (OR=1.52).   Slutsats: Mobbning och stress av skolarbetet utgör en fara för skolbarns hälsa. Skolbarn som blir mobbade trivs även sämre i skolan. / Introduction: Bullying is a serious problem in Swedish schools. Headache, stomachache, back pain and tiredness are frequent psychosomatic symptoms. An important task for the school nurse may be the prevention of bullying. Aim: was to study potential links between the experience of being the victim of bullying and the occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms among school children in grades 5 and 7. Method: The study was a cross sectional study based on register data was obtained from the Folkhälsoinstitutet. This study included a total of 7596 schoolchildren between the ages of 11 and 13 years. Material was analysed with bivariate and multivariate regression models. Results: Schoolchildren who felt bullied were found to have more psychosomatic symptoms than schoolchildren who were not bullied. (OR= 2.73). The girls had more psychosomatic symptoms than boys. (OR= 1.76). Schoolchildren in grades 7 had more psychosomatic symptoms than children in grade 5. (OR=2.73). Schoolchildren that were stressed by school work showed more psychosomatic symptoms. (OR= 3.38). The girls were less often bullied than boys. (OR=0.86). School children who are not happy in school were more often exposed to bullying than students who enjoyed school. (OR=1.52). Conclusion: Bullying and stress of schoolwork is a danger to school children’s health. School children who are bullied feel even worse in school.

The aims of the thesis were to study relationships between the effects of online gaming and gambling and negative social consequences and ill health among adolescents and to determine whether gaming and gambling activities occur together. The papers in this thesis used epidemiological methods to obtain self-report information from Swedish adolescents aged 13–18 years. Time spent in online gaming was associated with negative social consequences, and this relationship was explained by online gaming motives. Gaming for fun and social motives was associated with a reduced risk of negative social consequences, whereas gaming to escape problems, gain status, or meet demands from others was associated with an increased risk. Increased online gaming time on weekdays increased the probability of having depressive, musculoskeletal, or psychosomatic symptoms, and was related to online gaming motives. The probability of ill health was low in those who reported gaming for fun or social motives. Adolescents with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were more sensitive to gambling frequency and to developing a gambling problem. However, among those identified as susceptible, adolescents with ADHD were equally affected compared with other susceptible participants in terms of their gambling frequency. Boys had a higher probability than girls of participating in online gambling in association with online gaming. Having at least one parent born outside Scandinavia was associated with a higher probability of online gambling, especially among girls. The effect of alcohol use as a factor contributing to online gambling was greater among boys than among girls. The results of this thesis contribute new knowledge about sex differences in online gaming and gambling behaviours and add to the limited research on online gaming and online gambling behaviours among adolescent girls. Gaming motives may be helpful for identifying online gamers needing support to reduce their unhealthy gaming behaviour. Information about factors related to gaming and gambling problems may be of interest to clinicians in psychiatry, psychology and social work, as well as to policymakers, parents and teachers involved in adolescent health and development. Effect preventive strategies should consider the sex differences in gaming and gambling behaviour in adolescents.

BAKGRUND: Stress och psykosomatiska besvär är ett av de allvarligaste folkhälsoproblemen i Sverige. Psykisk ohälsa omfattar cirka 20% av sjukdomsbördan i Sverige. Även ungdomar uppvisar ökad grad av stress och psykosomatiska besvär. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av självupplevd stress och psykosomatiska besvär hos gymnasieelever på en svensk gymnasieskola. MATERIAL OCH METOD: En enkät delades ut på skolan. 970 elever besvarade enkäten (75%). Enkäten innehöll 16 frågor rörande självupplevd stress och psykosomatiska besvär. Bakgrundsvariabler var kön, årskurs och program. RESULTAT: Majoriteten av eleverna känner sig ofta glada, att de klarar det de vill och har en positiv framtidstro, men en hög andel av eleverna upplever ofta stress, framför allt skolstress. Psykosomatiska besvär i form av sömnsvårigheter, oro, irritation, och nedstämdhet är vanliga. Det finns en tydlig könsskillnad i resultaten. Flickorna har en högre grad av stress och psykosomatiska besvär och en lägre grad av glädje, bemästring och framtidstro. De flesta eleverna hade en vuxen att prata med och i nio fall av tio var det en förälder. De som inte hade någon sådan vuxen uppvisade dubbelt så hög andel psykosomatiska besvär. SLUTSATSER OCH REKOMMENDATIONER: Studien visade att det finns ett samband mellan stress och psykosomatiska besvär. Det är viktigt att skolan, både lokalt och nationellt, vidtar åtgärder för att minska skolstressen. Samhället bör öka sitt stöd till familjer, så att fler ungdomar kan ha en öppen och förtroendefull relation till sina föräldrar. Det krävs vidare forskning om flickornas höga andel av stress och psykosomatiska besvär, så att trenden med ökade ohälsotal för kvinnor kan brytas. / BACKGROUND: Stress and psychosomatic symptoms is one of the major public health problems in Sweden. Psychological disease accounts for 20% of the burden of disease in Sweden. Also young people show an increasing degree of stress and psychosomatic symptoms. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of self-rated stress and psychosomatic symptoms among secondary school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed. 970 students filled it out (75%). The questionnaire had 16 questions on self-rated stress and psychosomatic symptoms. The background variables were sex, grade and program. RESULTS: The majority of the students often felt happy, a sense of mastering and had a positive view of their future, but a high proportion of the students felt stress, the level of school related stress was very high. Psychosomatic symptoms such as problems with sleep, feeling anxious, irritable and low was common. There was a clear gender difference. The girls had a higher degree of stress and psychosomatic symptoms and lower degree of happiness, sense of mastering and positive view of their future. A majority of the students had an adult to talk to, which in 90% of the cases was a parent. Those students who didn’t have such an adult had twice as high degree of psychosomatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The study showed an association between stress and psychosomatic symptoms. It is important that the school, both on local and national level, take measures to decrease the level of school related stress. The society should increase its support to families, so more young people can have an open and trusting relationship to their parents. Further research is needed about the high level of stress and psychosomatic symptoms among girls, so the increasing burden of disease among women can be reversed. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-133-4</p>

<p>Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka utbredningen av psykosomatiska symptom på en svensk gymnasieskola och om möjligheten att koncentrera sig på skolarbetet påverkas av dessa. Syftet var även att undersöka relationen mellan socialt stöd och psykosomatiska symptom. En enkät delades ut på en gymnasieskola med 95 elever i norra Sverige. Frågan gällande psykosomatiska symptom är hämtad från HBSC och innefattar åtta olika besvär. Totalt 93 av ungdomarna svarade på enkäten. Resultatet visade att 79 procent av killarna och 88 procent av tjejerna på skolan upplever något psykosomatiskt symptom minst en gång i veckan. Av de ungdomar med symptom ungefär en gång i månaden eller oftare rapporterade 31 procent av killarna och 62 procent av tjejerna att det påverkar deras möjlighet att koncentrera sig på skolarbetet. Det fanns i studien inga tydliga samband mellan upplevda psykosomatiska symptom och socialt stöd från personer i omgivningen.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms of an Swedish high school and if the possibility to concentrate on school work is influenced by them. The aim was also to examine the relationship between social support and psychosomatic symptoms. A questionnaire was distributed at a high school with 95 pupils in northern Sweden. The question concerning psychosomatic symptoms is taken from HBSC and includes eight different symptoms. A total of 93 adolescents responded to the survey. The results showed that 79 percent of the boys and 88 percent of the girls at the school is experiencing at least one psychosomatic symptom at least once a week. 31 percent of the boys and 62 percent of the girls with symptoms about once a month or more often reported that it affects their ability to concentrate on school work. There were in the study, no clear correlation between the perceived psychosomatic symptoms and social support from people in their environment.</p>

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka utbredningen av psykosomatiska symptom på en svensk gymnasieskola och om möjligheten att koncentrera sig på skolarbetet påverkas av dessa. Syftet var även att undersöka relationen mellan socialt stöd och psykosomatiska symptom. En enkät delades ut på en gymnasieskola med 95 elever i norra Sverige. Frågan gällande psykosomatiska symptom är hämtad från HBSC och innefattar åtta olika besvär. Totalt 93 av ungdomarna svarade på enkäten. Resultatet visade att 79 procent av killarna och 88 procent av tjejerna på skolan upplever något psykosomatiskt symptom minst en gång i veckan. Av de ungdomar med symptom ungefär en gång i månaden eller oftare rapporterade 31 procent av killarna och 62 procent av tjejerna att det påverkar deras möjlighet att koncentrera sig på skolarbetet. Det fanns i studien inga tydliga samband mellan upplevda psykosomatiska symptom och socialt stöd från personer i omgivningen. / The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms of an Swedish high school and if the possibility to concentrate on school work is influenced by them. The aim was also to examine the relationship between social support and psychosomatic symptoms. A questionnaire was distributed at a high school with 95 pupils in northern Sweden. The question concerning psychosomatic symptoms is taken from HBSC and includes eight different symptoms. A total of 93 adolescents responded to the survey. The results showed that 79 percent of the boys and 88 percent of the girls at the school is experiencing at least one psychosomatic symptom at least once a week. 31 percent of the boys and 62 percent of the girls with symptoms about once a month or more often reported that it affects their ability to concentrate on school work. There were in the study, no clear correlation between the perceived psychosomatic symptoms and social support from people in their environment.

Gregorová, A., Relation between worker´s performance and psychosomatic difficulties, České Budějovice 2015, Thesis, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Faculty of Theology. Department of Practical Theology, Supervisor PsLic. Jan Vyhnálek The thesis in focuses to psychosomatic symptoms of two choosen respondents it´s research. I choose two respondents, who work in social sector and who suffer by psychosomatic symptoms for a long time. It was a qualitative research. I performed two case works. I used content analysis as a research method. I created theoretical chapters in a reference to the theme and also to provide theoretical basis for symptoms mentioned in my case works to the reader. First target of my thesis was to describe psychosomatic symptoms and health problems of my respondents. The second target was to describe causes of psychosomatic symptoms how respondents see it according to them selves. The third and last target was to find out, if respondents think, that the main source of their psychosomatic symptoms was their privat and family life, or if it was the social work´s performance.