We are now in a rapid growth digital age. Different kinds of digitized applications are affecting people's daily life in different ways. All of these digitized applications generate tremendous amounts of information every day. We need to archive the important information because of their enduring value. However, the storage of digital information over time is a complex and difficult task. Selecting reliable digital archiving media, choosing suitable digital archiving methods, and using appropriate file formats for digital archiving are essential elements for achieving this task.Many companies and organizations have invested in finding reliable and affordable storage media for digital archiving since the end of the last century. Compact Disc Recordable (CD-R) quickly became one of the most popular choices for preserving digital information because CD-R can provide reliable back up at a reasonable price. Nevertheless, recent studies revealed that CD-R as a recording media for long term information archiving is not as reliable as we wish [4]. Its recording media may suffer from lost data because of possible damage from heat, humidity and light.In order to improve the performance of CD-R for long term digital archiving, there has been some research on hardware and software solutions to address this potential problem. Still most existing improvements have limitations either in the need of changing current CD-R standards or significant changes in current optical media drives.The objective of this research is to design and implement a novel system that advances the state of the art in digital archiving using CD-R, especially in the area of digital image storage. The design proposes robust image storage methods for CD-Rs based on the JPEG2000 standard. These storage methods combine the virtual block interleaver, Reed Solomon codes, and the error resilience tools of JPEG2000 effectively to protect the images on CD-Rs against errors caused by possible physical damage.To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed digital data storage methods, numerous experiments are conducted. The results show that the robust digital archiving methods for CD-R are useful and efficient.

In work the first novel of known Lithuanian prose writer R.Granauskas "Hollow" is considered. Looking at this work through a prism of myths and realities, it would be desirable to understand the ideas hidden in it, to compare them and to answer questions: Whether myths influence our life? If yes that how? In the novel the Soviet reality opposed to archaic myths and aspiration to understand on how many of them were kept in subconsciousness of the modern person, what myths were created with new generation. In work some elements which most brightly reflect considered differences of traditional myths and a communistic reality are detached. Also attempt is made to go deep in occuring with the person, when these two spaces contradicting each other (anarchical and modern) collide.

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We consider constrained variants of graph homomorphisms such as embeddings, monomorphisms, full homomorphisms, surjective homomorpshims, and locally constrained homomorphisms. We also introduce a new variation on this theme which derives from relations between graphs and is related to multihomomorphisms. This gives a generalization of surjective homomorphisms and naturally leads to notions of R-retractions, R-cores, and R-cocores of graphs. Both \\mbox{R-cores} and R-cocores of graphs are unique up to isomorphism and can be computed in polynomial time. The theory of the graph homomorphism order is well developed, and from it we consider analogous notions defined for orders induced by constrained homomorphisms. We identify corresponding cores, prove or disprove universality, characterize gaps and dualities. We give a new and significantly easier proof of the universality of the homomorphism order by showing that even the class of oriented cycles is universal. We provide a systematic approach to simplify the proofs of several earlier results in this area. We explore in greater detail locally injective homomorphisms on connected graphs, characterize gaps and show universality. We also prove that for every $d\\geq 3$ the homomorphism order on the class of line graphs of graphs with maximum degree $d$ is universal.

Aboriginal rights are rooted in the historical relationship between the Indigenous peoples of Canada and the Crown and attempt to reconcile the prior occupation of lands by the Aboriginal peoples with claims of Crown Sovereignty. Treaty rights, on the other hand, owe their existence to a series of consensual agreements between the signatories and represent an ongoing relationship between the parties. Treaties represent an integral part of the early Indigenous-European relationship, initially offering peace and friendship and later a vehicle through which the Europeans could acquire lands from the Aboriginal peoples for settlement. In the seminal decision R. v. Sparrow, the Supreme Court of Canada for the first time attempted to address the scope and content of these constitutionally protected Aboriginal rights. The court concluded that Aboriginal rights existed at common law and that these common law rights, whatever they may be, received constitutional protection by virtue of s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Thus, any legislative enactment designed to infringe on these rights must meet constitutional standards for justification. Despite strict limitations on infringement, in the period following Sparrow, the Court has watered down the effects of this decision by diluting the legislative intent portion of the test to such a degree that it risks becoming a non-factor in the justification process. In this paper, I contend that the use of the Sparrow test, particularly as that test has been interpreted by the Court in the period following Sparrow is flawed, and to use this test as a tool for determining when constitutionally protected Aboriginal treaty rights might be infringed multiplies this flaw to a critical point.

This research is concerned with the question of performance in scientific research, and focusses on the potential of Adaption-Innovation theory (Kirton, 1976) for providing insights into individual innovativeness. Using empirical data from four large research organisations, a taxonomy of scientists is developed using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation (KAI) inventory. This taxonomy breaks new ground in its use of the sub-scales of KAI. It shows that the use of the total KAI scale, as in previous research in the literature, is a conflation which conceals important insights. The research also breaks new ground in its conceptualisation of research performance. Two dimensions of performance are hypothesised: creative performance and skills performance. The evidence suggests that the distinction is meaningful and that the two dimensions are essentially orthogonal. The taxonomy developed in this research identifies four types of scientists according to their location on the '0' and 'E' sub-scales of the KAI. It is in the distinction between two types possessing similar mid-range KAI scores that the research makes a notable contribution to the literature. These two types are shown to be very different in terms of their performance, job satisfaction and other characteristics. It is through these insights that the research offers the prospect of an instrument of value in the deployment of research scientists. Finally, concerns about the conceptual status of the KAI are developed. The KAI is critically reviewed, and the evidence presented seriously challenges the claim that the KAI is purely a measure of cognitive style. Criticism is focussed on the 0 sub-scale which, it is argued, contains items measuring level of cognitive ability. A refined KAI is developed and evaluated using a sample of post-graduate students of management. It is demonstrated that sub-scales can be derived which are more homogeneous conceptually and give nearly orthogonal measures.

Aboriginal rights are rooted in the historical relationship between the Indigenous peoples of Canada and the Crown and attempt to reconcile the prior occupation of lands by the Aboriginal peoples with claims of Crown Sovereignty. Treaty rights, on the other hand, owe their existence to a series of consensual agreements between the signatories and represent an ongoing relationship between the parties. Treaties represent an integral part of the early Indigenous-European relationship, initially offering peace and friendship and later a vehicle through which the Europeans could acquire lands from the Aboriginal peoples for settlement. In the seminal decision R. v. Sparrow, the Supreme Court of Canada for the first time attempted to address the scope and content of these constitutionally protected Aboriginal rights. The court concluded that Aboriginal rights existed at common law and that these common law rights, whatever they may be, received constitutional protection by virtue of s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Thus, any legislative enactment designed to infringe on these rights must meet constitutional standards for justification. Despite strict limitations on infringement, in the period following Sparrow, the Court has watered down the effects of this decision by diluting the legislative intent portion of the test to such a degree that it risks becoming a non-factor in the justification process. In this paper, I contend that the use of the Sparrow test, particularly as that test has been interpreted by the Court in the period following Sparrow is flawed, and to use this test as a tool for determining when constitutionally protected Aboriginal treaty rights might be infringed multiplies this flaw to a critical point.

The works of Ernesto Sabato resemble an extensive allegory related to various aspects of humanity. Sabato is considered one of the most outstanding writers of Argentina, who has dedicated himself to commentary on contemporary issues, not only of his homeland but also of the world in general. He also invites us to share in the turmoil of his own inner self. His essays are a reflection and analysis of the sorrows and sufferings of mankind which characterize the universal catastrophe of our time. / In this thesis we study the ideas contained in several of Sabato's essays, reinforced by the personal preoccupations that characterize the author's perspective. In the various stages of our pilgrimage through the universe of his essays, we observe his quest as witness to artistic Argentinian creativity, as well as spokesman of human reactions in the midst of the present-day cataclysm. We not only emphasize Sabato's trajectory throughout perversity and corruption, but also the solidarity and hope, as total expression of the human being that lives and struggles in a chaotic universe.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-[67]).

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology,İzmir, 2005 / Keywords: Synergetic geometry, complementarity, tensegrity, system and synergy, dymaxion, geodesic. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 77).