This thesis aims to understand the role of public governance (national laws and regulations) in addressing poor working conditions on South African fruit farms connected to global production networks (GPN), at the intersection of global private (codes of conduct) and local civil society organisation (CSO) initiatives. A particular objective of the investigation is to understand the extent to which public governance is able to address working conditions on South African fruit export farms, taking into account wider global commercial pressures inherent in fruit GPNs. Much analysis of global private and governance by local CSOs has not sufficiently addressed the role of public governance. Research focusing on public governance in addressing working conditions in South African fruit has not sufficiently accounted for the multi-scalar interactions between lead firm supermarkets, national suppliers and local fruit producers. These interactions are positioned to shape and influence regulatory outcomes for different groups of permanent and casual farmworkers. The thesis seeks to address the following central research question: ‘To what extent do multi-scalar tensions in global production networks (GPNs) challenge the public governance of working conditions, and what are the lessons from labour operating in South African fruit production?’This research draws upon the GPN analytical framework and public governance research, in order to conceptualise the multi-scalar commercial and governance processes that play out in the South African fruit export sector. In doing so, this research seeks to contribute to existing GPN and public governance literatures. Previous GPN research has not sufficiently investigated the role of public governance (laws and regulations) in addressing working conditions, partly due to an assumption that neoliberal policies have eroded the ability of developing states to regulate labour incorporated into global production. This problematic is beginning to be addressed, due to increasing academic acknowledgement of the central regulatory role nation states continue to play in addressing working conditions in global production, at the intersection of global private (codes of conduct) initiatives and governance by local CSOs (NGO and trade union activity). Additionally, this thesis seeks to bring together two separate strands of ‘governance’ research in global production networks, which have thus far been investigated separately; the governance of commercial interactions on the one hand, and the governance of labour on the other. A key theoretical argument is that understanding challenges facing the public governance of labour requires a broader conceptualisation of the governance of multi-scalar commercial interactions in global production, which shape and influence workforce composition at local farm level. This thesis argues that an inherent multi-scalar tension exists on the one hand between ‘global commercial pressures’ exerted by global lead firms over national suppliers and local producers driving workforce casualisation, and on the other hand a ‘global governance deficit’ at the core of which lies a public governance deficit facing increasing numbers of casual workers, characterised by minimum wages insufficient to meet living costs and a lack of trade union representation. This tension, it is argued, underpinned the crisis in South African fruit in 2012/13, when casual workers mobilised to demand an increase in the agricultural minimum wage, and threatened the fruit value chain by blocking the main arterial routes to Cape Town port. The policy implications of this thesis are that nation states are required to adopt multi-scalar interventions which transcend traditional forms of governance, in order to address the global commercial pressures inherent in GPNs and protect increasing numbers of casual workers in this context.

I juni 2016 fick Tillitsdelegationen i uppdrag av regeringen att undersöka en tillitsbaseradersättningsmodell för styrning av offentlig verksamhet i Sverige. Tillsättandet kom som enreaktion på den i nuläget dominerande styrningen som går under benämningen New publicmanagement, och som enligt kritiker inneburit flertalet oönskade effekter, där misstro motmedarbetares profession är en av dem. Denna uppsats jämför Tillitsdelegationens förslag tillstyrning med styrmodellerna Traditional public administration (PA), New public management(NPM) samt New public governance (NPG). Genom att systematisera och kategoriseraTillitsdelegationens huvudbetänkande syftar uppsatsen till att kunna belysa skillnader ochlikheter mellan modellerna samt att undersöka om delegationens förslag innebär en ny riktningför offentlig verksamhet. Resultatet visar att likheter går att finna med samtliga modeller menatt tillitsbaserad styrning innebär ett visst fokusskifte.

Municipally Owned Corporations (MOCs) have several interest groups because they are established to serve the public interest. These stakeholders including citizens expect MOCs to deliver high-quality service. MOCs, on the other hand, need to attract and retain the best talents to pursue their mandate. Based on these, service quality and Human Resource performance were conceptualised as key performance indicators for MOCs. This adds to the various performance measures used by other scholars in measuring performance in public sector organisations. In recent times, organisational ambidexterity has become topical in public sector organisations including MOCs as scholars have found it to have an impact on firm performance.  Recognising the role of management in organisational success, this study investigated how two concepts (i.e. Managerial autonomy and Relationship) influence Service Quality and Human Resource Performance and how the relationships are mediated by organisational ambidexterity. A quantitative approach was adopted where 128 CEOs of MOCs in Sweden participated in a survey. The results indicate that managerial relationship and autonomy significantly influences ambidexterity. Ambidexterity was also found to significantly predict service quality and Human Resource performance. While evidence was found for ambidexterity’s mediation affection between autonomy/relationship and service quality, no mediation was found for autonomy and Human Resource Performance. The mediation of ambidexterity between the managerial relationship and Human Resource performance was however partial.  Aside from testing rarely used performance measures (i.e. service quality and Human Resource performance), the study builds on the Leader-Member Exchange theory by finding support for relationship between managerial relationship and service quality, mediated by ambidexterity. The implication is that leaders of MOCs should prioritize building mutually beneficial relationships with their employees to enhance quality service delivery and Human Resource performance.

The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between city branding and community sport focusing on the role of citizens. Community sport means more than just organized sport events, covering all of physical activities, recreation, and leisure that are based on the region. Therefore, Community-based Sport and Recreational Physical Activity (CSRPA) is closely related to urban experience and quality of life of local residents. Specifically, the objectives of this research are to: (1) evaluate the perceptions of internal stakeholders of city branding through CSRPA; and (2) examine the possibility of considering CSRPA as branding opportunities. Participatory city branding theory provided the most relevant theoretical frameworks to shed light on co-creative image building process by leveraging citizens’ participation to CSRPA. The methodology used in the study was case study with the city of Ottawa, Canada. City representatives (n=17) took part in semi-structure interviews to elucidate their perceptions and lived experiences associated with Ottawa city branding. Citizens (n=127) participated in an online survey to express their voices surrounding city brands and sport participation. The findings of the study suggest that CSRPA constitutes an interesting opportunity to contribute to co-creative city branding by incorporating citizens’ voices and promoting collaborative public governance.

Submitted by Patrícia Valim Labres de Freitas (patricial) on 2016-04-08T18:56:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Emanuel Felipe Bortulini_.pdf: 2236149 bytes, checksum: 7082c8bfa4da3a88a388cac5cd9cd891 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T18:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emanuel Felipe Bortulini_.pdf: 2236149 bytes, checksum: 7082c8bfa4da3a88a388cac5cd9cd891 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Nenhuma / Nos últimos anos o governo brasileiro tem aumentado a divulgação de dados das instituições públicas, conforme exigido pela Lei de Acesso à Informação. Os governos federal, estaduais e municipais têm agora de apresentar evidências da sua eficácia, eficiência, efetividade e ética na administração pública. A sociedade brasileira hoje em dia pode supervisionar várias instâncias da administração pública e aumentar o controle social. Esta pesquisa avalia a percepção dos auditores públicos externos no Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (TCE-RS) sobre a qualidade, utilidade e suficiência das informações, sistemas e procedimentos disponíveis. Uma amostra com 131 auditores respondeu um questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas foram aplicadas a 10 coordenadores de auditoria nas unidades regionais do TCE-RS. Os resultados mostram que os auditores e coordenadores acreditam que os dados disponíveis ao público têm frequência e formato adequado, mas é insuficiente para o efetivo controle social, o que é parcialmente explicado pela falta de compreensão do público e pela ausência de uniformidade entre os relatórios do governo e portais. No entanto, os auditores e coordenadores percebem uma crescente utilização de instrumentos e sistemas de transparência pública, e acreditam que estes sejam úteis para a execução de suas tarefas internas, em particular quando a informação é agrupada. / In recent years the Brazilian government has increased the disclosure of public institutions data, as required by the Access to Information Law. Federal, state and city governments now have to present evidence of their efficacy, efficiency, effectiveness and ethics in public administration. The Brazilian society can oversight many instances of the public administration and increase its social control. This research evaluates the perception of the external public auditors at the Auditor’s Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (TCE-RS) about the quality, sufficiency, and usefulness of the available information, systems and procedures. A sample of 131 auditors responded a survey and semi-structured interviews were applied to 10 audit coordinators in each of the TCE-RS' regional units. Results show that auditors and coordinators believe that the data available to the public have adequate frequency and format, but it is insufficient to effective social control, which is partially explained by the lack of comprehension of the public and by the absence of uniformity among government's reports and websites. Nevertheless, auditors and coordinators perceive an increasing use of public transparency instruments and systems, and find it useful to their internal tasks, in particular when the information is gathered together.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-06-29T19:17:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert CAROLINA JABER CASTRO.pdf: 2227203 bytes, checksum: c321a6afb5cedf4b040ff05e03f0d17a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-10T12:58:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert CAROLINA JABER CASTRO.pdf: 2227203 bytes, checksum: c321a6afb5cedf4b040ff05e03f0d17a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T12:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert CAROLINA JABER CASTRO.pdf: 2227203 bytes, checksum: c321a6afb5cedf4b040ff05e03f0d17a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-29 / A função da Administração Pública é gerir os recursos públicos de forma eficiente, em busca do bem comum, ou seja, tendo por meta alcançar os interesses dos proprietários destes recursos, a sociedade. No entanto, muitas vezes os interesses particulares dos gestores podem influenciar suas tomadas de decisão, o que acaba por distanciá-las do interesse público. Adaptada de idéias já utilizadas em organizações privadas, a governança pública surge, então, como um mecanismo que minimiza conflitos de interesses entre gestores e sociedade, possibilitando, pela aplicação dos princípios de transparência e accountability, um maior controle e fiscalização das ações da gestão pública. O mundo moderno abriu seus olhos para a importância da governança, fato que vem sendo demonstrado pela promulgação de leis sobre transparência pública, e publicação de estudos e manuais a respeito de boas práticas de governança em todo o mundo. O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar os relatórios de gestão e demais informações prestadas por uma amostra de cinco Universidades Públicas Federais de acordo com boas práticas de governança pública. Para isso, foram selecionadas boas práticas publicadas por órgãos influentes para análise das informações divulgadas pelas universidades, e, adicionalmente, realizada a avaliação dos portais de acesso à informação de acordo com a Lei 12.527 de 2011. Os resultados demonstram uma adequação média de 60% à lei de acesso à informação e 45,7% de aderência às boas práticas de governança, o que indica a necessidade de maiores investimentos das universidades na adoção de boas práticas de governança e na adequação de seus portais à lei de acesso à informação. / The function of public administration is to manage public resources efficiently, seeking the common good, that is, with the goal to achieve the interests of these resources owners, society. However, often managers particular interests can influence their decision-making, which ultimately distancing them from the public interest. Adapted from ideas already used in private organizations, public governance arises, then, as a mechanism that minimizes conflicts of interest between managers and society, allowing for the application of the principles of transparency and accountability, greater control and supervision of public management actions. The modern world has opened its eyes to the importance of governance, a fact that has been demonstrated by the enactment of laws on public transparency, and publication of studies and manuals on good governance practices worldwide. The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the management reports and other information provided by a sample of five Federal Public Universities in accordance with good public governance practices. For this, we selected good practices, published by influential organs, for analysis of information provided by the universities, and additionally performed the evaluation of information access portals according to Law 12.527 of 2011. The results show an average adequacy 60% to the access to information law and 45.7% of adherence to good governance practices, which indicates the need for further investments of universities in the adoption of good governance practices and the adequacy of its portals to the access to information law.

Recent developments around the sharing economy bring to the fore questions of governability and broader societal Benefit-and subsequently the need to explore effective means of public governance, from nurturing, on the one hand, to restriction, on the other. As sharing is a predominately urban phenomenon in modern societies, cities around the globe have become both locus of action and central actor in the debates over the nature and organization of the sharing economy. However, cities vary substantially in the interpretation of potential opportunities and challenges, as well as in their governance responses. Building on a qualitative comparative analysis of 16 leading global cities, our findings reveal four framings of the sharing economy: "societal endangerment","societal enhancement", "market disruption", and "ecological Transition". Such framings go hand in hand with patterned governance responses: although there is considerable heterogeneity in the combination of public governance strategies, we find specific configurations of framings and public governance strategies. Our work reflects the political and ethical debates on various economic, social, and moral issues related to the sharing economy, and contrib-utes to a better understanding of the field-level institutional Arrangements-a prerequisite for examining moral behavior of sharing economy organizations.

This essay maps and analyze the dynamic interaction between the regional and municipal levels. This is based on the case of Region Jönköpings län. The thesis is a qualitative document study that will focus on he municipalities and the region as unitary public actors and their public policy in the development area. The study material is public documents of the municipalities and the region that relates to municipl/regional development.  The essay is based on previous research dealing with New regionalism, Rescaling, Re-territorialization, the Competition state (konkurrensstaten) and New Public Governance. In addition, previous research also handles unity as a factor for regional development and local/regional conditions. Based on these, the study's theoretical approaches and frameworks have constructed and formed the basis of the interpretations for the study's issues.  The conclusions of the study are that the dynamics, attitudes and interactions between the region and its municipalities takes place in a complex system where ach actor's conditions, objectivies and ambitions determine how they view themselves, each other and the region as a whole. The conditions can include anything from the geographical situation, demographics, business composition and communications with the rest of the region. In addition, the municipalities' efforts to be competitive, attractive and distinctive can be linked to the societal developments of the past decades. It is about the impact explained by New regionalism, New Public Governance and the Competition state on the local/regional landscape within which the municipalities and the region reside, as well as creating a landscape where several actors, on several levels, share the same commitments, responsibilities and powers. Which gives us a complex game between regional unity and leadership, and a municipal effort to be singular.

Denna studie handlar om styrningen av Stadsutvecklingsprojektet i Varbergs kommun. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka styridéer som uttrycks i styrdokumenten för Stadsutvecklingsprojektet och om Varbergs kommun har följt post-NPM-trenderna i styrningen av projektet sett till vilka styridéer som uttrycks i styrdokumenten. Post-NPM-trenderna Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning, New Public Governance och Public Value Management används tillsammans med New Public Management som idealtyper för att analysera styrdokumenten. Genom att undersöka detta får vi djupare kunskaper om hur förändringen och utvecklingen som skett av den offentliga styrningen senaste decennierna - genom att olika former av styrning har introducerats och trendat - har påverkat styrningen av en svensk kommun. Resultatet visar att styridéer från alla styrformer som nämns ovan uttrycks i styrdokumenten men att idéer från styrformerna inom post-NPM och speciellt Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning är frekvent förekommande. Detta visar i sin tur på att Varbergs kommun har följt post-NPM-trenderna i styrningen av Stadsutvecklingsprojektet sett till vilka styridéer som uttrycks i styrdokumenten.

Bakgrund: Bakgrund: Under de senaste 20 åren har svensk offentlig sektor präglats av konkurrensprövning genom privatisering av tidigare offentlig sektor. Det skapar en ny marknad där privata och offentliga aktörer skall samverka under statlig samordning och övervakning. Stockholm stads gymnasie- och hemtjänstmarknad är två exempel på kvasimarknader där staten står som finansiär av välfärdstjänsten samtidigt som den utförs av både privata och offentliga aktörer. Tidigare forskning belyser den problematik som uppstår då staten övergår från att vara en primär producent till en övervakande roll. Då statens roll förändras krävs tydligare regler och strukturer för att kunna samordna och styra kvasimarknader. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva och förstå hur kvasimarknader styrs, med avseende på upplevda verksamhetskrav och uppföljning. Genomförande: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie med ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Empirin har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer om hur beslutsfattare och marknadsaktörer upplever Stockholm stads gymnasie- och hemtjänstmarknad. Slutsatser: Studien konstaterar att hemtjänstmarknaden, som styrs via tydliga avtal, ger större möjlighet för insyn i verksamheterna och tydligare styrverktyg för Stockholms stad. På gymnasiemarknaden är det svårare för Stockholm att påverka verksamheten hos friskolor då de endast svarar mot Skolinspektionen. Det som ligger till grund för kvasimarknadens funktionalitet och effektivitet beror på det förtroende och tillit som finns mellan beslutsfattare, utförare och kund. Nyckelord: New Public Management, Offentlig styrning, Kvasimarknad, Interorganisato­riska relationer, Ekonomistyrning, Transaktionskostnadsteori. / Background: Over the past 20 years, the Swedish public sector has been characterized by competition through the increasing privatization of public welfare. It creates a new market situation where private and public sector are to co-operate under governmental coordination and monitoring. Stockholm city upper secondary school and home care market are two examples of quasimarkets where the state stands as a financier of the welfare service while it is carried out by both private and public actors. Previous research illustrates the problems that arise when the state changes from being a primary producer to a supervisory role. As the state's role changes it requires clear rules and structures in order to coordinate and control the quasimarkets. Objective: The study aims to describe and understand how quasimarkets are governed, in regard to percieved business requirements and monitoring. Design: The study is a qualitative case study with a hermeneutic perspective. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews on how policy makers and market actors are experiencing the upper secondary school and home care market. Conclusion: The study notes that the home care market, which is governed by clear agreements and contracts, provides greater transparency between policy makers and market actors. Thus creating better conditions for the usage of management control for the city of Stockholm. In the upper secondary market it is difficult for the city of Stockholm to affect the operations of private schools since they are governed by the Swedish School Inspectorate. The basis for the functionality and efficiency of quasimarkets relies on the confidence and trust that exists between policy makers, market actors and customers. Keywords: New Public Management, Public Governance, Quasimarket, Interorganizational Relations, Management Control, Transaction Cost Economics.