Les Offices, monument emblématique de la Renaissance florentine, restent, malgré leur célébrité, encore curieusement méconnus. Considérés comme l’ancêtre des musées européens, ils sont construits par Giorgio Vasari pour accueillir les magistratures de Cosimo I, puis partiellement transformés en galerie par Francesco I. Si la présence d’ateliers d’artistes y est attestée dès 1586, on sait peu de choses sur leur nature et rien sur leur organisation ou leur raison d’être. Fondée sur le dépouillement systématique des archives florentines, notre thèse se propose de retracer l’histoire des ateliers des Offices sous le règne de Ferdinando 1(1587-1609). L’étude combinée des documents, des plans inédits et des oeuvres conservées nous a permis de reconstituer la structure et le fonctionnement des Offices. Grâce à ces sources, nous avons défini et expliqué l’emplacement des ateliers d’artistes et de savants dans le bâtiment, qui était auparavant inconnu : nous avons ainsi pu déterminer plusieurs pôles d’activités, répartis dans tout le bâtiment. En effet, comme dans la ville, les ateliers sont placés, selon leur discipline, dans des quartiers bien distincts. L’identité de ces artistes et savants, ainsi que leurs conditions de travail, ont été établis à l’aide d’une documentation administrative complexe. Nous avons également examiné leur production: objets d’art, remèdes pharmacologiques et instruments scientifiques se caractérisent tous par leur innovation technique. Cette production est en grande partie employée à servir les intérêts politiques du grand-duc, puisqu’elle est envoyée à travers toute l’Europe comme cadeaux attestant du prestige médicéen. Le succès de cette politique provoque d’ailleurs une certaine émulation auprès des cours européennes. En examinant les cas de Pesaro, de Prague et de Paris, au Louvre, nous montrons que les princes européens cherchent à importer le modèle des Offices, en l’adaptant à leurs propres intérêts. / The Uffizi, emblematic monument of the Florentine Renaissance, are still, in spite of their fame, oddly unknown. Considered as the ancestor of the European museums, they were built by Giorgio Vasari to cater for Cosimo I’s public offices, then were partly transformed into a gallery by Francesco I. Even if the presence of workshops is attested ever since 1586, very few about their nature and nothing about their organisation or their purpose is known. Our thesis, based on a comprehensive assimilation of the Florentine archives, intends to recount the history of the Uffizi workshops during Ferdinando I’s reign (1587-1609). The combined study of the documents, the unpublished maps and of the preserved pieces, has enabled us to piece together again the structure and the functioning of the Uffizi. Thanks to these sources, we have defined and explained the location of the artists’ workshops and of scientists inside the building which was unknown before : so we could determine several functional skill areas shared out through the whole building. Indeed, as in town, die workshops are located, depending on their discipline, in separate districts. The identity of these artists and scientists as well as their working conditions, have been set up thanks to a complicated administrative documentation. We have also looked over their production : art objects, pharmacological medicines and scientific instruments are all characterised by their technical innovation. This production is to a great part used to serve die grand-duke’s politica interests because it is sent throughout all Europe as gifts showing the Medicean prestige. The success of this policy causes moreover some emulation in the European courts. By studying Pesaro’s case, in Prague and Paris, we show that die European princes try to introduce the example of die Uffizi, adapting it in their own interests.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study the notion of R-algebra. Roughly, they are structures that generalize some arithmetic properties of the body of complex numbers. The ?exibi- lity in this generalization is the non-requirement of properties such as commutativity, associativity and identity element existence. We focus primarily on the ?nite dimen- sional division R-algebras. As is well known, modulo isomorphisms exist exactly four of those R-algebras. In the development of the dissertation we will discuss in detail its main algebraic and geometric properties. / Nesse trabalho estudamos a noção de R-álgebra. A grosso modo, elas são es- truturas que generalizam algumas propriedades aritméticas do corpo dos números complexos. A ?exibilidade nessa generalização é a não exigência de propriedades como comutatividade, associatividade e existência de elemento identidade. Focamos principalmente nas R-álgebras de divisão de dimensão ?nita. Como é bem conhe- cido, módulo isomor?smos existem exatamente quatro dessas R-álgebras. No desen- volvimento da dissertação discutiremos detalhadamente suas principais propriedades algébricas e geométricas.

Nous proposons ici une exploration philosophique radicale d'une œuvre littéraire dans le but de tester les limites de la légitimité de ce qu'une modalité particulière de la discipline philosophique considère comme objet de recherche approprié. Nous avons donc choisi d'étudier l’œuvre de Tolkien pour plusieurs raisons exposées ci-dessous. La première est la forme et l'immensité de son univers fictif, et l'effort de vérisimilitude historique qui a occupé ses considérations tout au long de sa rédaction. La seconde est la position conceptuelle de l'auteur à propos de la rédaction de fictions ainsi que ses considérations linguistiques. Finalement, la confluence des différentes dimensions réflexives mentionnées ci-dessus, qui apparaissent toutes esthétiquement motivées, doit aussi être couplée à la dimension religieuse intime et particulière de la vie de l'auteur. Cet étrange mélange a produit une œuvre qui a dépassé son auteur et qui a continué de grandir après sa mort grâce au travail d'édition de son fils. Nous parierons donc que l'étrange contexte de création, qu'est celui de la vie intime de l'artiste, ait culminé en une œuvre suffisamment riche pour, non seulement nous permettre une analyse philosophique intéressante, mais nous permettre d'en reconstruire positivement une vision philosophique du monde. Pour ce faire nous parcourrons l’œuvre narrative de Tolkien dans ses dimensions conceptuelles et morales, politiques et psychologiques, et nous disperserons notre recherche stratégiquement à travers le corpus principal de l’œuvre narrative, c'est-à-dire The Silmarillion et The Lord Of The Rings. Nous commencerons au début chronologique et mythique de celle-ci et nous progresserons jusqu'au point culminant de la fiction historique tout en contextualisant l'interprétation de manière continue afin de toujours reconfirmer, de l'intérieur, les conclusions auxquelles nous serons précédemment arrivés. Ce faisant, nous espérons défier, de manière convaincante, les normes institutionnelles, qui régissent ce qui peut être légitimement considéré comme une œuvre philosophique.

Dans ces travaux, nous nous intéressons à l'estimation et l'étude des intervalles cardiaques. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est donc de développer de nouveaux outils d'estimation de ces intervalles. Plus précisément, nous souhaitons concevoir de nouvelles techniques de traitement du signal pour extraire des ECG les intervalles P-R, qui sont très peu étudiés dans la littérature de part la difficulté d'extraire les ondes P, et dans un second temps les intervalles Q-T. Inspirés de la méthode itérative de Woody (1967) basée sur une technique de corrélation de chaque observation avec une moyenne des signaux réalignés, nous proposons tout d'abord un perfectionnement de cette méthode. En effet, à partir du même modèle d'observations, nous développons le critère de maximum de vraisemblance et nous obtenons une amélioration de la méthode de Woody au sens de l'optimalité. Le modèle d'observations de cette méthode est ensuite enrichi par une onde potentiellement parasite additionnée au bruit, et une généralisation de la méthode de Woody est proposée. En prenant l'exemple de l'onde T de l'ECG qui se superpose à l'onde P du battement suivant lorsque la fréquence cardiaque est élevée, différents modèles de l'onde T sont proposés. Grâce à ces deux méthodes proposées, les objectifs d'estimer et d'analyser les intervalles cardiaques, tels que les intervalles R-R, Q-T et P-R, sont atteints. Plus précisément, grâce à la généralisation de Woody, l'estimation des intervalles P-R à l'exercice est réalisable. L'application de ces méthodes aux enregistrements réels de différents types d'ECG (repos, exercice, fibrillation auriculaire,...), nous a révélé de nouveaux résultats concernant l'évolution des intervalles cardiaques, comme par exemple : l'existence d'un phénomène d'hystérésis en sens horaire dans la relation P-R/R-R, et une caractérisation possible des sujets en fonction de leur niveau d'entraînement à l'aide de la pente des intervalles P-R au début de la phase de récupération. Une modélisation de la réponse du Q-T à un changement de la période cardiaque a également été proposée s'inspirant du comportement électrique cellulaire.

This dissertation addresses the intensifying global issue of food insecurity within our country and the contributing factors thereof. It investigates the role architecture can play as a systemic tool (in the form of a gastronomic quarter) to facilitate the re[grow]th of a highly contested site. By identifying and drawing from global and local issues, new solutions, developed through the integration of socio-economic systems, act as points of acupuncture. These points aim to improve contextual conditions through food network empowerment. Through a newly informed architectural approach various people within society are enabled through local means of support. It is food and the accessibility thereof that forms the basis of the socially inclined space. Local support is essential for community growth and empowerment, which in turn, positively impacts the overall urban fabric through the provision of a more inclusive environment. / Die verhandeling is gerig op die toenemende globale kwessie van ons land se voedselonsekerheid en die faktore wat daartoe bydra. Dit ondersoek die rol wat argitektuur kan speel as 'n sistemiese instrument (in die vorm van 'n gastronomiese kwartaal) vir die her[groei] van 'n hoogs omstrede kwessie. Deur die identifisering van globale en plaaslike omstandighede word voedselsekerheid bemagtiging ontwikkel deur die integrasie van sosio-ekonomiese stelsels wat optree as punte van akupunktuur om kontekstuele omstandighede te verbeter. Deur 'n nuut gevormde argitektoniese benadering waardeur kos en die toeganklikheid daarvan die basis vorm van sosiale inklusiwiteit, word verskeie mense in die samelewing bemagtig deur van plaaslike ondersteuning gebruik te maak. Plaaslike ondersteuning is van kardinale belang vir die groei en bemagtiging van 'n gemeenskap, wat 'n positiewe impak op die algehele stedelike moraliteit of weefsel het deur die voorsiening van 'n meer inklusiewe omgewing vir die bemagtiging van daardie V. gemeenskap. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

<p dir="ltr">Energy consciousness initiatives have seen a recent uptick to curb the ever growing concerns of global warming. Heat Pumps are a crucial piece of technology for these efforts, as they consume lower energy than the requirement they satisfy and are typically used for refrigeration and HVAC systems. Hybrid Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) technologies have seen increased adoption, and the improvement of these technologies could pay dividends in the long run. </p><p dir="ltr">This project explores the optimal design space of HPWHs within the context of the Department of Energy Guidelines for their performance rating and compares several up and coming refrigerants with lower GWP than the current market dominant refrigerant, R-134a, to provide consistent performance with improvements on the environmental front along with potential cost improvements on the manufacturing front. For this purpose, Dymola, a simulation software that employs the Modelica language for modeling complex dynamic systems, is employed to study the transient behavior of a market example Heat Pump Water Heater. </p><p dir="ltr">The results of these simulations were validated using experimental data gathered in the laboratory using relevant instrumentation on the physical device and manufacture specified performance ratings to compare the validity of the simulation results. The results of the study indicated the presence of a multi-dimensional design space with a defined set of possible combinations for device implementation. Within that feasible region, there exist multiple trajectories of iso-preference which alter the overall device performance, and the careful study of these parameters and their implications on the device performance can lead to a more robust design pathway for future improvements of the device. The work also contextualizes these improvements by quantifying the relative importance of different parameters upon the final performance of the device, showing how to identify which parameters to focus on when embarking upon an improvement journey. Additionally, preliminarily ideal specifications for the device operation under different refrigerants studied were also identified to provide similar or better performance to the current device. </p><p dir="ltr">The study showed that when matching mass flux rates, R-152a, R-290, and R-600a outperform R-134a in terms of expected COP. Of the 3, only R-290 uses a smaller compressor size than the baseline R-134a cycle for achieving the required heating capacity. The other refrigerants studied do not improve upon the COP of the cycle, but do have benefits over R-134a in terms of their respective GWPs. </p><p dir="ltr">The results suggest that with the considered alterations, R-290 systems within the current charge restrictions (<150g) can be developed and achieve the same heating performance with slight improvements on COP and therefore potentially UEF values. </p><p dir="ltr">The study also shows that all refrigerants considered could achieve the required heating capacity with a considerably downsized condenser and appropriately reduced subcooling. It highlighted the trends being consistent across refrigerants and implemented a final alternative refrigerant through the identified optimization steps to arrive at a new configuration without revalidating the trends, showing that newer optimal configurations could be identified with minimal time spent in the simulation environment. </p><p dir="ltr">Finally, the study explored alternative control possibilities by way of overheating the water beyond its required setpoint and enabling a control based mixing at the outlet to reduce the energized time of the device and leveraging the exceptional insulation capabilities for thermal storage.</p>

Submitted by PPG Comunica??o Social (famecos-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-01T17:57:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FILIPE_PEREIRA_GAMBA_DIS.pdf: 2672298 bytes, checksum: 00303c8811ceaeaf3a9cff790b1bcfd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-03T16:37:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FILIPE_PEREIRA_GAMBA_DIS.pdf: 2672298 bytes, checksum: 00303c8811ceaeaf3a9cff790b1bcfd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T16:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FILIPE_PEREIRA_GAMBA_DIS.pdf: 2672298 bytes, checksum: 00303c8811ceaeaf3a9cff790b1bcfd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-30 / This dissertation deals with the imbricated relationship between radio and the internet, given that technological evolution has modified the forms of communication and in this new conjecture different possibilities for the radio are extended. It starts from the premise that the current moment strengthens the media convergence and implies transformations ? not only in the concept of radio, but also in the way of making radio and in the way the content happens to be consumed. It is pointed out that this work aims to research the radio adaptation from the internet. In this scope two important transformations will occur that have occurred in different proposals: on the radios of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) from the United Kingdom and Radio Gaucha from Porto Alegre. As for BBC its strategies based on the segmentation of radio content - the so-called radio on demand were mapped. In contrast R?dio Ga?cha anchors its changes in social networks. It should be noted that the model adopted by the BBC serves as a reference for a readaptation in which the radio preserves its essence: audio; in contrast, R?dio Ga?cha bases its propagation on social platforms, through the adoption of languages that go beyond audio. These are different readaptations in the form of making radio, from the internet, which exemplify the imperious adaptations of the vehicle in face of the transformations that have occurred in the last decades. / Esta disserta??o versa sobre a imbricada rela??o entre r?dio e internet, tendo em vista que a evolu??o tecnol?gica tem modificado as formas de comunica??o e, nessa nova conjuntura, ampliam-se diferentes possibilidades para o r?dio. Partimos da premissa de que o atual momento fortalece a converg?ncia midi?tica e implica transforma??es ? n?o apenas no conceito de r?dio, mas tamb?m na maneira de se fazer r?dio e na forma como o conte?do passa a ser consumido. Salientamos que este trabalho objetiva pesquisar a readapta??o do r?dio a partir da internet. Nesse escopo, ser?o observadas duas importantes transforma??es que ocorreram em propostas distintas: nas r?dios da British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), do Reino Unido, e na R?dio Ga?cha, de Porto Alegre. No que tange ? BBC, foram mapeadas suas estrat?gias baseadas na segmenta??o de conte?do radiof?nico ? o chamado r?dio sob demanda. J?, a R?dio Ga?cha, ancora suas mudan?as nas redes sociais. Cumpre ressaltarmos que o modelo adotado pela BBC serve como refer?ncia de uma readapta??o na qual o r?dio preserva sua ess?ncia: o ?udio; em contrapartida, a R?dio Ga?cha baseia sua propaga??o nas plataformas sociais, por meio da ado??o de linguagens que v?o al?m do ?udio. Trata-se de readapta??es distintas na forma de se fazer r?dio, a partir da internet, as quais exemplificam as imperiosas adequa??es do ve?culo frente ?s transforma??es ocorridas nas ?ltimas d?cadas.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2008. / Vita. Advisor : Paul Buhle. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 421-427).

La position a priori anti-ottomane, élaborée par des philosophes comme Volney et Montesquieu, en Syrie a été largement partagée par les voyageurs du XIXe siècle et même complétée par l'ensemble des travaux réalisés tout au long du XIXe siècle. Ainsi, voyageurs scientifiques, philosophes, consuls, journalistes ou même poètes, se sont presque tous impliqués dans l'élaboration et la circulation des clichés et des idées reçues sur la Syrie et sur le système turc en Syrie perçu comme une tyrannie globale. Les voyageurs participent ainsi avec leurs écrits, directement ou indirectement, à pérenniser la vision du « despotisme oriental» élaborée par leurs prédécesseurs et relayée dans un premier temps par Volney. Celui-ci, à peine arrivé en Syrie en 1783, dénonçait la misère dont il rendait aussitôt responsables les Turcs. Les autres voyageurs ont presque tous fait le concept de despotisme oriental et ont approuvé dans leurs récits l'auteur du Voyage en Égypte et en Syrie. D'une manière générale, on comprend que l'espace syrien évoque aux voyageurs des souvenirs ancestraux et leur rappelle un passé aussi bien religieux qu'historique parfois très proche. Par là-même, la Syrie, exotique, mythique ou pittoresque, a représenté un intérêt tout particulier pour les voyageurs-écrivains, les touristes et les scientifiques en quête d'exotisme et d'un retour aux sources. / The a priori anti-Ottoman position, developed by philosophers such as Volney and Montesquieu, in Syria, was largely shared by travelers in the 19th century. This preconceived philosophy was reinforced and "completed" by the entire collection of works written throughout the 19th century. Traveling scientists, philosophers, consuls, journalists, and even poets were almost all involved in developing and circulating ideas and clichés regarding Syria and the idea that Turkish rule in Syria was tyrannous. Travelers, as well as their writings, directly or indirectly perpetuated the vision of "Oriental tyranny." This vision, developed by predecessors, was first communicated in writing by Volney. In 1783, he had barely just arrived in Syria, when he began denouncing the misery he encountered, forwhich he held Turkish officials immediately responsible. Other travelers almost all supported the idea of "Oriental Tyranny" and agreed with the author of Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie in their writings.Generally speaking, Syria makes travelers think of their forefathers and reminds them of the past (in both a historic and religious context) that is in reality not that distant from the present. Moreover, those in search of getting back to the basics and the exotic; traveling writers, tourists, and scientists, took a particular interest in the exotic, mythic or picturesque Syria.

A pair of commuting bounded operators (S, P) for which the set r = {(z 1 +z 2,z 1z 2) : |z 1| ≤1, |z 2| ≤1} C2 is a spectral set, is called a r-contraction in the literature. For a contraction P and a bounded commutant S of P, we seek a solution of the operator equation S –S*P = (I –P*P)½ X(I –P*P)½ where X is a bounded operator on Ran(I – P*P)½ with numerical radius of X being not greater than 1. We show the existence and uniqueness of solution to the operator equation above when (S,P) is a r-contraction. We call the unique solution, the fundamental operator of the r-contraction (S,P). As the title indicates, there are three parts of this thesis and the main role in all three parts is played by the fundamental operator. The existence of the fundamental operator allows us to explicitly construct a r-isometric dilation of a r-contraction (S,P), whereas its uniqueness guarantees the uniqueness of the minimal r-isometric dilation. The fundamental operator helps us to produce a genuine functional model for pure r-contractions. Also it leads us to a complete unitary invariant for pure r-contractions. We decipher the structures of r-isometries and r-unitaries by characterizing them in several different ways. We establish the fact that for every pure r-contraction (S,P), there is a bounded operator C with numerical radius being not greater than 1 such that S = C + C* P. When (S,P) is a r-isometry, S has the same form where P is an isometry commuting with C and C*. Also when (S,P) is a r-unitary, S has the same form too with P and C being commuting unitaries. Examples of r-contractions on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and their dilations are discussed.