Polismyndigheten i Sverige genomförde mellan 2013 och 2015 en omfattande omorganisering där syftet var att bli en gemensam Polismyndighet. Arbetet kunde följas via Polissamordningens hemsida, där de kontinuerligt uppdaterade med information för medarbetare och medborgare. Den särskilde utredaren Thomas Rolén hade yttersta ansvaret under förändringsprocessen. Denna studie analyserar förändringskommunikationen som skett ur ett public relation- och retoriskt perspektiv. Syftet var att studera förändringskommunikationen som skett via den kombinerade informationskanalen. Analysen har genomförts på strategiskt utvalda texter och varje text analyserades tre gånger. Vi undersökte för det första hur kommunikationen övergripande kan ses från en kommunikationsmodell, för det andra vad förändringskommunikationen har handlat om och för det tredje vilka retoriska verktyg man använt för att övertyga sina mottagare. Resultatet har visat att texterna ibland saknar viktiga delar från kommunikationsmodellen och det blir problematiskt eftersom det i sin tur påverkar kommunikationens helhet. Kommunikationen följer kommunikationsstrategin equal dissemination och bygger på att alla ska få all information. I kombination med flera retoriska verktyg försöker Polismyndigheten via Polissamordningen upprätthålla förtroendet hos medarbetare och medborgare. Kanalen är riktad till både interna och externa mottagare, medan de enskilda texterna antingen har en intern eller extern målgrupp.

A STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF THE CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON SYSTEM IN THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE R.O.C. Abstract With the implementation of the Defense Act and the Organization Law of the Ministry of National Defense in 2002, all defense-related matters became formally regulated by law. The relationship between the military and other civilian agencies in the government are therefore of vital importance to national security and defense development. Especially the relationship with Congress, it could influence not only the approval of defense budgets and legislative proposals regarding armed forces, but also the development of military organizations. Based on the author¡¦s previous experience serving as an MND congressional liaison officer, there are some issues need to be worked out, and they become the research motives of this study: Due to confrontations between the Administration and Congress, defense related matters are constantly questioned by lawmakers and encounter considerable difficulties, the author wanted to identify whether the source of this problem is the legal system itself, the personnel involved, or the effectiveness of current congressional liaison system. Since the operation of current military congressional liaison teams depend only on personal experiences and lack professional expertise from related fields such as political science, media propaganda, public relations, administrative management, policy marketing, etc., liaison officers are forced to explore the delicate interactions between the Administration and Legislation all by themselves. Furthermore, liaison personnel from different levels fail to integrate effectively and can not cooperate functionally with the Office of Military Spokesmen. With the above shortcomings, current military liaison teams can only be regarded as congressional contacts, the author would like to provide helpful recommendations through this practical research. Since the MND was among the first few government agencies that established corresponding congressional liaison teams, there are a lot of references available. This research took a qualitative approach, related studies, then interviews with legislators, MND officials, congressional staff, media reporters, and officers serving as (or used to be) military congressional liaisons were conducted and analyzed to investigate the function and effectiveness of current MND congressional liaison system. The first objective of this research is to clearly define the role and functions of the MND congressional liaison system and to enhance its effectiveness in the interactions between the military and Congress. The second objective is to help MND congressional liaison personnel establish enough professional expertise and knowledge to facilitate appropriate approvals of defense budgets and legislative proposals while maintaining a politically neutral stand under the omnipresent political pressures from opposing parties. The third objective of this research is to provide findings and recommendations for the establishment of MND congressional liaison system by examining current liaison procedures from different aspects such as military relations, public policies, issue management, policy marketing, propaganda, and public relations, as well as by investigating the effectiveness of the operations of current liaison system from in-depth interviews with professionals. The Congress plays as a role of Constitutional politics due to the process of making defence policies. Congressional liaison system is main organization of MND for communicating, assisting law makers to conduct the responsibilities of supervising the Constitution. Also, it is the bridge and interface for obtaining ¡§support defence policies ¡¨ from public, political parties and excellent politicians. This article provides recommendations of academics and policies, and as a reference of creating congressional liaison system, focus on organizations, law and regulations, personnel and operations.

Crises lurk around our daily life. Disasters happen any time and they always make a huge impact on the life, property or people¡¦s confidence whether the crises are natural or man-made. However, both government and enterprise can not get rid of the challenge of the crisis. As far as the government organization is concerned, each of the disasters challenges the ability of facing crisis towards the authority concerns such as the 921 earthquake, the Bajhang River event, the debris flow disaster and the Typhoon Nari. This research wants to examine the current circumstance of the crisis management in the central public sector by using a large amount of the questionnaires which target the people who are in charge of the public relationship service. This research also wants to discuss the relationship between the organization characteristics of the central public sector and the strategies of the communication management in the crisis response stage. Hence, this research probes into these topics by the following items: 1. To realize the circumstance of the prevention before the crisis and the preparation stage of the crisis communication management in the central public sector. 2. To realize the circumstance of the crisis response from the crisis communication management in the central public sector. 3. To research the relationship of the organization characteristics and the crisis communication management method that differentiates from the different central public sector. This research proceeds with the methodology of social survey and have the investigation towards the different persons in charge of the public relationship service in the varied central public sectors. Some conclusions are conducted such as below: 1. In the prevention stage of the crisis communication, the circumstance of the issue management is that most of the public relationship service departments of the central public sector are capable of issue monitoring. 2. In the prevention stage of the crisis communication, the circumstance of the relation management can be concluded as: most of the people who are in charge of public relationship in the central public sector can be self affirmative and make a decent relationship with stakeholders. 3. The circumstance of the communication mechanism in the crisis response stage in the government departments: a. Within the past ten years, the central public sector has been aware of the importance of the crisis management policy by degree and it makes the percentage of setting crisis management police raised up to 60 %. b. It is more popular to build up the crisis management team than setting the article of the crisis management policy. Moreover, most of them agree to prevent or to be against the crisis event by using a team and emphasize on the participation of the public relationship service in charge. c. The government office, e.g. crisis management center, that sets up the mechanism of the crisis management team and emphasizes on the operation of the crisis communication management would have the latest media list in hand and set up a spokesperson in general. 4. The image restoration strategies in the crisis response stage The circumstance of the message delivering form: the image restoration strategies reach a considerably plane from the aspect of the availability, the quickness and the consistency for the government office. Furthermore, the quickness is the most distinguished one. 5. The communication autonomy of the people who are in charge of the government public relationship in the crisis response stage: In general, the communication autonomy for the people who are in charge of the government public relationship needs to be improved. But, there are no communication conflicts with the law staff during the crisis event. On the contrary, they become a team to work together. 6. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and crisis communication management. a. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and issue management: this research shows result that the characteristics of the organization may have some influences to the issue management. b. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and the relations management: the government office that has an independent public relationship service performs the better results than the office that does not have the independent pubic relationship service towards the most respected people. c. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and the crisis communication management: the central public sector that has more budget approved, more employees and also set up an independent public relationship department may have high percentage to set up crisis management policy; The central public sector that has more budget approved may have high percentage to have the mechanism of building up the crisis management team; The government department that sets schedule to perform public relationship and it is also a government staff unit may have high percentage to have the latest media list in hand; It obviously has the high percentage to set up crisis management communication center in the government staff unit than the national corporations; The government department that has long history may have high percentage to hold a spokesman; A government department has independent public relationship office may have high percentage to have disciplined spokesman to communicate with mass media. d. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and the message delivering form: the scale of the organization and the public relationship discipline improve the image restoration strategies in the message delivering form.

The Relationship of Firm Resources and Competitive Strategy:Local Public Relation Corporations of Kaoshiung

People throughout history have judged Public Relations critically. So, today, it is essential for PR professionals to know how the field is perceived. This research examines how college students in America and China perceive public relations. Four research questions were proposed to understand perception differences between the two countries, existing misconceptions against public relations, media influences and PR education. This study employed the survey method to find college students' perceptions of public relations in the U.S. and China. The study finds that college students believe that public relations practice is related to a broad range of specialized areas. Most of students view public relations as an important, ethical profession. However, some negative terms are still associated with public relations, such as "spin," that affect students' PR perceptions. In China, fewer students now relate public relations to the previously perceived escort service; and the Chinese cultural norm "guanxi" is considered to be an important element in PR practice. Comparative analyses show that American college students view public relations as a more positive, ethical, and well-developed profession than their Chinese counterparts do. Public relations, in Chinese students' mind, is far away from the well-developed stage. College students believe media, PR courses and internships influence their perceptions to a great extent. More Chinese students recognize the media impact, while more U.S. students value he education impact. This study affirms the importance and professionalism of public relations. At the same time, it provides crucial insights into the challenges that this field is facing in the two countries. No matter whether it is as a profession, or an academic discipline and a social contributor, public relations still needs to keep educating the public in the new decade ofthe 21st century.

本論文的主要內容在說明台電公司的公共關係制度，並檢討其推行成效。共分六章。 第一章緒論共分四節，第一節公共關係的定義、第二節公共關係的職能、第三節公共 關係與企業、第四節研究動機與方法。第二章約略簡介台電公司。第一節台灣電力的 發展、第二節台電公司的現況、第三節台電公司的地位及貢獻、第四節台電公司推展 公共關係的背景。第三章介紹台電公司的公共關係制度。第一節組織系統、第二節專 責機構。第三節探討專業化的功能。第四章說明台電公司主要的公共關係業務，分為 新聞界關係、民意代表關係、用戶關係，其餘對外關係、員工關係的說明。第五章對 台電公司公共關係業務的檢討、分為制度的檢討、新聞界關係的檢討、社區關係的檢 討、用戶關係的檢討。第六章結論。

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as contradições das políticas de gestão da educação contidas no Plano de Ações Articuladas que foram desenvolvidas nas escolas de educação básica, entre 2007 e 2014 e suas implicações na democratização da gestão. A abordagem adotada na pesquisa foi qualitativa, realizada através de análise documental e em fontes secundárias sobre a política do PAR, bem como através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos representantes da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Porto Alegre e de duas escolas desta Rede, procurando argumentos e contradições no processo da política da política. Tem seu início com a contextualização deste período histórico de reestruturação do capitalismo como parte das estratégias de superação da crise, com a redefinição do papel do estado e o surgimento da gestão gerencial. Foram abordadas as tendências recorrentes e a influência dos organismos internacionais na expansão destas ideias que defendem a entrada do privado no setor público e a adoção de modelos de gestão baseados no mercado. Foram apresentadas as particularidades do processo de reforma do Estado brasileiro e sua correlação de forças em torno de avanços e recuos da ampliação da conquista de direitos e na democratização da gestão no país e na educação. Neste contexto, foi criada a política do PAR dentro da qual foram destacados os programas de gestão ofertados no Guia de Tecnologia Educacionais (PDE Escola, Escola Aberta,etc.), indicados a quem realiza adesão ao programa. Ao procurar recuperar a entrada desses programas em Porto Alegre e em duas escolas públicas, foi constatada a manutenção de estruturas democráticas na escola convivendo de forma híbrida com a entrada da gestão gerencial e o estímulo às parcerias externas privadas ou filantrópicas para atender o direito à educação. O estudo aponta que a gestão da educação no Brasil está em construção e disputa e, ainda, que apresenta elementos contraditórios convivendo dentro das redes e instituições de ensino, ora permitindo o alargamento da participação das comunidades escolares, ora deixando de fazê-lo e abrindo a possibilidade do mercado adentrar com seus produtos e naturalizar essa relação público-privada. / This research aims to analyze the contradictions of the education management policies present in the Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) [Articulated Action Plan] that was developed in publics schools between 2007 and 2014. Moreover, it also aims to analyze the influence of these policies on the democratization of management. The research approach adopted by me was the qualitative method, applied to document review and secondary sources on the PAR policy, as well as to semi-structured interviews with representative subjects of the Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Porto Alegre (SMED) [Municipal Secretary of Education of Porto Alegre] and representants of two schools in this network. These interviews aimed at finding arguments and contradictions in the process of political policy. I started with the contextualization of this historical period of capitalism restructuring as part of the strategies to overcome the crisis, the redefinition of the role of the State and the emergence of managerial management. I sought to address the recurrent trends and the influence of international organizations in the expansion of these ideas that defend private entrance in the public sector and the adoption of market-based management models. I presented the peculiarities of the Brazilian state reform process and its influences on the advances and retreats of the expansion of the conquest of rights and on the democratization of management in the country and in the education. In this context, it was created the PAR policy within which I highlight the management programs offered in the Guia de Tecnologias Educacionais (PDE Escola, Escola Aberta, etc.) [Guide for Educational Technology (PDE School, Open School, etc.)], that are indicated to those who are entering the program. While seeking to recover the entry of these programs in the city of Porto Alegre and in two public schools, I realized the maintenance of democratic structures coexisting in a hybrid way with the entrance of managerial management and the incentives to private or philanthropic partnerships to ensure the right to education. The study points out that the management of education in Brazil is under construction and disputation and also that it presents coexisting contradictions within networks and educational institutions. Furthermore, these contradictions sometimes allow the enlargement of the participation of school communities, and sometimes fail to do so, opening the possibility for the market to enter with their products and naturalize this public-private partnerships.

For managing a city, the role of city marketing becomes more and more important. Modern cities are all hoping through every event to satisfy city residents or marketing the city externally. Therefore increase the approval rating of residents or create the image to boost the tourism or attract investors. City marketing also involved self-identification and uniqueness. Therefore, marketing framework directly impact the identification and perspectives both internally and externally. This research tracked marketing tactics of The World Games in Kaohsiung after the Mayor Chen Chu was elected. This paper also discussed the marketing framework and the reasons behind that, so the future city managers can use it as reference. The research questions as follows: 1. What framework was used in marketing the World Games in Kaohsiung? 2. Is frame alignment used? This research is based on Frame Theory as the core research structure, through newspaper reports analysis data, and concludes the framework that was used by The World Games in Kaohsiung. Also combined the in-depth interviews with the officials who are responsible for marketing The World Games. Understanding the framework and the planning that was used by the organizer to market the World Games, in order to conduct the research of this topic. The result show, the World Games in Kaohsiung existed two main frameworks including the World Games and the elected official politics needs . Under these two main frameworks also have several sub-frameworks, along with diversity tolerance values and people¡¦s affairs, which are two mixed frameworks. Between each framework have certain degree of coalition. The base of mobilization therefore extended through the framework coalition. The organizer successfully marketing the city through the World Games, also help the residents identified themselves with the city and presents the uniqueness of the city. It is also a successful politics public relations and push Mayor Chen Chun to another high point to her career. She later won the 2010 mayor election by a landslide victory, taking over 50% (52.8%) of the votes.

Šio darbo objektas – yra aktyvizmas, kaip ryšių su visuomene priemonė. Susiejant aktyvizmą ir ryšių su visuomene veiklą darbe nagrinėjama kaip organizacijos naudoja aktyvizmą savo ryšių su visuomene veikloje. Darbo tikslas – rasti teorinę poziciją, kuri paaiškintų, kaip aktyvizmas gali tapti ryšių su visuomene priemone ir praktiškai visa tai pagrįsti. Tikslui atskleisti keliami šie uždaviniai: apibrėžiamos aktyvizmo ir ryšių su visuomene sąvokas; aptariamos socialinius judėjimus aiškinančios teorijos; analizuojama, kokias tikslais ir kaip aktyvizmas naudojamas ryšių su visuomene veikloje, kas turi įtakos ir nulemia tokių priemonių pasirinkimo sėkmę; remiantis teorine dalimi sudaroma tyrimo metodologiją; praktiškai pagrindžiama, jog tyrime naudojamas pavyzdys yra socialinis judėjimas pritaikytas ryšių su visuomene veikloje. Darbe naudojamas nukreipto tiriamojo interviu metodas. Tam pasitelkta riedutininkų klubo „Ketvirtadienio nakties karštis“ Vilniaus mieste surengta pilietinė iniciatyva „Atkreipk dėmesį – tu esi stebimas“. Buvo apklaustas pagrindinis šios iniciatyvos organizatorius, riedutininkų klubo prezidentas A. Šapola. Keliama hipotezė, kad išankstiniais ryšiais susiję žmonės susijungia į pasipriešinimo tinklą siekdami socialinio ar politinio pokyčio. Aktyvizmo panaudojimas tokiomis sąlygomis tampa veiksminga ryšių su visuomene priemone. Tyrimas patvirtino hipotezę, jog organizacijos įtikinę visuomenę, kad jiems svarbi problema kartu yra ir visuomenės problema... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of this master thesis is an activism like device of public relation. This master explains how to relate two different ranges: an activism and public relation in practice. The aim of this work is to explain how it’s possible to used activism like device of public relation. The main objectives were these: to define activism and public relation definitions; to analyse theories of social movements; to analyse how and why public relation use an activism in its practice, what have an influence and decide success; to define main concepts of the research; to create methodology; to prove, that research example is a social movement and in the same time it is device of public relation. Interview was used as a method. Example of research is roller-skate club “Heat of Thursday night” social movement named “Attention – you are watched”. this action organizer was as respondent. This action was in Vilnius that very day, when in many cities in the world was „International days againts video“. The hypothesis was that “many ties connecting people in social network. Organization use this network like public relation device”. Hypothesis was fully supported by the research. Research show that network was flexible and changing in time. Organization convinces people to tackle a problem together and in the same time make image. This work might be used in further studies and practice of public relation and in the practice.

學校公共關係的經營影響學校效能的成效，為瞭解二者的現況，及彼此間關係，乃從事本研究。本研究以問卷調查法進行研究，抽取101學年度新北市78所國中教師做為研究對象，問卷共發出906份，回收671份，回收率74.06％。所得資料以描述性統計分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)與薛費法（Scheffe）、Tamhane T2 進行事後比較以及皮爾森積差相關分析(Pearson Correlation)等統計方法來進行資料分析。歸納研究結果獲致如下結論： 一、新北市國民中學學校公共關係屬「中上」程度表現 各層面中以「資訊傳遞」層面表現最佳，其餘依次為「成果回饋」、「意見互動」、「物質支援」、「行動參與」，以「資源分享」最難表現。 二、新北市國民中學學校效能屬「中上」程度表現 各層面中以「行政領導溝通」層面表現最佳，其餘依次為「社區認同參與」、「環境設備規劃」、「學校組織氣氛」、「教師教學輔導」，以「學生學習表現」最難表現。 三、不同背景變項的教師在學校公共關係的看法上並無顯著差異。 四、不同背景變項的教師在學校效能的差異情形 (一) 不同性別、現任職務、服務年資的教師，對於學校效能看法上，並無顯著差異。 （二）不同最高學歷的教師在學校效能看法有顯著差異，最高學歷為師範院校的教師顯著高於研究所。 （三）不同學校規模的教師在學校效能看法上有顯著差異，25至48班顯著高於73班以上。 五、新北市國民中學整體學校公共關係與學校效能具有高度相關，且為正相關，其相關係數為.730。 依據研究結果，提供國中校長、教育主管機關、未來研究者幾點建議做為參考 / What this study aimed at was to understand the current situation of school public relation and school effectiveness in junior high school of New Taipei City and the correlation between them. Questionnaire survey is used as the research method in this study. 906 samples were delivered to teachers of 78 junior high schools in New Taipei City, among them were 671 retrieved valid. The collected data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistical Analysis, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The analysis of the data revealed the following conclusions: 1.The performance of the school public relation in junior high schools of New Taipei City is above middle degree. Among the performance aspects, “information transmission” ranked first, followed by “feedback, exchange of ideas, material support, participation and resource sharing”. 2. The performance of the school effectiveness in junior high schools of New Taipei City is above middle degree. Among the performance aspects, “administrative communication” ranked first, followed by “commnity participation, facility planning, organizational climate of school, teachers’ teaching and counseling, and students’ learning expresses”. 3.Teachers with various backgrounds were no significant difference on school public relation. 4.Teachers with various backgrounds were different in school effectiveness. (1) No significance was found in opionions of teachers with different genders, current positions and working seniority. (2) Significance was found in opionions of teachers with different educational background. Teachers graduating from normal universities bore greater significance than those graduating from graduate schools. (3) Significance was found in opionions of teachers with different school sizes. Schools with 25 to 48 classes bore greater significance than schools with more than 73 classes. 5. A highly positive correlation exists in the school public relation and school effectiveness in junior high school of New Taipei City. The Correlation is .730. According to the results of the study,some suggestions are offered to junior high school principals,educational authorities,and future researchers.