Dementia affects around 850,000 people in the UK. Whilst there is no cure, understanding how to support people to live well with this condition is important. There are 'many faces of dementia' and delineating experiences of living with different dementias in daily life is a key step towards understanding how to support people to live well with different symptoms. Supporting eating-related practices in a socio-relational context, referred to in this thesis as 'dining' experiences, may help promote the psychological needs related to living well with dementia, including inclusion, occupation and identity. This study aimed to understand how dining experiences and interactions were affected when living with typical dementia (tAD) and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and the processes involved in supporting dining experiences. Data collection included in-depth interviews with 20 family dyads (9 tAD; 11 PCA) and video-based observations of four dining interactions. An 'informed' grounded theory approach was used and Goffman's (1974) Frame Analysis was identified to support understanding dining experiences in this study. Goffman's (1974) theory provides understanding around how people structure and define their social experiences and coordinate these understandings in interaction. Findings revealed how dining could become disrupted when living with tAD and PCA, relating to vulnerabilities in this experience and eating-related practices becoming more about 'management'. Interacting processes of revising frames, management strategies, optimising opportunities for continuity and engaging in supportive environments, were identified to support maintaining-meaning in dining. Video-based observations extended understanding in terms of contextual factors which shaped experiences and how people used the environment to support their dining interactions. Implications include supporting dining by using a balanced system of various processes to continue to create new meanings and experiences and using the environment to make 'dining' central, as opposed to focusing on eating-related practices as a 'care-task'.

Att mäta patienters HRQoL (Health Related Quality of Life) är en viktig utvecklingslinje inom vård och vårdforskning. Medicinsk resultatmätning bör kompletteras med nya dimensioner för att kunna utvärdera patientens samlade nytta av behandling och vårdåtgärder. Mätningar är särskilt viktiga när det gäller kroniska sjukdomstillstånd. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka erfarenheterna av SF 36 (Short Form (36) Health Survey) på enheter som deltog i Skåneprojektet. Metoden var en enkätundersökning med kvalitativ ansats. 18 enkäter skickades ut till de nio enheter som deltog. I vår undersökning framkom att uppfattningarna varierade om instrumentets nytta, från mycket användbart till ingen nytta alls. Flera svar visade att sjuksköterskorna blivit uppmärksammade på hur patienten verkligen upplevde sin situation och hur olika personal och patient bedömer HRQoL. Framgångsfaktor var eldsjälar. Intresse från läkare och patienter påverkade i vilken utsträckning resultaten användes. Flera kunde se betydelsen av att fråga patienten om HRQoL, däremot fanns det osäkerhet om hur resultaten skulle följas upp och användas och en del upplevde att det tog mycket tid. / Measuring patients' HRQoL (Health Related Quality of Life) is an important line of development in the health care and research. Medical outcome measurements should be supplemented by new dimensions to evaluate the patient's overall benefit of treatment and care measures. Measurements are particularly important in chronic disease states. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of the SF 36 (Short Form (36) Health Survey) on the units that participated in the Skåne project. The method was a survey with a qualitative approach. 18 questionnaires were sent to the nine units that participated. Our study revealed that perceptions varied on the instrument's utility, from very useful for nothing at all. Several responses showed that nurses have been made aware of how the patient actually experienced their situation and how different staff and patient assess HRQoL. Success factor was enthusiasts. Interest from doctors and patients affect the extent to which the results were used. Many could see the importance of the issue of patient HRQoL, however, there was uncertainty about how the results would be monitored and used, and some felt that it took much time.

Bakgrund: I Sverige har cirka 50 000 människor venösa bensår och kostnaden för att behandla dessa beräknas uppgå till omkring en miljard kronor. Svårläkta venösa bensår kan påverka individen på ett fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt plan. Syftet: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att hantera symptom relaterat till svårläkta venösa bensår. Metod: Kvalitativ forskningsintervju med semistrukturerade frågor tillämpades som datainsamlingsmetod och utfördes på fyra vårdcentraler i Mellansverige med totalt 11 deltagare. Materialet bearbetades sedan med en innehållsanalysmetod. Resultat: Deltagarna har till stor del lärt sig att anpassa sig till de besvär bensåret orsakade. Smärtan hanterades bland annat genom att ta smärtstillande läkemedel vilket även kunde förbättra sömnen. Vid dusch användes plastpåsar, gladpack eller plaststrumpor för att inte blöta ner bandaget och vid nedsatt mobilisering användes hjälpmedel såsom rollatorer, kryckor eller rullstol. Genom att informera omgivningen om bensårets existens kunde det sociala umgänget förbättras samt genom att tänka positivt och avleda negativa tankemönster på bensåret genom sysselsättning samt jämföra med dem som har det värre kunde deltagarna lättare acceptera bensåret. Slutsats: Patienter med svårläkta venösa bensår kan anpassa sig till de symptom bensåret ger upphov till genom att tillämpa copingstrategier för att hantera det dagliga livet. Anhöriga är en viktig del i denna anpassning. Genom att tänka positivt, avleda negativa tankemönster på bensåret genom att aktivera sig samt jämföra med dem som har det värre kan personen lättare acceptera sitt bensår. / Background: In Sweden, approximately 50 000 people have venous leg ulcers and the cost of treating these is estimated to around one billion SEK. Slow-healing venous leg ulcers can affect individuals on a physical, mental and social level. The aim: To describe patients' experiences of managing symptoms related to slow-healing venous leg ulcers. Method: A qualitative research interview with semi-structured questions was applied as the method of data collection and conducted in four health centres in central Sweden with a total of 11 participants. The material was then evaluated by content analysis. The result: The participants largely learned to adapt the difficulties caused by leg ulcer. The pain was managed for example by taking painkillers, which also could improve the sleep. When showering plastic bags, cling film or plastic socks were used to avoid soaking the bandage and in the case of reduced mobility walking aids such as walkers, crutches or wheelchairs were used. By informing friends and family about the existence of the leg ulcer, social interaction was improved and by thinking positively, diverting negative thought patterns through free-time activities and comparing with those who had it worse the participants could more easily accept the leg ulcer. Conclusion: Patients with difficult-to-heal venous leg ulcers can adapt to the symptoms caused by the leg ulcer by using coping strategies to deal with everyday life. Family members are an important part of this adaptation. By thinking positively, divert negative thought patterns of the leg ulcer by activating and compare with those who had it worse, the person can more easily accept their leg ulcers.

The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers in both secondary school and high school teach about the Holocaust. I have examined how six teachers educate about the Holocaust and I have used qualitative interviews during the process. I have also examined what kind of strategy the teachers apply while teaching. My study shows that there is a big difference in the teaching between the secondary school and the high school. The reason behind the difference is that the teachers in secondary school have more scheduled time for lessons about the Holocaust, in comparison to the teachers in high school. The secondary school teachers examine the students about the Holocaust like an individually subject through discussions and specialization, while the teachers in high school examine the Holocaust like a part of the second world war. Once again the reason for this set-up is lack of time. Another difference is that the secondary school teachers have visited different concentration camps with their students. They have also organized appearance of survivors from the Holocaust. The high school teachers have done none of that. One thing that the secondary school teachers and high school teachers have in common is that they use different kind of movies in their teaching. There is however no pattern in how teachers in the different type of schools use any specific strategy while teaching about the Holocaust. The teachers education is different despite that they follow the same regulatory documents.

Yes / This paper illustrates a novel hybrid approach to analysis which offers unique insights into the experience of postnatal depression in British Pakistani-Muslim women, through the prioritising of voice. To do so, we combine thematic and dialogical analysis, using data from a study on motherhood and postnatal depression. Participants were part of the birth cohort ‘Born in Bradford's Better Start’. The rationale for developing a hybridised approach is discussed. The ensuing analyses highlight the role of internal voices and chronotope, which give a detailed insight into women's meaning making of psychological distress and motherhood during the postnatal period. We go onto discuss the strength and limitations of hybridising thematic-dialogical analysis in the context of health research. / This work is funded by a University of Bradford, Faculty of Social Sciences scholarship. This study was supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Yorkshire and Humber Applied Research Collaboration.

Palliativ vård är en helhetsvård av patienten och dennes familj. Fler människor önskar att få dö i det egna hemmet och olika hemsjukvårdsformer har vuxit fram. Hemsjukvården är en form som har ökat och målet är att ett stort antal personer med sjukvårds- och omvårdnadsbehov ska kunna bo kvar i det egna hemmet. Det vårdvetenskapliga perspektivet beskriver att målet med vårdandet av den palliativa patienten är att förhindra eller lindra lidandet och skapa villkor för välbefinnande. Det är också viktigt att stödja patienten och dennes familj så att de upplever en så bra livskvalitet som möjligt, något som den tidigare forskningen visar. För att som sjuksköterska kunna ge god omvårdnad är det viktigt att ha förståelse för patientens behov. Syftet med studien är att beskriva palliativa patienters upplevelse av att bli vårdade i hemmet. Som metod har vi valt att granska kvalitativa artiklar med bas i Evans (2003) analysmodell. Resultatet presenteras i tre teman med subteman: Det känns oftast gott att vara hemma, Livet är begränsat - jag försöker få kontroll och Att leva i dödens närhet kan vara både tryggt och otryggt. Vi ser att det är viktigt att ta del av patienternas upplevelser för att kunna ge dem en god vård och en ökad livskvalité. Oavsett "vem" som knackar på patientens dörr måste vi hjälpa dem att bevara hemkänslan, minnena och deras "hjärta". / Program: Fristående kurs

Chez les personnes âgées, la maladie d'Alzheimer et les pathologies apparentées représentent actuellement un véritable problème de santé publique. Si les lésions anatomo-pathologiques de ces maladies sont bien définies, leur étiologie reste incertaine et vraisemblablement plurifactorielle. En tant que psychologue clinicienne, ce sont les théories impliquant le psychisme dans l'étiologie des maladies démentielles de l'âgé qui ont d'abord retenu mon attention. Une revue de question a permis d'en dresser une liste qui se veut exhaustive et qui se découpe en trois grandes catégories : les théories psycho-dynamiques, les théories psychosociales et enfin les modèles intégratifs plurifactoriels. Parmi ces derniers, celui faisant intervenir les évènements de vie en tant que facteurs de risque a suscité cette double recherche.Ainsi, dans une démarche qualitative, deux études ont débuté en parallèle. La première rétrospective, qui porte sur les histoires de vie d'une population de 30 malades Alzheimer ou apparentés, hébergés dans une unité de vie protégée ; la seconde prospective, qui explore l'évolution cognitive sur plusieurs années de 30 personnes âgées indemnes de troubles au début de l'étude, selon que leurs histoires de vie soient riches ou pas en événements de vie.Si un certain nombre d'évènements perturbants sont relatés par l'entourage pour la plupart des patients de la recherche rétrospective, l'étude prospective montre qu'un nombre important d'évènements de vie n'est ni une condition suffisante, ni une condition nécessaire pour constituer un facteur de risque de troubles cognitifs. Par contre, l'élaboration ou non de ce(s) même(s) évènement(s), leur caractère traumatique ou non, en lien avec le soutien et les aides reçus ou non semblent déterminants dans l'évolution cognitive des sujets.Enfin, chez la plupart des sujets pour qui les évènements anciens se révèlent traumatiques, un épisode contemporain de type « perte » viendrait réactiver les souvenirs et serait un facteur précipitant de troubles cognitifs, voire de décompensation vers une pathologie de la mémoire. / Among the elderly, Alzheimer disease and related pathologies currently constitute a real public health issue. The anatomo-pathological lesions of these diseases may be clearly defined but their etiology remains uncertain and is likely multifactorial. As a clinician psychologist, theories involving psychism in the etiology of demential diseases among elderly, first held my attention. A review of the question enabled me to make a list supposed to be exhaustive and divided into 3 categories : psycho-dynamic, psycho-social theories and multifactorial integrative patterns. Among the latter, the one involving life events as risk factors motivated this double research. Thus is a qualitive procedure, 2 studies started in parallel. The first retrospective dealing with life stories of a population of 30 people affected by Alzheimer or related diseases, hosted in a protected life-unit ; the second prospective scanning through cognitive evolution based on several years for 30 elderly people unharmed by troubles at the start of the study (depending on their life stories having many or few life events). If a certain amount of disturbing events are recounted by relatives for most of the patients of the retrospective research, the prospective research shows that an important number of live events is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition to represent a risk factor of cognitive troubles. On the other hand, the elaboration or non elaboration of there events, their traumatic or non traumatic aspect (linked with the received or not received support and help) seems to be determining in the cognitive evolution of the subjects. Finally, among most of the subjects for whom past events prove to be traumatic, a contemporary "loss"-like episode would revive memories and would be an accelerating factor of cognitive troubles and even a collapse to a memory pathology.

De senaste 10 åren har bokbranschen genomgått en omfattande digitalisering. Ett av resultaten från denna digitalisering är framväxten en helt ny marknad för ljudböcker och ur denna marknad har ett flertal ljudbokstjänster vuxit fram. Dessa ljudbokstjänster erbjuder sina användare en produkt i form av en applikation, i produkten får de tillgång till en obegränsad mängd streamat innehåll, huvudsakligen ljudböcker. Produktutvecklingen av dessa ljudbokstjänster har skett under en tid då agila arbetsprocesser har blivit allt populärare, vilka främjar en delad kunskap mellan utvecklare och kunder. Samtidigt har tillgången till kvantitativt loggad användardata vuxit enormt, vilket har möjliggjort en större och mer kontinuerlig närhet till produktens användare än någonsin tidigare. Denna studie ämnar att undersöka hur svenska ljudbokstjänster arbetar för att integrera sina användare i utvecklingen av deras produkt, med vilka metoder och i vilka syften det utförs. Med den obegränsade tillgången till användare i form av kvantitativt loggad användardata, är det av intresse att undersöka hur det påverkar användandet av andra traditionella metoder för användarinvolvering. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att ta reda på det rådande kunskapsläget gällande metoder för användarinvolvering inom produktutvecklingen av streamingtjänster. Utifrån denna litteraturstudie utformades en intervjuguide. Därefter genomfördes tre kvalitativa intervjuer med en representant vardera från tre av de största och mest etablerade svenska ljudbokstjänsterna. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades mot den undersökta teorin. Ur den analyserade empirin kunde två huvudsakliga syften till ljudbokstjänsternas användarinvolvering fastställas: • Att involvera användare som en medskapare av produkten • Att involvera användaren som testobjekt för prototyper Samtliga av de undersökta ljudboksföretagen använde sig av loggad kvantitativ användardata i båda dessa fall av användarinvolvering. Med användaren som ett testobjekt visar sig A/B-testning spela en stor roll vid användandet av loggad kvantitativ användardata. Två tredjedelar av ljudboksföretagen använde sig av kvalitativa metoder som fokusgrupper, vilket visade sig vara av stor vikt både i syftet att låta användaren testa och medskapa. Fokusgruppens unika fördelar exempelvis empatisk förståelse av användaren, är något som den kvantitativt loggade användardatan inte kan erbjuda. / The audiobook industry has undergone extensive digitisation. One of the results of this digitalisation is the emergence of a whole new market for audio books and from this a number of audiobook services have emerged. These audiobook services offer their users a product as an application where the users have access to an unlimited amount of streamed content in form of audiobooks. The product development of these audiobook services has taken place during a time when agile work processes have become increasingly popular, which promotes shared knowledge between developers and customers. At the same time, access to quantitatively logged user data has grown tremendously, which has enabled a greater and more continuous proximity to the product's users than ever before. This study aims to investigate how Swedish audiobook services work to integrate their users in the development of their product, with what methods and purposes it is performed. With the unlimited access to users in the form of quantitatively logged user data, it is of interest to investigate how it affects the use of other traditional methods of user involvement. A literature study was conducted to find out the current state of knowledge regarding methods of user involvement in the product development of streaming services. Based on this literature study, an interview guide was designed. Subsequently, three qualitative interviews were conducted with one representative each from three of the largest and most established Swedish audiobook services. The interviews were transcribed and analysed against the theory investigated. From the analysed empiric study, two main purposes for the user involvement of audiobook services could be established: • Involving users as a co-creator of the product • Involving the user as a test object for prototypes All of the audiobook companies surveyed used logged quantitative user data in both of these cases of user involvement. With the user as a test object, A / B testing proves to play a major role in the use of logged quantitative user data. Two-thirds of audiobook companies used qualitative methods such as focus groups, which proved to be of great importance to both user testing and co-creation. The focus group's unique advantages, for example empathic understanding of the user, is something that the quantitatively logged user data cannot offer.

Alors que la compréhension des motivations sous-jacentes à la délinquance sexuelle, notamment en ce qui concerne la récidive, continue d’attirer l’attention des chercheurs, la compréhension des motivations entourant la première infraction sexuelle reste limitée. Cette absence de connaissance concernant l’apparition de la délinquance sexuelle reste un défi notamment pour la prévention du phénomène. Cette lacune complique divers aspects de la réinsertion sociale. Cela inclut le développement de programmes efficaces qui ciblent les besoins spécifiques des délinquants, la mise en place de mesures préventives, un manque de soutien des services de réinsertion, ainsi qu'une stigmatisation des délinquants sexuels par la société, entravant leur capacité à se réintégrer positivement. Comprendre les motivations derrière le comportement sexuel déviant nécessite de s’intéresser aux facteurs entourant le parcours de vie et le délit de l’individu. Il est nécessaire de comprendre les circonstances qui ont conduit à leurs actions, mais également la manière dont le passage à l’acte s’inscrit dans leur vie. Le but de la présente étude était de mettre en lumière les trajectoires de vie des individus qui ont commis une première infraction à caractère sexuel afin de mieux comprendre les motivations à commettre ce type d’acte criminel. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie qualitative a été utilisée au sein de laquelle douze personnes, recrutées en maison de transition et ayant commis un délit sexuel, ont été amenées à préciser leurs trajectoires de vie, de leur enfance à la commission de leur première infraction sexuelle. Il est apparu que les trajectoires des auteurs de délinquance sexuelle étaient très diversifiées et parsemées de difficultés. Ces difficultés rencontrées étaient propres aux participants et concernaient des sphères de vie multiples. À travers le parcours de ces individus, nous avons étudié la nature des délits qu’ils ont perpétrés. Notre objectif était de pénétrer au coeur de leurs motivations, d'explorer les mécanismes qui ont conduit à leur passage à l'acte, tout en examinant leur regard rétrospectif sur les crimes commis. À l’avenir, cela permet inévitablement de concevoir des programmes de réinsertion et de prévention de la récidive efficaces et adaptés aux besoins des individus concernés. / While understanding the motivations underlying sexual offending, particularly regarding recidivism, continues to attract researchers' attention, understanding the motivations surrounding the first sexual offense remains limited. This lack of knowledge regarding the onset of sexual offending remains a challenge, especially for preventing the phenomenon. This gap complicates various aspects of social reintegration, including the development of effective programs targeting offenders' specific needs, implementing preventive measures, lack of support from reintegration services, and societal stigmatization of sexual offenders, hindering their ability to reintegrate positively. Understanding the motivations behind deviant sexual behavior requires examining the life trajectories and offense of the individual. It is necessary to understand the circumstances that led to their actions and how the offense fits into their life. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the life trajectories of individuals who committed a first sexual offense to better understand the motivations behind this type of criminal act. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology was used in which twelve individuals, recruited from transition houses, and having committed a sexual offense, were asked to elaborate on their life trajectories, from childhood to the commission of their first sexual offense. It emerged that the trajectories of sexual offending authors were highly diverse and fraught with difficulties. These encountered difficulties were specific to the participants and concerned multiple spheres of life. Through the journeys of these individuals, we examined the nature of the offenses they committed. Our goal was to delve into their motivations, explore the mechanisms that led to their actions, and examine their retrospective view on the crimes committed. In the future, this inevitably allows for the design of effective reintegration and recidivism prevention programs tailored to the needs of the individuals involved.