We consider a communication method, where the sender encodes n classical bits into 1 qubit and sends it to the receiver who performs a certain measurement depending on which of the initial bits must be recovered. This procedure is called (n,1,p) quantum random access code (QRAC) where p > 1/2 is its success probability. It is known that (2,1,0.85) and (3,1,0.79) QRACs (with no classical counterparts) exist and that (4,1,p) QRAC with p > 1/2 is not possible. We extend this model with shared randomness (SR) that is accessible to both parties. Then (n,1,p) QRAC with SR and p > 1/2 exists for any n > 0. We give an upper bound on its success probability (the known (2,1,0.85) and (3,1,0.79) QRACs match this upper bound). We discuss some particular constructions for several small values of n. We also study the classical counterpart of this model where n bits are encoded into 1 bit instead of 1 qubit and SR is used. We give an optimal construction for such codes and find their success probability exactly---it is less than in the quantum case. Interactive 3D quantum random access codes are available on-line at http://home.lanet.lv/~sd20008/racs

We consider a communication method, where the sender encodes n classical bits into 1 qubit and sends it to the receiver who performs a certain measurement depending on which of the initial bits must be recovered. This procedure is called (n,1,p) quantum random access code (QRAC) where p > 1/2 is its success probability. It is known that (2,1,0.85) and (3,1,0.79) QRACs (with no classical counterparts) exist and that (4,1,p) QRAC with p > 1/2 is not possible. We extend this model with shared randomness (SR) that is accessible to both parties. Then (n,1,p) QRAC with SR and p > 1/2 exists for any n > 0. We give an upper bound on its success probability (the known (2,1,0.85) and (3,1,0.79) QRACs match this upper bound). We discuss some particular constructions for several small values of n. We also study the classical counterpart of this model where n bits are encoded into 1 bit instead of 1 qubit and SR is used. We give an optimal construction for such codes and find their success probability exactly---it is less than in the quantum case. Interactive 3D quantum random access codes are available on-line at http://home.lanet.lv/~sd20008/racs

Pulsars, as rotating magnetised neutron stars got much attention during the last 40 years since their discovery. Observations revealed them to be gamma-ray emitters with energies continuing up to the sub 100 GeV region. Better observation of this upper energy cut-off region will serve to enhance our theoretical understanding of pulsars and neutron stars. The H-test has been used the most extensively in the latest periodicity searches, whereas other tests have limited applications and are unsuited for pulsar searches. If the probability distribution of a test statistic is not accurately known, it is possible that, after searching through many trials, a probability for uniformity can be given, which is much smaller than the real value, possibly leading to false detections. The problem with the H-test is that one must obtain the distribution by simulation and cannot do so analytically. For such simulations, random numbers are needed and are usually obtained by utilising so-called pseudo-random number generators, which are not truly random. This immediately renders such generators as useless for the simulation of the distribution of the H-test. Alternatively there exists hardware random number generators, but such devices, apart from always being slow, are also expensive, large and most still don't exhibit the true random nature required. This was the motivation behind the development of a hardware random number generator which provides truly random U(0,l) numbers at very high speed and at low cost The development of and results obtained by such a generator are discussed. The device delivered statistically truly random numbers and was already used in a small simulation of the H-test distribution. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Pulsars, as rotating magnetised neutron stars got much attention during the last 40 years since their discovery. Observations revealed them to be gamma-ray emitters with energies continuing up to the sub 100 GeV region. Better observation of this upper energy cut-off region will serve to enhance our theoretical understanding of pulsars and neutron stars. The H-test has been used the most extensively in the latest periodicity searches, whereas other tests have limited applications and are unsuited for pulsar searches. If the probability distribution of a test statistic is not accurately known, it is possible that, after searching through many trials, a probability for uniformity can be given, which is much smaller than the real value, possibly leading to false detections. The problem with the H-test is that one must obtain the distribution by simulation and cannot do so analytically. For such simulations, random numbers are needed and are usually obtained by utilising so-called pseudo-random number generators, which are not truly random. This immediately renders such generators as useless for the simulation of the distribution of the H-test. Alternatively there exists hardware random number generators, but such devices, apart from always being slow, are also expensive, large and most still don't exhibit the true random nature required. This was the motivation behind the development of a hardware random number generator which provides truly random U(0,l) numbers at very high speed and at low cost The development of and results obtained by such a generator are discussed. The device delivered statistically truly random numbers and was already used in a small simulation of the H-test distribution. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Low-dimensional signal structures naturally arise in a large set of applications in various fields such as medical imaging, machine learning, signal, and array processing. A ubiquitous low-dimensional structure in signals and images is sparsity, and a new sampling theory; namely, compressive sensing, proves that the sparse signals and images can be reconstructed from incomplete measurements. The signal recovery is achieved using efficient algorithms such as \ell_1-minimization. Recently, the research focus has spun-off to encompass other interesting low-dimensional signal structures such as group-sparsity and low-rank structure. This thesis considers low-rank matrix recovery (LRMR) from various structured-random measurement ensembles. These results are then employed for the in depth investigation of the classical blind-deconvolution problem from a new perspective, and for the development of a framework for the efficient sampling of correlated signals (the signals lying in a subspace). In the first part, we study the blind deconvolution; separation of two unknown signals by observing their convolution. We recast the deconvolution of discrete signals w and x as a rank-1 matrix wx* recovery problem from a structured random measurement ensemble. The convex relaxation of the problem leads to a tractable semidefinite program. We show, using some of the mathematical tools developed recently for LRMR, that if we assume the signals convolved with one another live in known subspaces, then this semidefinite relaxation is provably effective. In the second part, we design various efficient sampling architectures for signals acquired using large arrays. The sampling architectures exploit the correlation in the signals to acquire them at a sub-Nyquist rate. The sampling devices are designed using analog components with clear implementation potential. For each of the sampling scheme, we show that the signal reconstruction can be framed as an LRMR problem from a structured-random measurement ensemble. The signals can be reconstructed using the familiar nuclear-norm minimization. The sampling theorems derived for each of the sampling architecture show that the LRMR framework produces the Shannon-Nyquist performance for the sub-Nyquist acquisition of correlated signals. In the final part, we study low-rank matrix factorizations using randomized linear algebra. This specific method allows us to use a least-squares program for the reconstruction of the unknown low-rank matrix from the samples of its row and column space. Based on the principles of this method, we then design sampling architectures that not only acquire correlated signals efficiently but also require a simple least-squares program for the signal reconstruction. A theoretical analysis of all of the LRMR problems above is presented in this thesis, which provides the sufficient measurements required for the successful reconstruction of the unknown low-rank matrix, and the upper bound on the recovery error in both noiseless and noisy cases. For each of the LRMR problem, we also provide a discussion of a computationally feasible algorithm, which includes a least-squares-based algorithm, and some of the fastest algorithms for solving nuclear-norm minimization.

Two versions of SNOW, which are word-oriented stream ciphers proposed by P. Ekdahl and T. Johansson in 2000 and 2002, are studied together with cryptanalytic attacks on the first version. The reported attacks on SNOW1.0 are the &ldquo / guess-and-determine attack&rdquo / s by Hawkes and Rose and the &ldquo / distinguishing attack&rdquo / by Coppersmith, Halevi and Jutla in 2002. A review of the distinguishing attack on SNOW1.0 is given using the approach made by the designers of SNOW in 2002 on another cipher, SOBER-t32. However, since the calculation methods for the complexities of the attack are different, the values found with the method of the designers of SNOW are higher than the ones found by Coppersmith, Halevi and Jutla. The correlations in the finite state machine that make the distinguishing attack possible and how these correlations are affected by the operations in the finite state machine are investigated. Since the substitution boxes (S-boxes) play an important role in destroying the correlation and linearity caused by Linear Feedback Shift Register, the s-boxes of the two versions of SNOW are examined for the criteria of Linear Approximation Table (LAT), Difference Distribution Table (DDT) and Auto-correlation Table distributions. The randomness tests are performed using NIST statistical test suite for both of the ciphers. The results of the tests are presented.

Composition no 1 de Marc Saporta, Marelle de Julio Cortázar, Le Château des destins croisés d'Italo Calvino et Le Maître du Haut Château de Philip K. Dick. Écrits entre 1962 et 1973, ces quatre romans ont pour point commun l'usage qu'il font de la tradition divinatoire. Dans les trois premiers, la forme romanesque se délite en adoptant la forme des tarots. Quant au dernier roman cité, il fonde son écriture sur des consultations du Yi King, l'oracle de la tradition chinoise. Tant sur le plan politique que littéraire, le moment des années 1960 coïncidence avec une remise en cause radicale de l'autorité. Précédant la mort de l'auteur prophétisée par Barthes, des artistes s'emparent du hasard afin d'affranchir la création de tout arbitraire auctorial. Cette thèse envisage la manière dont les quatre romanciers du corpus exploitent les théories jungiennes (synchronicité, archétypes, etc.) afin de reconsidérer les rôles de l'auteur et du lecteur. En déconstruisant les formes de la linéarité romanesque, ces romans proposent une littérature expérimentale faisant fi des structures usuelles du genre. Entre poétique ludique et mysticisme, l'usage du hasard divinatoire transforme les œuvres en complexes hypertextuels. Mettant au cœur de leur poétique le sujet interprétant, ces romans donnent l'occasion d'interroger les modalités cognitives de l'interaction littéraire ; ce faisant, ils permettent d'appréhender de façon privilégiée les relations transmédiatiques entre littérature et écriture numérique. / Marc Saporta's Composition no 1, Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch, Italo Calvino's Castle of Crossed Destinies, and Philip K. Dick's Man in the High Castle. Written between 1962 and 1973, these four novels have as common denominator their use of oracular traditions. In the first three literary works, the novel form is broken by becoming one with tarot cards. In the last novel mentioned, the Chinese oracle – the I Ching – is the source of the writing process. In both political and literary fields, the 1960's consist in a radical questioning of authority. Prior to Barthes' prophecy of the Death of the Author, artists make use of chance and randomness in order to liberate creation from the arbitrary power of the author. This thesis studies the way the four aforementioned writers try to reconsider the dynamics between reader and writer by using the Jungian theories (synchronicity, archetypes, etc.). By deconstructing the linearity of the novel form, the four books are representative of an experimental literature which shows disregard to genre conventions. Between ludic poetic and mysticism, the novels are made hypertextual by oracular randomness. Focusing on the interpreting reader, the novels investigate the modalities of literary interaction ; this way, they are key materials in understanding the transmedia relations between literature and digital literacy.

Em nossa prática docente no ensino da Estatística para os cursos de engenharia temos constatado a dificuldade dos alunos no entendimento dos conceitos envolvidos nos métodos estatísticos, tendo como conseqüência a falta de motivação para a sua aprendizagem e, em geral, um elevado índice de reprovação. Passamos, então, a refletir sobre as causas dessa dificuldade e os meios de eliminá-las. Verificamos que o caráter problemático do ensino da Estatística decorre de uma equivocada visão da realidade, conseqüência da pouca familiaridade dos alunos com os fenômenos aleatórios que, embora estejam presentes em seu cotidiano, devido ao caráter excessivamente determinista dos currículos escolares, em geral, não são estudados no ensino fundamental e médio. Os objetivos do presente trabalho consistem em: (1) explicitar uma concepção da realidade em que o equilíbrio determinístico/aleatório seja restaurado; (2) repensar o ensino da Probabilidade e da Estatística nos diversos níveis tendo em vista tal equilíbrio e, a partir dele; (3) propor uma nova organização da disciplina Estatística nos cursos de graduação em Engenharia. Fomos buscar no pensamento filosófico e na evolução das idéias da ciência física a concepção predominante sobre os aspectos determinísticos e aleatórios dos fenômenos naturais, e constatamos que esses aspectos convivem e interagem continuamente e que a aleatoriedade é uma característica intrínseca da natureza. Apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre o conceito de Probabilidade e o conhecimento estatístico, destacando sua importância para se alcançar uma adequada compreensão da realidade e do mundo que nos cerca. Uma formação deficiente no conhecimento probabilístico e estatístico pode conduzir o aluno a uma visão distorcida da realidade. Entendendo que o livro didático utilizado pelo professor é um indicador importante de sua concepção sobre a Estatística e, conseqüentemente, de sua forma de ação docente, fizemos um estudo dos principais livros didáticos utilizados pelos professores de Estatística nos cursos de Engenharia. Constatamos que, salvo algumas poucas exceções, esses livros são baseados em uma concepção predominantemente determinística da realidade. Nessa concepção, priorizam-se o aspecto matemático e a aplicação das técnicas, em relação à construção dos significados dos conceitos necessários ao entendimento da realidade. A verificação desse desequilíbrio entre os aspectos determinísticos e aleatórios no ensino da Estatística nos cursos de Engenharia nos conduziu à proposta de uma nova prática docente, com a qual imaginamos que o desejado equilíbrio seja restaurado. Em sintonia com o fato de que a aleatoriedade é uma característica importante da realidade, propõe-se uma organização do processo de ensino aprendizagem partindo-se de exemplos contextualizados nas áreas de interesse dos alunos, valorizando-se o trabalho em grupos com a utilização de programas estatísticos para computador e permitindo-se a participação ativa do aluno na construção do conhecimento. Para viabilizar a implantação dessa nova prática são necessárias algumas ações relacionadas com a inclusão do estudo dos fenômenos aleatórios na educação básica e com a formação de professores. Acreditamos que com a nova prática docente proposta se conseguirá uma maior compreensão da realidade, promovendo-se o equilíbrio entre as técnicas e os significados dos conceitos, restaurando-se o equilíbrio entre os aspectos determinísticos e aleatórios da realidade, e aumentando no aluno a motivação pela aprendizagem da Estatística. / In our daily teaching experience in Statistics in Engineering curricula we notice the student\'s difficulties to understand the concepts related to the statistics methods that give rise to lack of motivation in learning, and consequently to high rates of failure. We reflected on the causes of these difficulties and on means to surpass them. We observed that the problematic aspect of teaching Statistics is due to a wrong vision of reality, as a consequence of the low familiarity of the students with random phenomena, although their presence in the every day lives of the students, are not studied in colleges and schools because of the excessive deterministic character of the various curricula. The objectives of this work are: (1) to give an explicit conception of reality in which the deterministic/random equilibrium is restored; (2) to reconsider the teaching of Probability and Statistics in all levels keeping in mind that equilibrium, and, after that; (3) suggest a new organization of the discipline Statistics in undergraduate Engineering curriculum. We looked into the philosophical thinking and into the evolution of ideas in the physical sciences about the dominant conception of deterministic and random aspects of the natural phenomena; we then became aware that these aspects interact and continually live side by side and that the randomness is a intrinsic characteristic of nature. We present some reflections about the concept of Probability and the Statistics knowledge, highlighting its importance to achieve an adequate comprehension of reality and the world which surrounds us. A deficient training in probabilistic and statistic knowledge can guide the student to a distorted comprehension of reality. As we think that the textbook adopted in a course indicates how the instructor has his/her own conception about Statistics, and consequently how he/she teaches the subject, we established that, with few exceptions, the textbooks are based on a deterministic conception of reality; they pay more attention to the mathematics and application of techniques than to the building of the necessary concepts to understand it. The observation of this unbalance between deterministic and random aspects in the teaching of the subject in engineering made us propose a new teaching practice to recover it. Being aware that randomness is an important characteristic of reality, we propose an organization in the teaching-learning process starting from examples taken from the student\'s areas of interest, placing a high value on jobs taken in groups with the help of statistics computer software which enables an active participation of the student in the building of knowledge. For doing so it is necessary to take some actions related to the inclusion of the study of random phenomena in basic education and in the training of instructors. We believe that, with this new approach, a better understanding of reality will be achieved, with the equilibrium between techniques and the comprehension of concepts, as well as the equilibrium between deterministic and random aspects of reality, increasing the student motivation to learn Statistics.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T11:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielcassiomoreiramonteiro.pdf: 800852 bytes, checksum: cab1f8d4f9904a3deaeabdee71812bfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-28T15:46:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielcassiomoreiramonteiro.pdf: 800852 bytes, checksum: cab1f8d4f9904a3deaeabdee71812bfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T15:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielcassiomoreiramonteiro.pdf: 800852 bytes, checksum: cab1f8d4f9904a3deaeabdee71812bfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A concepção de crença religiosa em Clement Rosset está ligada à sua filosofia trágica. A filosofia trágica é caracterizada pela “lógica do pior” e por afirmar o “acaso”. Os pensadores trágicos não têm preocupação em estabelecer um pensamento global, a preocupação deles é afirmar o pior. Esta forma de filosofar busca desqualificar todo pensamento filosófico totalizante, mas não é ilógica, sua lógica do pior é considerar-se como possível. Clement Rosset considera fracassadas todas as tentativas de estabelecer um sentido na natureza e de identificar princípios universais que a regem, porque a matéria está condicionada ao acaso. A ideia de natureza constitui uma ideologia similar à religião, pois tenta superar a crença religiosa afirmando a ideia de natureza. O filósofo francês ressalta que a crença em uma ação sobrenatural só existe por antes existir a crença em uma ação natural. A concepção de crença religiosa no pensamento de Clement Rosset tem como ponto central a afirmação de que a crença é dotada de um “seguro total”. Este “seguro total” pertence a toda crença religiosa e está fundado no fato de não existir um objeto de crença, pois ele é nada. A adesão é o que marca a crença religiosa, pois o modo de adesão, neste caso, é mais forte do que os objetos que ela une. / The conception of religious belief in Clement Rosset’s thought is linked to his own theory of Tragic Philosophy which is characterized by the “logic of the worst” and the “randomness”. The Tragic Thinkers do not try stablish a general thought, their preoccupation is to affirm the worst. This form of philosophize intends to disqualify all the totalizing Philosophical thought. But it is not illogical, because the logic of the worst considers itself as possible. Clement Rosset considers failed any attempts of establishing a purpose in the nature and identifying universal principles that rule it, because the matter is conditioned by the randomness. The idea of “nature” constitutes an ideology similar to Religion, because it tries to overcome the religious belief affirming the idea of nature. The French Philosopher highlights that the belief in a supernatural action just exists because of the belief on the existence of a natural action. His conception of religious belief has as a main point the affirmation that the belief is gifted with “full insurance”. This “full insurance” pertains to any religious beliefs and it is founded in the fact that there is no belief’s object, because the last is nothingness. The adherence marks the religious belief, because the manner in this case is stronger than the objects that it connects.

Knowledge of the variability of production among the experimental plots within the protected environment, both in space and along the different crops, it is necessary, since it allows reducing the error by increasing the reliability of the results with the experimental techniques and adoption of appropriate cultural management practices . Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial and temporal independence of fruit production between plots of vegetable crops grown in the greenhouse. We used data from the production of blank experiments conducted in greenhouse crops with zucchini, peppers, green beans and lettuce, the Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Maria. With the values of individual production were simulated different sizes of plots as the number of plants in the crop row. To check the randomness of the data distribution, we applied the test sequences between plots within the row and grouped in individual crops, and crops of the same piece of individual and grouped. The randomness production between plots is favored when they are formed by a greater number of plants. The realization of a low number of samples is enough to make production of the plots over the course of random samples taken. Clusters larger than two crops and plots formed by more than two plants is the most effective combination for reducing the nonrandomness of the production of zucchini crops. The use of 10 plants per plot in experiments with chili is enough that there are lines that lack of randomness in the production of fresh fruit. In experiments conducted with bean pods in a plastic greenhouse using plots with more than four basic units makes random production of fresh fruit within the lines. As for experiments without protection or high-tunnel plots should be more than three basic units. Plots with more plants favor of independence in the production of fresh biomass in experiments with lettuce in a protected environment. / O conhecimento da variabilidade da produção entre as parcelas experimentais dentro do ambiente protegido, tanto no espaço como ao longo das diferentes colheitas, se faz necessário, pois possibilita a redução do erro aumentando a confiabilidade nos resultados com a adoção de técnicas experimentais e manejos culturais apropriados. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a independência espacial e temporal das produções de frutos entre parcelas de culturas olerícolas cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Foram utilizados dados de produção de experimentos em branco realizados em cultivo protegido com as culturas de abobrinha italiana, pimentão, feijão-vagem e alface, no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Com os valores da produção individual foram simuladas diferentes tamanhos de parcelas conforme o número de plantas na linha de cultivo. Para verificar a aleatoriedade da distribuição dos dados, foi aplicado o teste de sequências entre parcelas dentro da linha em colheitas individuais e agrupadas, e da mesma parcela entre colheitas individuais e agrupadas. A aleatoriedade da produção entre parcelas é favorecida quando estas são formadas por um maior número de plantas. A realização de um baixo número de colheitas é suficiente para tornar a produção das parcelas aleatória com o decorrer das colheitas realizadas. Agrupamentos maiores que duas colheitas e parcelas formadas por mais que duas plantas é a combinação mais eficiente para redução da não aleatoriedade da produção em cultivos de abobrinha italiana. O uso de 10 plantas por parcela em experimentos com pimentão é suficiente para que não haja linhas com falta de aleatoriedade da produção de fitomassa fresca de frutos. Em experimentos com feijão-vagem conduzidos em estufa plástica o uso de parcelas com mais de quatro unidades básicas torna aleatória a produção de fitomassa fresca de frutos dentro das linhas. Já para experimentos sem proteção ou em túnel alto as parcelas devem ser de mais de três unidades básicas. Parcelas com mais plantas favorecem a independência na produção de fitomassa fresca em experimentos com alface em ambiente protegido.