En psykossjukdom medför att perceptionen av världen och andra människor förändras. Patienter med en psykossjukdom upplever sig ha sämre livskvalitet och hälsa än andra individer i samhället och de upplever ofta lidande på grund av sin sjukdom. Sjuksköterskor upplever blandade känslor i samband med vård av patienter med en psykossjukdom, men deras grundläggande uppgift är trots detta att främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom, återställa hälsa och att lindra lidande. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur patienter med en psykossjukdom upplever vården på en psykiatrisk slutenvårdsavdelning, ur ett patientperspektiv. Studien är en systematisk litteraturstudie och data analyserades med en induktiv latent innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att patienternas upplevelser kan beskrivas i fyra områden: rädsla och osäkerhet påverkar interaktionen med andra; tvångsåtgärder: skrämmande men nödvändiga; självbestämmande, delaktighet och välbefinnande; samt vårdpersonalen är avgörande för patienternas upplevelser. I studien diskuteras rädsla och osäkerhet; att vårdpersonalen och upplevelserna påverkar attityden till behandlingen; vårdpersonalens betydelsefulla roll när patienten har svåra symtom; individualiserad vård och god kommunikation bidrar till ökat välbefinnande samt att mer kompetens hos vårdpersonal kan minska bruket av tvångsåtgärder. Studiens slutsats är att sjuksköterskor har en central roll i patienternas upplevelse av vården. De har ansvar för att interaktionen med patienten och relationsbyggande fortlöper samt att användandet av tvångsinsatser motiveras och enbart sker när det är absolut nödvändigt, annars finns risk att behandlingsresultat och följsamhet av behandling efter utskrivning påverkas negativt. / A psychosis means that the perception of the world and other people change. Patients with a psychotic disorder perceive themselves as having poorer quality of life and health than other individuals in the community and they often experience suffering because of their illness. Nurses experience mixed feelings while caring for patients with a psychotic disorder, but in spite of this a nurse’s fundamental duty is to promote health, prevent disease, restore health and to alleviate suffering. The purpose of this study is to highlight how patients with a psychotic disorder experience health care in a psychiatric inpatient ward, from a patient perspective. The study is a systematic literature review and data were analyzed using an inductive latent content analysis. The results showed that patients 'experiences involved four areas: fear and insecurity affects the interaction with others; coercive measures: scary but necessary; autonomy, participation and welfare, and nursing staff is crucial for patients' experiences. In the study, several areas were discussed about the patient's experiences: fear and insecurity; that care staff and experiences affect the attitude to treatment; healthcare personnel's important role when the patient experience severe symptoms; individualized care and good communication contribute to increased well-being, and that more skills in healthcare professionals can reduce the use of coercive measures. The study's conclusion is that nurses have a central role in the patients' experience of the health care. They are responsible for the interaction with the patient and for keeping the building of the nurse-patient relationship in progress. They are also responsible so that the use of coercive action is justified and only occurs when it is absolutely necessary, otherwise there is a risk that the treatment results and adherence to treatment after discharge are adversely affected.

This research report presents a pilot study exploring the possibility of applying a Lacanian clinical methodology for analyzing unconscious dynamics in extra-analytic material. This research initially investigates the legitimacy and utility of this endeavour, followed by immersion in Lacanian thinking and the subsequent selection of potentially relevant data sets; samples of extra-analytic textual material. As this stage a recursive interaction between reading Lacanian theory and reflecting on the text is enacted. Five Lacanian concepts are identified (mirror phase, the three orders of the imaginary, the symbolic and the real, as well as the paternal agency). Although these concepts are, in process inextricable from another, they are presented as though discrete entities given that this allows for the foregrounding of different aspects in the process. The interaction between these concepts is considered with respect to Lacan‟s requirement in clinical practice of a tentative preliminary diagnosis of the patient into one of three diagnostic categories; perversion, neurosis and psychosis. Consequently, in a step that mirrors the clinical process, the textual subject of the data sets is tentatively classified as a (Lacanian) psychotic whose characteristic psychic structure is constituted out of foreclosure. Ways of discerning this structure in textual matter outside of the analytic setting are then considered. Four ways are proposed here. These are the unified or unbounded use of personal pronouns; evidence of thinking towards resolution or disintegration; denial or tolerance of difference and fourthly, the manifestation of regressive or libidinal speech actions. These four provide the basis for approaching the analysis of the selected data sets, which consist of carefully selected instances of Jacob Zuma‟s ostensibly unscripted public utterances. It is proposed that the four ways identified can be used in the analysis of other extra-analytic material.

L’objectif de cette thèse sur articles était d’identifier des facteurs de risque environnementaux (FRE) associés à la survenue et au maintien des troubles psychotiques non-affectifs, dans un contexte français. Nous nous sommes appuyé sur les modèles socio-développemental-cognitif de Howes et Murray, et de la sensibilisation. Nos résultats ont montré l’implication d’un FRE populationnel, la fragilité économique, et de plusieurs aspects d’un FRE individuel, les traumatismes infantiles, dans l’accroissement du risque de développer ou de survenue d’un trouble psychotique. Concernant l’évolution de la maladie : nous avons identifié les expériences traumatiques infantiles et la consommation de cannabis comme étant deux facteurs modificateurs du cours évolutif de la maladie. Nous avons enfin cherché à montrer les apports de la théorie de la dissociation structurelle de la personnalité, pour intégrer les résultats issus de nos deux modèles initiaux dans un cadre bio-psycho-social. Nos travaux indiquent que des FRE populationnels et individuels sont associés à la survenue et au maintien des troubles psychotiques. Ils ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. / This article thesis aimed to identify environmental risk factors (ERF) that are associated with the onset and the prognosis of non-affective psychotic disorders, in a French context. We based our work on Howes and Murray’s sociodevelopmental-cognitive model, and the sensitization model. Our results showed that one area-level environmental risk factor, namely the economic deprivation, and several aspects of childhood traumas, an individual ERF, are associated with an increased risk to develop psychotic disorders. Furthermore, we identified childhood traumas and cannabis consumption as modifier factors for these disorders. Finally, we sought to link our previous results, the two original models, and conceptual inputs from the theory of structural dissociation of personality in a coherent, clinically useful, and biopsychosocial framework. Our results suggest that both arealevel and individual environmental risk factors are involved in the onset and poor prognosis of psychotic disorders. They open perspectives for new therapeutic strategies.

A maioria dos estudos sobre o papel da família na continuidade do tratamento após o primeiro episódio psicótico investigam os casos de abandono de tratamento e apontam para aspectos \"negativos da família\". Poucos estudos investigam o papel da família nos casos de pacientes que se mantém no tratamento. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de cuidar de um familiar no PEP e evidenciar as motivações para manter-se no cuidado. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou a teoria sistêmica familiar como referencial teórico e a narrativa como referencial metodológico. Foram entrevistados 13 familiares cuidadores de 12 pacientes. Para a realização das entrevistas em profundidade com enfoque narrativo foi utilizada a seguinte questão norteadora: Nós sabemos que poucos familiares se mantêm no tratamento em saúde mental junto ao seu jovem familiar adoecido após o primeiro episódio psicótico. Se manter no tratamento conjuntamente ao paciente e cuidar do mesmo é chamado por nós de engajamento. São ações como levar nas consultas, administrar a medicação, modo de se relacionar, cuidar da higiene e assim por diante. Sendo assim, gostaríamos que você nos contasse sobre o que te motiva a permanecer cuidando e tudo que você e sua família fazem pelo seu familiar adoecido. Para a exploração das narrativas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo indutiva. Resultados: A análise das narrativas definiu o engajamento familiar em três grandes categorias interdependentes. Uma é relacionada ao contexto de sentimentos envolvidos no cuidar denominada \"Motivações para o engajamento\", as outras duas referem-se às ações relacionadas ao cuidar denominadas \"As ações de engajamento\" e \"Avaliação constante do cuidar\". Conclusão: A pesquisa contribui com o conhecimento ao apresentar famílias ativamente envolvidas no cuidado com o jovem em tratamento para o primeiro episódio psicótico. O referencial teórico - metodológico possibilitou destacar e valorizar as histórias, experiências e as relações familiares envolvidos no cuidado de um ente querido. Os cuidados foram descritos e contextualizados nos valores culturais das famílias. Verificamos que os familiares percebem o cuidado como uma responsabilidade do seu papel na família / Most studies of the family\'s role in the continuity of treatment after the first epidode psychosis investigate cases of abandonment treatment and point to \"negative aspects of family\". Few studies have investigated the role of the family in cases of patients who remain in treatment. Objective: Understand the experience of caring of a familiar in PEP and highlight the motivations to remain in care. Method: This is a qualitative research that used the systemic family theory as the theoretical framework and the narrative as a methodological framework. 13 family caregivers of 12 patients were interviewed. To carry out the interviews with narrative approach was used the following question: We know that few families remain in mental health treatment of their sick young familiar after the first episode psychosis. Maintain the treating and taking care of the patient is called engagement. These are actions like take into consultations, administer medications, so as to relate, take care of hygiene and so on. Therefore, we would like you to tell us what motivates you to stay caring after everything you and your family are sickened by his family. For the exploration of the narratives was used the inductive content analysis technique. Results: The analysis of the narrative set the familiar engagement in three major interdependent categories. One is related to the context of feelings involved in the care called \"Motivations for engagement,\" the other two refer to actions related to care called \"The engagement actions\" and \"The assessment of care.\" Conclusion: The study contributes to the knowledge to present actively involved families in caring of the young in treatment of first episode psychosis. The theoretical - methodological possible highlight and enhance the stories, experiences and family relations involved in the care of a loved one. Care were described and contextualized in the cultural values of families. We found that family members perceive care as a responsibility of their role in the family

A associação entre epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos é amplamente relatada na literatura. Características clínicas e do seu impacto, tais como suicídio, tentativas de suicídio, homicídio e alterações cognitivas são evidenciados em poucos estudos que associam epilepsia e psicose. Este estudo comparou o impacto clínico e funcionamento psicossocial dos pacientes com epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos, analisando ainda as diferenças entre pacientes com psicose interictal e pós-ictal. O estudo consiste de uma revisão de prontuário de todos os pacientes atendidos no PRONEPSI com epilepsia e transtornos mentais. Foram estudados 143 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos: 82 pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos e 61 pacientes com epilepsia e outro transtorno mental. O grupo de pacientes psicóticos foi estudado comparando dados entre pacientes com psicose interictal (53) e pós-ictal (17). O grupo de pacientes com transtornos psicóticos apresentou menor escolaridade, mais história familiar de psicose, maior número de tentativas de homicídio, mais estados de mal epiléptico, mais internações psiquiátricas, história pregressa de insulto ao SNC e retardo mental. Além disso, a epilepsia foi considerada um fator causal importante para desenvolvimento da psicose. O grupo de pacientes com transtornos psicóticos também se diferenciou, revelando maior impacto na esfera cognitiva, vocacional e pessoal. Os pacientes com psicose interictal tiveram mais história familiar para psicose e a epilepsia foi considerada um fator causal importante para seu desenvolvimento. Pacientes com epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos apresentam um maior comprometimento clínico geral o que interfere diretamente no seu comprometimento funcional e na gravidade do impacto. Os pacientes com epilepsias mais graves e algum tipo de insulto ao SNC parecem ser mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psicóticos em comparação aos pacientes com formas menos graves de epilepsia / The association between epilepsy and psychotic disorders has been well documented in literature. Although this association is well-known, few studies regarding psychosis and epilepsy investigated the clinical characteristics of these patients and its impact on psychosocial function, suicide and suicide attempts, homicide attempts and cognitive deficits. The aim of this chart review was to compare the clinical impact and the psychosocial function between patients with epilepsy and psychotic disorders and patients with epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. We also compared the clinical characteristics and psychosocial function between patients with postictal psychosis and interictal psychosis. We reviewed 143 charts, divided in two groups: 82 charts of patients with epilepsy and psychotic disorders and 61 charts of patients with epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. In the group of patients with epilepsy and psychosis, 53 had a diagnosis of interictal psychosis and 17 of postictal psychosis. Patients with psychotic disorders had fewer years of education, more family history of psychotic disorders and higher number of homicide attempts, status epilepticus, psychiatric admissions and history of central nervous system insults. They also presented more impact on cognitive, vocational and interpersonal scales. Epilepsy was considered a major cause to the development of psychosis. Regarding the differences between patients with interictal and postictal psychosis, the only difference found was that the patients with interictal psychosis presented more family history of psychosis. Also, in both groups epilepsy was considered a major cause to the development of psychosis. Patients with psychotic disorders had a more severe clinical impairment in comparison with patients with other psychiatric disorders, which may have interfered in psychosocial functioning and severity of impact. Patients with central nervous system\'s insults and severe epilepsy may be likely more prone to psychosis\'s development than other patients with less severe forms of epilepsy

INTRODUÇÃO: Re-hospitalização é uma medida de desfecho reconhecida e utilizada em estudos para acessar prevenção de recaída que é considerada um dos principais indicadores de efetividade de um antipsicótico. Foi testada a hipótese que a clozapina seria superior aos demais antipsicóticos na prevenção de re-hospitalizações em pacientes com esquizofrenia que receberam alta do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre 1 de dezembro de 1997 e 31 de dezembro de 2004. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo observacional de coorte, retrospectivo, desenhado para avaliar o tempo de re-hospitalização de pacientes que receberam alta em uso de antipsicóticos convencionais ou antipsicóticos de segunda geração, exceto clozapina ou clozapina, por um período de três anos. A análise de sobrevivência foi estimada pela fórmula produtolimite de Kaplan-Meier. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de Cox para identificar fatores associados à re-hospitalização. RESULTADOS: Dos 464 pacientes com esquizofrenia que receberam alta no período do estudo, foram selecionados 242 pacientes. A re-hospitalização foi observada em 12 (17%) pacientes em uso de antipsicóticos convencionais, 27 (24%) pacientes em uso de antipsicóticos de segunda geração, exceto clozapina, e nove (15%) pacientes em uso de clozapina. As análises de sobrevivência demonstraram uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos e entre os grupos de antipsicóticos de segunda geração e clozapina. As variáveis clínico-demográficas não foram associadas à re-hospitalização. CONCLUSÕES: O grupo de pacientes que recebeu clozapina apresentou menor taxa de re-hospitalização do que os demais grupos. As diferenças entre tempo de rehospitalização foram estatisticamente significantes entre os três grupos e entre os grupos de pacientes que receberam clozapina e antipsicóticos de segunda geração. Os resultados são limitados pela heterogeneidade da gravidade do transtorno entre os grupos. / INTRODUCTION: An important outcome parameter of drug effectiveness in schizophrenia is relapse prevention which can be reliably measured by time to rehospitalization. We tested the hypothesis that clozapine was superior to other antipsychotics in preventing rehospitalization in patients with schizophrenia discharged from the Institute of Psychiatry. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational cohort study designed to evaluate rehospitalization rates of patients with schizophrenia discharged from the Institute of Psychiatry of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of Sao Paulo between Dec 1, 1997 and Dec 31, 2004 on a regimen of either conventional antipsychotics or nonclozapine second generation antipsychotics or clozapine during a three years follow-up. Risk factors associated with rehospitalization were examined by Cox regression model and survival curves were estimated by the product-limit formula (Kaplan-Meier). RESULTS: Of the 464 patients with schizophrenia discharged from hospital 242 met criteria to enter the study. They were followed at IPq outpatient clinic for three years. Of these 12 (17%) patients discharged in use of conventional antipsychotic, 27 (24%) in use of non-clozapine second generation antipsychotic, and nine (15%) in use of clozapine were rehospitalized. Survival analysis demonstrated a significant difference in timeto-rehospitalization between groups and between clozapine and second generation antipsychotics groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with clozapine were less rehospitalized than the others groups. The differences in time to rehospitalization were statistically significant between the three groups and between clozapine and nonclozapine second generation antipsychotics groups. Results were limited due to the heterogeneity of severity of illness between groups.

Pouco se sabe sobre a presença de sintomas psicóticos em idosos sem diagnóstico de demência, levando a dificuldades no esclarecimento da etiologia, na ausência de informações quanto a possíveis diagnósticos e no manejo clínico. Os estudos sobre a incidência de sintomas psicóticos nessa população são ainda mais escassos e limitados. Os dados disponíveis na literatura são todos provenientes de estudos em populações de países desenvolvidos. A prevalência de sintomas psicóticos em idosos sem diagnóstico de demência varia de 0,9 a 10,5%, já a incidência na literatura varia entre 4,8 e 8,0%. É possível especular sobre alguns fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sintomas psicóticos em indivíduos sem demência: idade avançada, gênero feminino, comprometimento sensorial, pior desempenho cognitivo, isolamento social, pior funcionalidade. Dados recentes sugerem os sintomas psicóticos como uma expressão prodrômica da demência, devido a sintomas como alucinações, delírios e ideação paranoide estarem associados ao aumento da incidência de demência no acompanhamento, à maior presença deles à medida que a faixa etária sobe e à menor média no escore do Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) em indivíduos com tais sintomas. Objetivamos determinar a incidência de sintomas psicóticos, correlacioná-los com características clínicas e estabelecer uma taxa de conversão em idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo. Este estudo foi realizado em uma amostra de idosos de comunidade de São Paulo, sendo a amostra inicial composta por 1.125 indivíduos acima de 60 anos. Destes, 547 foram reavaliados em 2011 e submetidos ao mesmo protocolo inicial. Não tinham sintomas psicóticos na primeira fase 199 e 64 já possuíam em 2006. A incidência de ao menos um sintoma psicótico em 7 anos foi 8,0% (alucinações visuais/táteis: 4,5%; ideias persecutórias: 3,0%; alucinações auditivas: 2,5%). A incidência esteve relacionada à epilepsia (OR: 7,75 e 15,83), baixa pontuação no MEEM (OR: 0,72) e depressão referida (OR: 6,48). 57,8% dos indivíduos com sintomas psicóticos, mas sem demência na fase I, desenvolveram comprometimento cognitivo em 7 anos (alucinações visuais/táteis foram preditivas - OR: 5,66), o que estava relacionado a baixo MEEM e comprometimento funcional. A incidência de sintomas psicóticos e a taxa de conversão em comprometimento cognitivo estão no limite superior dos dados da literatura. Alucinações visuais/táteis foram os sintomas mais incidentes e os únicos preditivos para a evolução para comprometimento cognitivo em 5 anos. Encontramos importantes relações entre sintomas psicóticos e MEEM, crises convulsivas, depressão referida, diabetes e sífilis / Background: Studies of the incidence of psychotic symptoms in elderly people at risk of dementia are scarce. This is a seven year follow up study aiming to determine the incidence of psychotic symptoms and their correlation with other clinical aspects as well as conversion rates to cognitive impairment. Objectives: To determine the incidence of psychotic symptoms, correlate these symptoms with clinical characteristics and establish the conversion rate to cognitively impaired individuals. Design: Cross-sectional study of a community-based sample of elderly subjects. Setting: City of Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants: The original sample was composed of 1,125 individuals aged 60 years and older from a community. Among this sample, 547 subjects were re-evaluated in 2011 and submitted to the same protocol. Of these, 199 did not have psychotic symptoms at phase I and 64 already had psychotic symptoms in 2006. Results: The incidence of at least one psychotic symptom in 7 years was 8.0% (Visual/tactile hallucinations: 4.5%; Persecutory delusions: 3.0%; Auditory hallucinations: 2.5%). Psychotic symptom incidence was associated with epilepsy (OR: 7.75 and 15.83), lower MMSE (OR: 0.72) and reported depression (OR: 6.48). A total of 57.8% of individuals with psychotic symptoms but without dementia at phase I developed cognitive impairment after 7 years (visual/tactile hallucinations were the only psychotic symptom predictive of this impairment - OR: 5.66), which was related to lower MMSE and increased functional impairment. Conclusions: The incidence of psychotic symptoms and the conversion rate to cognitive impairment was in the upper range of previous literature reports. Visual/tactile hallucinations were the most incident symptoms and the only predictive psychotic symptoms for cognitive impairment in 5 years. Important relationships were found between psychotic symptoms incidence and MMSE, epilepsy, reported depression, diabetes and syphilis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Zanelli Pereti.pdf: 835412 bytes, checksum: e6b61ad819a5088663cdd1626a820134 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research intends to construct the concept of the psychotic subject up to the Seminar III The psychoses (1955-1959) of Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst who proposed a new way to think the subject matter. As notorious follower of Freud, Lacan started from the progress and impasse made by the psychoanalysis creator in this field. Freud's main contribution is on thinking that the psychosis is not only a pathology and that it is another way of psychic organization. Nevertheless, Freud did not idealize a clinical treatment for the psychoses, but he did not desist from producing a theory about the issue, in private on some articles and on his study about the book Memoirs of My ervous Illness by Daniel Schreber. Lacan, still affiliated with psychiatry, on his doctoral thesis On Paranoia and Its Relationship to Personality (1932), starts from the concept that there would be a human sense in psychosis which had been left aside by the psychiatry and that it would be necessary to retake this concept, thinking the psychogenesis dimension of paranoia symptoms. Affiliated with psychoanalysis, Lacan formulates the hypothesis that in psychosis there would be a foreclosure of a primordial signifier, what would lead to another organization of the symbolic register. Based on Freud and searching for the human sense, Lacan brought from the surrealistic movement and from philosophy, that the dimension of the subject in psychosis is the bet which allows it to be seen over and above psychiatric dungeons. Finally, we propose that the movements of effort for the inclusion of the psychotic should take into account the dimension of the subject in psychosis, because they should participate actively in their treatment. Therefore, the exit would be to think the dimension of the subject and its particularity in the case of psychosis, after all he made his choice for this structure. We concluded, herewith, that retaking these psychosis theory fundamental concepts allows a contribution to the efforts for social inclusion of the psychotic subject / A presente pesquisa pretende fazer a construção do conceito de sujeito psicótico até o seminário III As psicoses (1955-1956) de Jacques Lacan, psicanalista francês que propôs uma nova forma de pensar a questão do sujeito. Como notório seguidor de Freud, Lacan partiu dos avanços e dos impasses que o criador da psicanálise fez nesse campo. A principal contribuição de Freud está em pensar que a psicose não é apenas uma patologia e sim outra forma de organização psíquica. Porém, Freud não idealizou um tratamento clínico para as psicoses, mas não deixou de produzir uma teoria sobre o assunto, em particular em alguns artigos e no seu estudo sobre o livro Memórias de um Doente dos ervos de Daniel Schreber. Lacan, ainda filiado à psiquiatria, em sua tese de doutorado Da psicose paranoica em suas relações com a Personalidade (1932), parte de uma concepção de que haveria na psicose um sentido humano que a psiquiatria havia deixado de lado e que seria necessário retomar essa concepção, pensando a dimensão da psicogênese dos sintomas da paranoia. Filiado a psicanálise, Lacan formula a hipótese que na psicose haveria uma foraclusão de um significante primordial, que provocaria uma outra organização do registro simbólico. Apoiado em Freud e na busca do sentido humano, que Lacan trouxe do movimento surrealista e da filosofia, a dimensão do sujeito na psicose é a aposta que permite enxergá-la além dos calabouços psiquiátricos. Finalmente, propomos que os movimentos de luta de inclusão do psicótico deva levar em conta a dimensão do sujeito na psicose, pois esses devem participar ativamente do seu tratamento. Para tal, a saída seria pensar a dimensão do sujeito, e sua particularidade no caso da psicose, afinal ele fez sua escolha por essa estrutura. Concluímos, com isso, que a retomada desses conceitos fundamentais da teoria da psicose permite uma contribuição às lutas de inclusão social do sujeito psicótico

A associação entre epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos é amplamente relatada na literatura. Características clínicas e do seu impacto, tais como suicídio, tentativas de suicídio, homicídio e alterações cognitivas são evidenciados em poucos estudos que associam epilepsia e psicose. Este estudo comparou o impacto clínico e funcionamento psicossocial dos pacientes com epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos, analisando ainda as diferenças entre pacientes com psicose interictal e pós-ictal. O estudo consiste de uma revisão de prontuário de todos os pacientes atendidos no PRONEPSI com epilepsia e transtornos mentais. Foram estudados 143 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos: 82 pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos e 61 pacientes com epilepsia e outro transtorno mental. O grupo de pacientes psicóticos foi estudado comparando dados entre pacientes com psicose interictal (53) e pós-ictal (17). O grupo de pacientes com transtornos psicóticos apresentou menor escolaridade, mais história familiar de psicose, maior número de tentativas de homicídio, mais estados de mal epiléptico, mais internações psiquiátricas, história pregressa de insulto ao SNC e retardo mental. Além disso, a epilepsia foi considerada um fator causal importante para desenvolvimento da psicose. O grupo de pacientes com transtornos psicóticos também se diferenciou, revelando maior impacto na esfera cognitiva, vocacional e pessoal. Os pacientes com psicose interictal tiveram mais história familiar para psicose e a epilepsia foi considerada um fator causal importante para seu desenvolvimento. Pacientes com epilepsia e transtornos psicóticos apresentam um maior comprometimento clínico geral o que interfere diretamente no seu comprometimento funcional e na gravidade do impacto. Os pacientes com epilepsias mais graves e algum tipo de insulto ao SNC parecem ser mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psicóticos em comparação aos pacientes com formas menos graves de epilepsia / The association between epilepsy and psychotic disorders has been well documented in literature. Although this association is well-known, few studies regarding psychosis and epilepsy investigated the clinical characteristics of these patients and its impact on psychosocial function, suicide and suicide attempts, homicide attempts and cognitive deficits. The aim of this chart review was to compare the clinical impact and the psychosocial function between patients with epilepsy and psychotic disorders and patients with epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. We also compared the clinical characteristics and psychosocial function between patients with postictal psychosis and interictal psychosis. We reviewed 143 charts, divided in two groups: 82 charts of patients with epilepsy and psychotic disorders and 61 charts of patients with epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. In the group of patients with epilepsy and psychosis, 53 had a diagnosis of interictal psychosis and 17 of postictal psychosis. Patients with psychotic disorders had fewer years of education, more family history of psychotic disorders and higher number of homicide attempts, status epilepticus, psychiatric admissions and history of central nervous system insults. They also presented more impact on cognitive, vocational and interpersonal scales. Epilepsy was considered a major cause to the development of psychosis. Regarding the differences between patients with interictal and postictal psychosis, the only difference found was that the patients with interictal psychosis presented more family history of psychosis. Also, in both groups epilepsy was considered a major cause to the development of psychosis. Patients with psychotic disorders had a more severe clinical impairment in comparison with patients with other psychiatric disorders, which may have interfered in psychosocial functioning and severity of impact. Patients with central nervous system\'s insults and severe epilepsy may be likely more prone to psychosis\'s development than other patients with less severe forms of epilepsy

Lam, Yin Hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-97). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / 摘要(ABSTRACT IN CHINESE) --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / TlST OF TABLES --- p.viii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / LIST OF APPENDIX --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS --- p.1 / EXPRESSED EMOTION & RELAPSE OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS --- p.2 / POSITIVE EXPRESSED EMOTION COMPONENTS --- p.3 / ASSESSMENT TOOLS OF EXPRESSED EMOTION --- p.5 / CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS OF EXPRESSED EMOTION --- p.7 / PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING OF PPD --- p.10 / RECOVERY: EMPOWERMENT & LIFE SATISFACTION --- p.11 / EMPOWERMENT --- p.13 / LIFE SATISFACTION --- p.14 / PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING OF RELATIVES --- p.14 / AIMS OF STUDY --- p.15 / HYPOTHESES OF STUDY --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- METHOD --- p.17 / PARTICIPANTS --- p.17 / MEASURES --- p.21 / PROCEDURE --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER III: --- RESULTS --- p.33 / INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF FMSS CATEGORIZATIONS --- p.33 / NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EE SCORES --- p.34 / RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OVERALL EE AND SUB-EE --- p.36 / RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FMSS AND SELF-REPORT MEASURES --- p.38 / "RELATIONSHIP BEWTEEN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, SELF-REPORT EE AND OUTCOME VARIABLES" --- p.39 / RELATIVES' EE: BREAKDOWN BY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS --- p.43 / COVARIATES RELATED TO PPD´بS LIFE SATISFACTION CONTROLLED FOR --- p.47 / RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIVES´ة EXPRESSED EMOTION AND PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING OF RELATIVES AND PPD --- p.49 / PROPOSED MODEL (MODEL 1): SELF-REPORT AND FMSS --- p.49 / REFINED MODEL (MODEL 2): SELF-REPORT AND FMSS --- p.52 / FINAL MODEL (MODEL 3 A): SELF-REPORT AND FMSS --- p.56 / ALTERNATIVE MODEL (MODEL 3B): SELF-REPORT AND FMSS --- p.61 / Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- DISCUSSION --- p.67 / EXPRESSED EMOTION --- p.68 / SCORING SCHEME FOR EE --- p.68 / FMSS EE CATEGORIZATION --- p.68 / FMSS & SELF-REPORT OVERALL & SUB-EE --- p.69 / RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FMSS & SELF-REPORT EE --- p.71 / "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHICS, SELF-REPORT EE & OUTCOME VARIABLES" --- p.71 / COVARIATES RELATED TO PPD，S LIFE SATISFACTION --- p.73 / "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIVES, EE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING OF RELATIVES & PPD" --- p.74 / OVERALL COMPARISON BETWEEN FMSS & SELF-REPORT MODELS --- p.78 / IMPLICATIONS --- p.79 / LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND FUTURE DIRECTION --- p.82 / REFERENCES --- p.89