Over the last few years stimulant substances, such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and synthetic cathinones (SC), have dramatically increased the frequency of lethal intoxications. The spread of these stimulant drugs has caused a complex challenge to the forensic toxicology community. Most analytical methods focus on detection and quantification of a specific class of drugs instead of an extensive variety of compounds. A method for the detection and quantification of 29 ATS and SC drugs in a single procedure was carried out using solid-phase extraction (SPE), pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) agent and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC−MS). The method was validated in accordance with SWGTOX guidelines using human urine samples. The limits of detection (LOD) and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were between (0.5 and 10) ng mL−1, and (5 and 50) ng mL−1, respectively. The linearity range was between 50 and 2000 ng mL−1 with a R2 >0.990 for 20 compounds. The bias and RSD were ≤20%, and no interferences or carryover were observed. The recovery was 80 to 120% for the majority of analytes. Prior to testing the substances, the GC−MS was initially optimised in terms of the oven and injector port temperatures. The sensitivity and selectivity of the GC−MS were then improved using acidified methanol and derivatisation agents. Six acylation reagents were compared and investigated using PFPA, trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFA), chlorodifluoroacetic anhydride (CLF2AA), heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), acetic anhydride (AA) and propionic anhydride (PA). The derivatisation method was optimised by modifying incubation time and temperature during the reaction and evaporation stages. Several parameters were used to evaluate the performance of the reagents, including the number of ions, relative ion ratio, peak area values, number of unique ions with some validation parameters. The reagents were further inspected using recovery through SPE in whole blood. The results of the comparison study showed that PFPA was the favoured reagent. All the derivatisation reagents were suitable for use on cathinones. Long term stability was investigated for the 29 stimulant compounds in human urine specimens over a period of 381 days at room temperature (RT), refrigerator (4°C) and freezer (−20°C) conditions. ATS were stable under all conditions, and all tested substances were stable at freezer conditions. Most SC at RT had lost more than 20% of the compound after two days, and had completely disappeared after a month. Most SC’s at refrigerator temperatures were unstable after day 21, and gradually decreased until undetected between days 77 and 349. The substances were stable on the autosampler for three days. No concentration-dependent variations were observed. Half-lives of selected drugs were briefly discussed. A sample preparation method that meets green analytic chemistry (GAC) requirements is desirable. Therefore, a method using solid phase microextraction (SPME) tips were initially developed via 13 processing steps and then validated using GC−MS in urine for eight ATS and SC substances. LOD and LLOQ were (5−25) ng mL-1, and (25−100) ng mL-1, respectively. The bias and RSD were < 15% error with R2 ≥0.992 for all analytes. Applying green analytical chemistry (GAC) parameters, the procedure had minor effects on health, waste and safety proportionate to LLE and SPE by adding the only microscale amounts of methanol and salt. Attention to the prevalence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) such as SC, is significant to the justice system and the forensic toxicology community. The prevalence of SC was studied using 273 urine specimens collected from Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia. The cathinone compound estimation prevalence rate was 1.01%. No other cathinones were identified. Further prevalence studies should be conducted in the future using a larger sample size and incorporating more drug substances and metabolites.

The thesis investigates the theory that there were many physical and social factors inherent in the lives of the British in colonial India in the twentieth century which predisposed some of them to mental illness. It seeks to learn more about those individuals who became mentally distressed during their service to the Raj and the treatment they received. The study begins with an interrogation of the literature of the history of modern Western psychiatry and its relevance to colonial India between 1900 and 1947. With the use of contemporaneous text books and Indian professional medical journals it explores how psychiatry was implemented in the sub-continent. These considerations are followed by an exploration of the physical and social determinants of stress in such areas as climate and topography. It identifies the stressors associated with the artificial and archaic society of Britons in India, who are shown to be an ethnic minority determined to preserve their privileged position. The use of the cultural web, an investigative tool adapted from the study of organisational change, illustrates how the colonial rulers were incapable of changing their lifestyle as national and international developments began to impact on them as a community. Evidence is provided showing how the profession of psychiatric nursing was generally ignored by the colonial nursing establishment and often disparaged by doctors. Previously unseen medical case records from the European Mental Hospital at Ranchi in northern India give insight into the practice of psychiatrists and their attitudes to their patients. It identifies the rapidity with which methods of treatment newly developed in Europe were implemented at the hospital. The thesis concludes that there were many stressful factors in British life in colonial India which could lead to mental illness and identifies several topics suitable for further academic research. It also shows that the European Mental Hospital in India was in the forefront of international psychiatric practice in the 1920s and 1930s.

Employees affected by burnout syndrome often experience reduced engagement and decreased job performance, costing their organizations through lost productivity and profit. However, it is not clear what causes employee burnout in working environments. The purpose of this correlation study was to examine the relationships between project cost, project team member role, project schedule, and project team member burnout. This study was grounded in the job demands-resources theory, which states that all employees experience demands in their work that may lead to long-term stress and eventually burnout syndrome if these demands are not mitigated by job resources. The population for this study consisted of project management team members located in the Southern United States. The research question for this study examined the relationships among project cost, project team member role, project schedule, and burnout of project team members. A survey provided the data for analysis (N = 159). Study data were evaluated using correlational analysis. Multiple linear regression results indicated no significant relationships existed between project cost, project team member role, project schedule, and the 3 constructs of burnout syndrome: cynicism, exhaustion, and professional efficacy. This study may contribute to social change by increasing awareness of what contributes to employee burnout. This research is relevant to project management team members and business leaders. Burnout leads to reduced employee engagement, lost profit for the business, and health impairment for burned out employees. Project teams and business leaders would benefit by incorporating information from this study in programs designed to reduce, mitigate, or eliminate burnout among project management personnel.

<p>The paper is an extensive review of inter organizational relation. Every organization wants to attain the competitive position in the Global market. The organization is effectively utilizing the R&D, production and marketing units, to develop the innovative products to accomplish the consumer needs.  The need for innovation is growing every day. The innovation success depends on the vital link between R&D, production and Marketing. In this paper concentrated on R&D and Marketing units at Ericsson Telecom Company, because these two units are combined and work together to discover new innovative products according to the customer requirements and to improve their operational excellence. The paper analyzed the relation between the R&D and Marketing departments of Ericsson is Strong or weak by using the factors like communication, decision making, formal and informal mechanism between the two units and also identified the relationship between these two units has it improved during last three years (2006- 2008).</p><p>Research Methodology: In this dissertation work the authors were taken the interpretative research. The researchers used Primary data and secondary data. The primary data collected by E mail questions to Ericsson's employees and secondary data collected by Journals, Ericsson home page, magazines and library online database etc.</p><p>Findings: The researchers analyzed the current relationship between R&D and Marketing units at Ericsson Organization. We scrutinized communication, decision making, and formal and informal mechanism are giving positive support and build the strong relationship between two units. The researchers also found few gaps between two units, but the overall relationship between two units were strong. It positively contributes to Ericsson's operational excellence.</p>

The paper is an extensive review of inter organizational relation. Every organization wants to attain the competitive position in the Global market. The organization is effectively utilizing the R&amp;D, production and marketing units, to develop the innovative products to accomplish the consumer needs.  The need for innovation is growing every day. The innovation success depends on the vital link between R&amp;D, production and Marketing. In this paper concentrated on R&amp;D and Marketing units at Ericsson Telecom Company, because these two units are combined and work together to discover new innovative products according to the customer requirements and to improve their operational excellence. The paper analyzed the relation between the R&amp;D and Marketing departments of Ericsson is Strong or weak by using the factors like communication, decision making, formal and informal mechanism between the two units and also identified the relationship between these two units has it improved during last three years (2006- 2008). Research Methodology: In this dissertation work the authors were taken the interpretative research. The researchers used Primary data and secondary data. The primary data collected by E mail questions to Ericsson's employees and secondary data collected by Journals, Ericsson home page, magazines and library online database etc. Findings: The researchers analyzed the current relationship between R&amp;D and Marketing units at Ericsson Organization. We scrutinized communication, decision making, and formal and informal mechanism are giving positive support and build the strong relationship between two units. The researchers also found few gaps between two units, but the overall relationship between two units were strong. It positively contributes to Ericsson's operational excellence.

Studien ämnar utreda vilket förhållande elever i gymnasiets tredje årskurs har till läro- och kursplanerna samt hur de upplever det egna ansvaret i uppföljningen av de tillhörande målen. I studien vägs, förutom aktuell forskning om elevrelaterat ansvar, Giddens sociologiska teoribildning in. Detta görs för att sammanlänka skolsystemet med det omgivande samhälle det är en del av. Eftersom eleverna är den sista årskullen som tar studenten enligt Lpo 94 är det också den läroplanen som i arbetet fokuseras. Eleverna utgör på så vis också det yttersta beviset på hur läroplanens ideal har förankrats i den konkreta verksamheten. Empirin har insamlats genom kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta elever från två gymnasieskolor. Studien visar att elever i mycket liten utsträckning har någon alls uppfattning om läro- och kursplanerna och därför inte heller har någon åsikt om dem. I fråga om det ansvar som ålagts eleverna finner de det ofrånkomligt och självkart, men ofta stressande. De poängterar också att de är de själva som har det absoluta ansvaret för sina betyg och att läraren endast är ett hjälpmedel i strävan efter önskvärda resultat. Ställt i relation till Giddens diskuteras hur de centralt styrda skoldokumenten kan ses som abstrakta system som vilar på sociologiska tillitsmekanismer. Detta ger en fördjupad bild av elevernas ansvarstyngda situation ur ett större samhällsperspektiv.

Aboriginal rights are rooted in the historical relationship between the Indigenous peoples of Canada and the Crown and attempt to reconcile the prior occupation of lands by the Aboriginal peoples with claims of Crown Sovereignty. Treaty rights, on the other hand, owe their existence to a series of consensual agreements between the signatories and represent an ongoing relationship between the parties. Treaties represent an integral part of the early Indigenous-European relationship, initially offering peace and friendship and later a vehicle through which the Europeans could acquire lands from the Aboriginal peoples for settlement. In the seminal decision R. v. Sparrow, the Supreme Court of Canada for the first time attempted to address the scope and content of these constitutionally protected Aboriginal rights. The court concluded that Aboriginal rights existed at common law and that these common law rights, whatever they may be, received constitutional protection by virtue of s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Thus, any legislative enactment designed to infringe on these rights must meet constitutional standards for justification. Despite strict limitations on infringement, in the period following Sparrow, the Court has watered down the effects of this decision by diluting the legislative intent portion of the test to such a degree that it risks becoming a non-factor in the justification process. In this paper, I contend that the use of the Sparrow test, particularly as that test has been interpreted by the Court in the period following Sparrow is flawed, and to use this test as a tool for determining when constitutionally protected Aboriginal treaty rights might be infringed multiplies this flaw to a critical point. / October 2004

Flexmix implements a general framework for fitting discrete mixtures of regression models in the R statistical computing environment: three variants of the EM algorithm can be used for parameter estimation, regressors and responses may be multivariate with arbitrary dimension, data may be grouped, e.g., to account for multiple observations per individual, the usual formula interface of the S language is used for convenient model specification, and a modular concept of driver functions allows to interface many di_erent types of regression models. Existing drivers implement mixtures of standard linear models, generalized linear models and model-based clustering. Flexmix provides the E-step and all data handling, while the M-step can be supplied by the user to easily define new models. (author's abstract) / Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"

Inaug.--diss.--Münster. / At head of title: Geschichte. Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": 4th prelim. leaf.

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