Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um instrumento automático para medida de campo visual do olho humano, baseado na ocorrência de potenciais visuais evocados O principal objetivo do estudo foi demonstrar que os potenciais visuais evocados (P100) observados na região occipital podem ser correlacionados à visão de flashes de fontes luminosas pontuais distribuídas sobre uma calota com a forma de um elipsóide deformado. Aplicou-se ao domo hemisférico uma distribuição de fontes luminosas pontuais que descrevem a forma do campo visual humano (limitado a 60º acima, 70º abaixo do eixo central, limitado a 60º no lado nasal e 105º no lado temporal de cada olho). A ausência de potenciais visuais evocados por flashes luminosos é utilizada como indicador de perda da sensitividade da retina. Detalhes do desenvolvimento deste instrumento e os resultados preliminares são apresentados. / An instrument for automatic in vivo evaluation of the human visual field boundaries based on the evoked visual potentials was developed. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that evoked potentials (P100) over the occipital area can be correlated to the vision of punctual light flashes from a deformed ellipsoid-shaped calotte. A punctual light sources distribution that follows the human visual field (boundaries lying 60º upward, 70º downward from the central axis, limited to 60º in the nasal side and 105º on the temple side of each eye) was applied to the hemispherical dome. The absences of light flashes evoked potentials are used as an indicator of lack the sensivity of the retina. The details of the development of this instrument and preliminary results for in vivo eyes are presented.

This study explores how women’s perceptions of safety is impacted by participating in a program aimed at preventing violent extremism (PVE). The theoretical framework mainly draws on literature on women and conflict prevention, sacred values and human security studies. In combining theoretical arguments from these fields, I hypothesize that women’s perception of safety will be negatively impacted by participating in PVE-programs. That is because their participation will challenge sacred gender norms by taking up leadership roles in the community that usually belong to men. As a result, hostile reactions from community members will follow, i.e. from those whose sacred values are challenged, which in turn is expected to impact women’s perception of safety negatively. This thesis applies qualitative methods and to compare between two groups of women who participate in a PVE-program through different roles, and one group of non-PVE-participating women. Semi-structured interviews were held with two PVE-participating groups (female religious leaders and female economic leaders) as well as with non-PVE-participating women in Indonesia. The purpose of this case selection is twofold. First, to examine whether the PVE-participation in itself has an effect on women’s perceptions of safety. Second, to explore whether to explore whether certain roles that women take in a PVE-program challenge sacred gender norms more than others, and as such, leads to more negative perceptions of safety. The results indicate that PVE-participants challenge sacred norms, however, these norms do not always have a gendered underpinning, but are more religious in nature than anticipated. Contrary to my hypotheses, women’s perception of safety is not necessarily negatively impacted by participating in PVE-programs. The results rather indicate that women’s perception of safety can be both positively and negatively impacted by their participation, mainly depending on how their participation is understood by others. Additionally, PVE-participating women mainly challenge gender norms before they begin their participation, instead of during its active phase. As such, the results suggest that time aspects are important to fully understand women’s perception of safety.

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um instrumento automático para medida de campo visual do olho humano, baseado na ocorrência de potenciais visuais evocados O principal objetivo do estudo foi demonstrar que os potenciais visuais evocados (P100) observados na região occipital podem ser correlacionados à visão de flashes de fontes luminosas pontuais distribuídas sobre uma calota com a forma de um elipsóide deformado. Aplicou-se ao domo hemisférico uma distribuição de fontes luminosas pontuais que descrevem a forma do campo visual humano (limitado a 60º acima, 70º abaixo do eixo central, limitado a 60º no lado nasal e 105º no lado temporal de cada olho). A ausência de potenciais visuais evocados por flashes luminosos é utilizada como indicador de perda da sensitividade da retina. Detalhes do desenvolvimento deste instrumento e os resultados preliminares são apresentados. / An instrument for automatic in vivo evaluation of the human visual field boundaries based on the evoked visual potentials was developed. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that evoked potentials (P100) over the occipital area can be correlated to the vision of punctual light flashes from a deformed ellipsoid-shaped calotte. A punctual light sources distribution that follows the human visual field (boundaries lying 60º upward, 70º downward from the central axis, limited to 60º in the nasal side and 105º on the temple side of each eye) was applied to the hemispherical dome. The absences of light flashes evoked potentials are used as an indicator of lack the sensivity of the retina. The details of the development of this instrument and preliminary results for in vivo eyes are presented.

Kunskapsöversiktens syfte är att undersöka olika strategier och tillvägagångssätt utifrån forsk- ning om hur lärare kan bemöta extremistiska elever utan att samtidigt inskränka på deras åsiktsfrihet och yttrandefrihet. Metoden är grundad i en informationsinsamling utifrån databa- serna ERC, ERIC och SwePub. Källorna som använts kommer både från utlandet och från Sverige vilket bidrar till olika perspektiv samtidigt som vi ser hur det svenska sättet att tackla extremism influerats av internationell forskning. Även viktiga begrepp såsom extremism, Pre- vent Violent Extremism (PVE) och samtalskompassen har förtydligats. Där har det visats att särskilt extremism-begreppet kan vara tvetydigt utifrån sättet som de tre olika extremistmiljö- erna sammanställs i ett paraplybegrepp vilket kan kritiseras. Resultatet visar att det finns en konflikt mellan ett förebyggande arbete i form av informationsinsamling om elever i riskzoner och ett fritt diskussionsklimat där åsikter nöts mot varandra. Det visas på en omfattande kritik kring hur den brittiska PVE-planen hämmat lärarnas möjlighet att bemöta extremistiska elever genom den fria klassrumsdiskussionen. Resultatet tydliggör även hur stark elevers yttrandefri- het är i skolan vilket manifesteras i samtalskompassens misslyckade försök till etablering. Slut- satsen blir att PVE och samtalskompassen har goda ambitioner att stävja extremism. Vi ser dock att de i praktiken bidrog till tystade klassrum och en distans mellan lärare och elever. Istället har vi funnit att klassrumsdiskussioner där möjligt extremistiska samtal förekommer men bemöts och plockas isär kan vara till godo. Att ge elever verktyg i form av att kunna ställa åsikter mot varandra verkar kunna stävja extremism bättre än den säkerhetspolitiska linje som ses i PVE.

The limited spatial resolution in positron emission tomography (PET) images leads to difficulties to measure correct uptake in tumours. This is called partial volume effects (PVE) and can lead to serious bias, especially for small tumours. Correct uptake values are valuable for evaluating therapies and can be used as a tool for treatment planning. The purpose of this project was to evaluate two methods for compensating for PVE. Also, a method for tumour delineation in PET-images was evaluated. The methods were used on images reconstructed with two algorithms, VUE-point HD (VP HD) and VP SharpIR. The evaluation was performed using a phantom including fillable spheres which were used to simulate tumours of different sizes. The first method used for PVE compensation was an iterative deconvolution method which to some degree restores the spatial resolution in the images. The tumour uptake was measured with volumes of interest (VOIs) based on a percentage of the maximum voxel value. The second method was to use recovery coefficients (RCs) as correction factors for the measured activity concentrations. These were calculated by convolving binary images of tumours with the point spread function (PSF). The binary images were achieved both from computed tomography (CT) images and from PET images with a threshold method for tumour delineation. The threshold method was based on both tumour activity and background activity, and was also compared with a conventional threshold technique. The results showed that images reconstructed with VP SharpIR can be used for activity concentration measurements with good precision for tumours larger than 13mm diameter. Smaller tumours benefit from RCs correction. The threshold method for tumour delineation showed substantially better results compared to the conventional threshold method. / Den begränsade spatiella upplösningen i bilder från positronemissions-tomografi (PET) leder till svårigheter i att mäta korrekt upptag i tumörer. Detta kallas partiella volymseffekter (PVE) och kan leda till stora fel, speciellt för små tumörer. Korrekta upptagsvärden är värdefulla vid behandlingsutvärdering och kan användas som ett verktyg för att planera behandlingar. Syftet med detta projekt var att utvärdera två metoder för att kompensera för PVE. Även en metod för tumöravgränsning i PET-bilder utvärderades. Metoderna användes på bilder som rekonstruerats med två olika algoritmer, VUE-point HD (VP HD) och VP SharpIR. Utvärderingen utfördes med ett fantom med sfärer som fylldes med aktivitet och därmed simulerade tumörer av olika storlekar. Den första metoden för PVE-kompensation var en iterativ avfaltningsmetod som, i viss mån, återställer bildernas spatiella upplösning. Upptaget i tumörerna mättes som medelupptaget i s.k. ”volumes of interests” (VOI:ar) som baserades på andelar av maximala voxelvärdet. Den andra metoden byggde på användning av s.k. recovery coefficients (RCs) som korrektionsfaktorer för de uppmätta aktivitetskoncentrationerna. Dessa beräknades genom att falta binära bilder av tumörerna med punktspridningsfunktionen (PSF). De binära bilderna framställdes både från bilder tagna med datortomografi (computed tomography, CT) och från PET-bilder med en tröskelmetod för tumöravgränsning. Tröskelmetoden baserades både på aktiviteten i tumören och på bakgrundsaktiviteten. Den jämfördes också med en konventionell tröskelmetod. Resultaten visade att bilder som rekonstruerats med VP SharpIR kan användas för mätning av aktivitetskoncentration med god precision för tumörer större än 13mm diameter. För mindre tumörer är det bättre att använda RC:s. Tröskelmetoden för tumöravgränsning visade avsevärt bättre resultat jämfört med den traditionella tröskelmetoden.

It is becoming more important that transport agendas acknowledge complex social sustainability matters like feelings of safety and security. For developing knowledge in this context today, participatory descriptive assessments hold a strong position. However, quantitative methods providing popular transport appraisals, have a clearer impact focus, but struggle with encompassing social sustainability matters. Filling the methodological gap that exists between the participatory descriptive tradition and the quantitative impact tradition, can be vital in moving methods closer to public and policy demands and norms. This work uses independent interdisciplinary collaboration and assesses the appropriateness of the Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE) method for encompassing feelings of safety and security in public transport in the context of Stockholm, Sweden. The PVE method evaluates projects through participation and quantifies results without relying monetary valuation, while allowing for norms to be detected. By using in depth descriptive information as PVE input, this study aims to provide a methodological contribution by analysing the PVE method in a new complex setting with modifications made. Descriptive results from the PVE method is regarded to still advance knowledge on feelings of safety and security, while improving the impact focus of appraisals by evaluating projects. The method can benefit from a focus on transparency, attractive participation and quality in results and the amendment here called ‘re-categorisation’ was found necessary for PVE appraisals. Incentives to keep flawed processes can be found in political and policy realms and with no actor controlling the intersectoral (and interdisciplinary) issue of feelings of safety and security, traditions can have a strong impact. However, this study shows feasibility in improving appraisals given the contemporary public and policy standards.

This thesis deals with modelling and simulation of the power set of pumped storage hydro plant. This power set control opening/closing the stator blades of Francis reverse turbine in Dalesice. It is a positional servomechanism where input signal is desired value of turbine opening. The goal of this work is to create computer modell of this power set in Matlab-Simulink. This modell must be comparable with properties of real power set and after modification usefull to other water power plants. Characteristics of computer modell can be verify with real measuring.

The subject matter of the master´s thesis is, in particular, an evaluation of the advantageousness of the construction of a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station in the vicinity of Cukrová Bouda. In the master´s thesis introduction the utilisation of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in providing reserve power generation to the operator of a power transmission system is discussed. The thesis then focuses on a technical design solution where two alternatives are drawn up for which the nominal parameters of individual designs for a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station are specified. The following part deals with the impact of the structure and the plant’s subsequent operation on the environment. A further key part is the determination of investment and subsequent operating costs and an evaluation of the plant according to economic pointers. The final part of the master´s thesis contains a SWOT analysis and an assumed programme of works for the plant’s preparation and actual construction. The conclusion contains an overall evaluation.

Nyckeln i att utveckla ett bra flerspelar-spel ligger i spelets möjlighet till samarbete. Det är därför viktigt att veta hur olika spelsätt skiljer sig åt ur ett samarbetsperspektiv. Tidigare forskning har endast studerat samarbete för en given spelstil, till exempel spelare som möter andra spelare eller spelare som möter datorstyrda spelare, och har inte gjort någon direkt jämförelse mellan dessa. Bristen kring detta område har inspirerat till den aktuella undersökningen, som ämnat att undersöka eventuella skillnader på samarbete i spelet World of Warcraft. Det har utförts ett antal experiment, där deltagare fått möjligheten att spela World of Warcraft i slumpmässiga grupper. Dessa experiment har observerats för att analysera olika utslag som uppstått i samarbetet gentemot bestämda bedömningskriterier. Undersökningen har visat på stora skillnader i samarbete och har även visat vikten av social kompetens när det kommer till att interagera med sina medspelare. / The key to developing a good multiplayer game lies in the possibilities for cooperation. Therefore it is important to know how different playstyles differ from a collaborative perspective. Previous research has only studied cooperation within a given playstyle, such as player versus player or player versus environment and has not made a direct comparison between different playstyles. The lack of information about this topic is the inspiration for this study, which examines the difference in collaboration between the aforementioned playstyles in the game World of Warcraft. A number of experiments were carried out in which randomized groups of participants played the game World of Warcraft. The results of these experiments have been analyzed according to specific criteria and show large differences in cooperation as well as the importance of players’ social skills when interacting with other members of a team.