This research sets out to examine the main excuses, often mentioned in connection to the so-called “honour killings” in Pakistan. In this way, the aim is to discuss the idea of “honour killings” by looking at trends and patterns in this kind of homicides in Pakistan. This study also explores what legal and judicial obstacles stand in the way of putting an end to the abuse of killing women in the name of honour.The first part is mainly theoretical and analytical. In this part a set of concepts is theorized as the notion of patriarchy, public/private division and cultural globalization. These theories test the empirical data of “honour killing” in the last decade and try to find their role in the society of Pakistan. This study also analyzes the “honour killing” cases in a different way by telling stories. Second part contributes to the research regarding Islam the official religion of Pakistan. This section mainly concerns the status of women in Islam and their rights of life and free will to choose their spouses. This study also tries to remove the misconception in the minds of the West regarding Islamic teachings towards women.This study proceeds mainly under the qualitative method with the supplementary help of quantitative method. At the end, the thesis bears some finding under the abductive technique. The results show that the tested theories have a significant role in upholding the ancient practice of “honour killings” in Pakistan, and Qur’aanic and Prophetic Islam has no link with the abuse of “honour killing” in general. It is ancient tribal phenomena that have entered in some cultural norms of the society.

<p>The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has emerged alongside a changing world order marked by the growing power and authority of business, new constraints on public authority and policy autonomy, and new global hierarchies, inequalities, and contradictory tendencies. These conditions have helped midwife new configurations of public and private power, authority, and relations and shaped normative and operating environments for global health governance. In these contexts, public-private partnerships emerged as an institutional experiment, ostensibly to address health governance gaps and failures, including access to HIV and AIDS medicines in the global South. This study investigates the growth and roles of private authority in health governance through the lens of four case studies of public-private partnerships intended to enhance access to HIV and AIDS medicines in the global South. The study reveals that public-private partnerships in health emerged from this history as institutional experiments, yet not convincingly as functionalist responses to governance gaps and failures. The history demonstrates that private business actors opted to engage in partnerships in the contexts of a convergence of social, political, and commercial pressures, and normative and structural transformations in the world order. The case study partnerships emerged as accommodation or <em>trasformismo </em>strategies which offered concessions in an attempt to neutralise and co-opt social contestation around treatment access, without succumbing to demands for deeper structural and legislative reforms. These strategies offer bilateral, narrow, and tactical contributions in a framework of poor design, governance, accountability, and equity considerations and obligations, and are ultimately unconvincing in their commitment or capacity to expand access to HIV and AIDS medicines. Ultimately, public-private partnerships in health present practical, strategic, and normative consequences that necessitate new approaches to reform and/or serious reconsideration of their role and prospects in global health governance.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Vor dem Hintergrund der angespannten Finanzlage in den Kommunen und eingebettet in einen Prozess der Binnenmodernisierung der Kommunalverwaltungen, der Einführung der Doppik und einer intensiven Debatte um die effizientere und effektivere Bereitstellung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen sowie deren Bereitstellungsstrukturen steigt die Attraktivität von lebenszyklusorientierter Infrastrukturbeschaffung für die kommunale Ebene. Damit nimmt auch der Bedarf an unterstützender Beratung der kommunalen Ebene zu. Diese hängt einerseits mit den naturgemäß begrenzten Kapazitäten – bei gleichzeitig erhöhtem Abstimmungsdarf zwischen den Akteuren auf lokaler Ebene und der hohen Komplexität der Thematik über einen längeren Realisierungszeitraum – zusammen. Hier kann durch wissenschaftliche Expertise und praxisfundierte Begleitung ein Mehrwert geschaffen werden. Gleichzeitig können durch ein intensives Erfahrungsmanagement Optimierungspotentiale aus bestehenden ÖPP-Projekten generiert werden. Bei heutigen lebenszyklusorientierten Infrastrukturprojekten werden alle Phasen einer Infrastruktureinrichtung ganzheitlich über ihre gesamte Lebensdauer hinweg betrachtet und dabei ggf. Effizienz- und Einspareffekte im Vergleich zur konventionellen Realisierung aufgezeigt. Dies kann eine transparente und mit Blick auf notwendige Finanzströme antizipative Wirkung entfalten, die den Prozess nachhaltiger steuert als der konventionelle Fall. Die Städte und Gemeinden im Freistaat Sachsen stehen diesem Ansatz derzeit noch verhalten gegenüber, was häufig daraus resultiert, dass lebenszyklusorientierte Infrastrukturbeschaffung und deren Folgen und Wirkungen teilweise unreflektiert diskutiert und in den Modellen vermischt werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung hat das Ziel, Ansprüche an und Erfahrungen mit Infrastrukturbeschaffung – konventionell oder lebenszyklusbasiert – in den sächsischen Kommunen darzulegen und darauf aufbauend den Städten und Gemeinden im Freistaat in der Kommunalberatung unterstützend und kritisch zur Seite zu stehen. Eine einzelfallbezogene Analyse statt pauschaler Urteile ist hierbei stets notwendig.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar e debater as possibilidades e potencialidades do Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) para impulsionar parcerias entre os setores público e privado que promovam benefícios para a gestão do território, especialmente no Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa busca explorar como os referenciais, também chamada de agenda, ESG podem ser aplicados na gestão territorial, tendo como estudo de caso a parceria entre a empresa Osklen e a Prefeitura do Rio para a recuperação das restingas de Ipanema e Leblon, demonstrando que a colaboração entre o público e privado pode ser uma estratégia eficaz na promoção da conservação e do desenvolvimento sustentável de áreas e ecossistemas da cidade. Por meio de uma cuidadosa revisão bibliográfica, análise de estudo de caso e saídas a campo, esta dissertação busca identificar as principais oportunidades e benefícios da agenda ESG na conjuntura das parcerias entre o setor público e privado. Os resultados e conclusões deste estudo podem contribuir para a compreensão do ESG como uma oportunidade para promover arranjos mais sólidas e eficientes entre os setores público e privado. / [en] The present study aims to analyze and discuss the possibilities and potential of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) to boost partnerships between the public and private sectors that promote benefits for territory management. In this sense, this research seeks to explore how these ESG principles and guidelines can be applied in territory management, taking as a case study the partnership between the company Osklen and the Rio City Hall for the recovery of the Ipanema and Leblon restingas, demonstrating that collaboration between the public and private sectors can be an effective strategy to promote the conservation and sustainable development of these areas. Through a literature review, case study analysis, and fieldwork, this work aims to identify the main opportunities and benefits of adopting the ESG Agenda in the context of cooperation between the public and private sectors. The results and conclusions of this study can contribute to understanding the potential of the ESG agenda as a tool to promote stronger and more efficient arrangements between the public and private sectors in territory management.

Over the last four decades, there has been a significant increase in public-private education partnerships (PPPs). However, rather than reflecting the traditional PPP model where the private sector contributes resources to fulfill public policy agendas, businesses and philanthropies are partnering with urban schools to pursue their goals for reforming public education policy. With billions of dollars being spent by organizations like Microsoft, Meta, the Broad Foundation, and Bloomberg philanthropies on major initiatives to reform public education through teacher training and core curricular Changes, there has been surprisingly little research on the public-private partnership model itself and its impact on education policy. This dissertation intends to address this research gap by considering how public-private partnerships have been traditionally defined and explained in public policy and political science; what has Changed in the structure and purpose of public-private partnerships in education; how do we define and understand an educational public-private partnership in the current context; how do we determine what makes public-private partnerships successful; and based on this new definition, how do we understand their impact on educational public policy priorities? The dissertation aims to accomplish the following: 1) Discuss the existing public policy and political science literature on public-private partnerships. 2) Use anecdotal evidence, research literature, and news reporting to propose a framework for what public-private partnerships in education entail now and what their outcomes appear to be. 3) Identify key performance indicators (KPIs) of success from that literature and test their relevance to the success of current educational PPPs – towards formalizing a new theoretical definition and future guide for applied research. 4) Use both quantitative and qualitative research methods on a sample of partnerships which have already been documented either through original research or third party analytical and narrative reports to analyze and define those key performance indicators which are relevant to current educational PPPs. 5) Through analysis of the intended and actual outcomes of those PPP cases used in previous analysis, demonstrate how current educational PPPs are now both formulating and implementing policy. The importance of this finding is related to debates about the purpose of public education, the definition of public goods, and democratic accountability. 6) Identify the gap between the existing theoretical definition of PPPs and the derived newly proposed framework and the implications for theory, practice and policy. 7) Through a synthesis of the above items, construct an original method and tool for how to form and assess these partnerships for successful outcomes, as well as effective policy.  Applied Qualitative Research The third paper utilizes data from the quantitative research of paper 2 and builds and expands on the findings by using a qualitative methodology to analyze cases which have a more robust narrative. The cases I consider are Bloomberg philanthropies Global Scholars and Mark Zuckerberg’s Newark public schools. I document the functional, political, and financial differences between the cases, as well as how the PPPs were implemented. This applied research considers the indicators which proved relevant in the prior quantitative research through a qualitative analysis of materials, reports, and interviews. Applied Quantitative Research This second paper is applied quantitative research and serves as the bridge between the literature and theory to current applications and directs the focus of the subsequent applied qualitative research in this dissertation. I take the elements identified as standard KPIs from literature and prior research studies and using the documentation from the united way portfolio I test the relevance of those existing KPIs to the current theoretical framework. The Detroit cases are ideal for this portion of the research as those cases were created as PPPs and concluded (at least as far as an initial MOU agreement) within a specific timeframe. I collected all the documentation on those partnerships and their elements using a measurement system I developed. I use a quantitative method of binary logic regression to consider, given the documented outcomes of those cases, whether there is simple significance of an indicator as it relates to a quantitative definition of success. My metric is whether more than 50% of the objectives outlined in the MOUs were successfully completed. The quantitative methodology is important, because it allows us to determine which indicators remain relevant and warrant further study. At the end of this paper the advantages and limitations of quantitative analysis will be discussed, as well as thoughts about how qualitative analysis may help further the research going forward. This serves as a bridge to the next section/chapter. The purpose of this paper is to move beyond simply identifying components of the PPPs, as was done in the second paper, to more fully articulate and define them. I also identify the variance in PPP outcomes which may come from leadership structure, organizational occupation (for profit, nonprofit, public) and other operational and political variables. This section draws heavily on my research which uses a qualitative comparative frame to analyze the BP and Zuckerberg cases. The importance of these findings, as well as the advantages and limitations of this methodology are also be discussed. Toward a Theoretical Framework for PPPs & a New Tool for Evaluation Research The third paper of the dissertation synthesizes the analysis from the previous two papers in order to integrate both sets of findings and limitations in order to better define and understand current educational PPPs. This will lead to a new proposed theory of PPPs in education, to be followed by an analytic discussion, which will rely on research I have already done. The new proposed theory will be compared to the existing theory. The empirical evidence will make clear that new forms of PPPs have been implemented that are not accounted for in the existing theory. The implications of these findings will be important for both public and private actors who will need to think about and formulate PPPs in different ways than they have been doing. Once this is explicated, I consider the implications of substituting PPPs for the traditional policymaking process, and what can reasonably be anticipated as outcomes for public goods and democratic accountability. PPPs must be understood as an alternative pathway to policymaking which most often will not include traditional policy makers, and by virtue of financial and operational conditions, will fast track educational reforms. This increase in speed and coherence of reform is likely to be accompanied by a decline in democratic accountability, which particularly as it concerns public K-12 education, may fundamentally change the nature of that specific public good, and may even extend to a larger reconceptualization in the country of the concept of public goods. The last section of the third paper moves from the theoretical to the applied. This section discusses how the research gathered and synthesized in the previous two papers contributes to an applied framework for formulating and assessing educational PPPs for rates of success. This is especially important as we can expect that there will not be a decline in educational PPPs, but rather an ever-growing prevalence of them in American public education systems. I then make the case specifically for the use of comparative-qualitative analysis as an appropriate analytic frame for an evaluation tool. The section then goes on to detail the development of this tool, which relies on the methods and findings of the previous applied research sections in the dissertation. I provide a methodology for documenting the qualitative elements to be observed through an interview protocol, as well as the methodology by which that qualitative data can be converted to a quantitative value using previously discussed key variables and then cross-assessed with other related variables, weighted, and inputted into a prescribed algorithm (using analytics frames from educational performance evaluations, quantitative regression, and machine learning prediction principles). This will produce a predictive outcome of success and a meta frame to compare and contrast different educational PPPs going forward. This aspect of the research is important, as it provides practitioners, educators, policymakers, and public and private leadership a better understanding of what in fact they are doing when attempting to formulate and implement a public private partnership; what elements they should seek to build into their partnership in order to create increased conditions for successful outcomes; and finally how as researchers, we might, in the future, have a tool to observe, track, and evaluate these partnerships to further our theoretical and applied understanding of educational policy.

Fundamentos para incorporar la cláusula de progreso de seguridad vial en las concesiones viales encargados de la infraestructura nacional”, es el contenido que se ha desarrollado en este presente tema, habiéndose realizado un tipo de investigación cualitativa, junto a un método analítico, con un análisis documental, tomándose como objeto de estudio el proponer la implementación de la cláusula de progreso de Seguridad Vial en las carreteras concesionadas de la Red Vial Nacional, explicando la relevancia de implementar esta condición en los contratos de concesión, debido a que establece la obligación continuada por parte del concesionario de incorporar normas que permitan la ejecución, desarrollo y cumplimiento de una obra pública. En ese mismo orden de ideas, se realizó un estudio de distintos autores con aportes importantes, que hablen sobre los contratos de concesión y cláusula de progreso, complementado con al análisis de las Asociaciones Público Privadas (en adelante APP) y seguridad vial. De tal manera, se pudo concluir que es muy común ver accidentes de tránsito y que éstos, en lugar de disminuir, siguen aumentando, debido a hechos imprevisibles, como casos fortuitos o fuerza mayor, que no se pudieron prever o predecir, sin embargo, no son las únicas causas, pues, también está el factor humano, como la imprudencia de los peatones o los conductores, y el factor mecánico, que serían aquellas fallas que puedan tener los vehículos automotores, por tanto, implementar una cláusula de progreso para la seguridad vial, resultaría una medida que busca reducir accidentes de tránsito mediante el equilibrio económico en los contratos de concesión ante normativas que puedan surgir después de celebrado dicho acto. / Fundamentals for incorporating the road safety progress clause in the concession contracts of the national road network, is the content that has been developed in this topic, having carried out a type of qualitative research, together with an analytical method, with an analysis documentary, taking as an object of study the proposal to implement the Road Safety progress clause on the concessioned highways of the National Road Network, explaining the relevance of implementing this condition in the concession contracts, since it establishes the continued obligation for part of the concessionaire to incorporate regulations that allow the execution, development and fulfillment of a public work. In the same order of ideas, a study was carried out by different authors with important contributions, who talk about concession contracts and progress clauses, complemented by the analysis of Public Private Associations (hereinafter APP) and road safety. In this way, it was possible to conclude that it is very common to see traffic accidents and that these, instead of decreasing, continue to increase, due to unforeseeable events, such as acts of God or force majeure, which could not be foreseen or predicted, however, These are not the only causes, since there is also the human factor, such as the recklessness of pedestrians or drivers, and the mechanical factor, which would be those failures that motor vehicles may have, therefore, implement a progress clause for the road safety, would be a measure that seeks to reduce traffic accidents through economic balance in concession contracts before regulations that may arise after said act is celebrated.

Partnerships within crime prevention have been considered an efficient approach in reducing crime rates. However, there is not enough information on how the partnerships are structured. This study aims to research what different partnerships are used in crime preventative work, who are involved and the main targets of intervention. The purpose of the study is also to draw conclusions of which motivations are behind the implementation and how the term ‘partnership’ is generally conceptualized. This will be examined through a scoping review followed by an analysis of the identified variables connected to the research questions. The findings of the study show that there are a large variety of working in partnership with various actors, but mainly the Police and Local authorities. The community and non-governmental organizations also contribute to the preventative work, creating school-based and community-based strategies to reduce crime. Based on the results it is noticed that the common targets of partnership approaches are focused on either social or situational prevention. There is a wide range of crimes, such as violent crime, drug-related crimes or social and/or physical disorder. The partnerships’ focus is directed towards either the individual or the overall community. The results indicate that the topic of ‘partnership’ definition or its conceptualization are not often mentioned, instead motivations for the implementation of partnerships are more prominent. By working in partnerships, it will contribute to a stronger tie between communities and actors. And with the correct methods applied, such as better information- sharing and regular meetings, the efficiency of partnerships will fortify.

Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE. The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE. The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.

The complex problems of the twenty-first century cannot be effectively addressed with twentieth century top-down bureaucratic governance alone because of limited stakeholder participation in collective decision making and/or implementation. The somewhat limited stakeholder participation in the policy process, especially, that of target populations, can impact generating viable solutions to complex problems. Collaborative governance has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional management in addressing contemporary complex problems. Collaborative governance is thus a type of governance that promotes joint participation of state and non-state stakeholders in decision making and/or implementation by using agreed upon processes of engagement to collectively address problems. Such governance is especially beneficial for addressing the challenges posed by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This dissertation uses the collaborative governance concept to explicate the efforts of HIV Health Services Planning Councils in Broward County and Palm Beach County of South Florida with the purpose of accentuating how collaborative governance works in providing various categories of services to meet the needs of people with AIDS (PWAs), as part of the implementation of the Ryan White CARE Act. The study focuses on critical variables of collaborative governance such as facilitative leadership and institutional design, the collaborative process variables such as trust building, commitment to the process and shared understanding, and outputs such as allocation priorities of the Councils. This study employed mixed methods in collecting data from various relevant sources. / The combined findings from surveys, interviews, observations and document reviews were essential to knowledge and understanding of collaborative governance of the respective Councils. The results revealed more similarities than differences between the Councils in their efforts towards addressing the HIV/AIDS problem. The Councils are similar in all variables of collaborative governance with few exceptions relative to facilitative leadership and institutional design. The differences were relative to membership, number of committees, amount allocated for various service categories and number of clients served. Furthermore, the Councils were slightly different in reaching consensus on subjects of deliberation. On the average, Palm Beach County's Council make decisions by consensus relatively easily when compared with the Broward County's Council. Nonetheless, both Councils are consensus-oriented and strive to make decision by consensus as evidenced by unanimous votes or simple majority votes on various subjects of deliberation. In addition, representation and participation of target populations in collaborative governance have contributed to the empowerment of those target populations. The study contributes to the literature by developing a conceptual model for HIV/AIDS collaborative governance for producing outputs to help meet needs of target populations. Also, the study contributes to collaborative governance theorizing by drawing a nexus between variables of collaborative governance and by complementing the existing non-linear perspective of collaborative process for collective problem solving. Collaborative governance involving state and non-state stakeholders thereby enhances efforts of public managers by harnessing resources to effectively manage and/or address complex problems for the benefit of society. / by James K. Agbodzakey. / Vita. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.