Five coastal sites have been studies on the Isle of Skye to investigate Late Devensian and Holocene relative sea level changes. In the field, detailed stratigraphical work, geomorphological mapping and levelling were undertaken and representatives cores were sampled. Detailed pollen and diatom analyses were undertaken in the laboratory and samples were submitted for radiocarbon assay where distinct pollen, diatom or lithostratigraphical changes were recorded. Loss on ignition analysis was also undertaken to ascertain the carbon content of the samples. The investigations have revealed that during the Late Devensian marine transgressions were experienced at two sites in southern Skye. These are thought to relate to readvances of the ice that arrested the isostatic recovery of the land, caused renewed isostatic depression and upon deglaciation, allowed marine waters to penetrate the sites. At Inver Aulavaig the transgression is thought to relate to the Wester Ross Readvance recorded in Wester Ross, Coll and Tiree and at Point of Sleat the transgression is thought to relate the Loch Lomond Readvance recorded extensively in Scotland. Relative sea level at Point of Sleat (southern Skye) then fell below an altitude of 4.13mOD at 10460+-50BP and remained low during the early Holocene until the Main Postglacial Transgression occurred. This transgression is recorded at three of the sites: at Inver Aulavaig (southern Skye) at 8850+-70BP where it had attained an altitude of at least 5.10mOD, at Peinchorran (eastern Skye) where it is thought to have been underway by 7980+-BP and attained an altitude of 4.49mOD and at Talisker Bay (western Skye) at 7790+-100BP where it had attained an altitude of -2.18mOD. At Ardmore Bay (northern Skye) it is thought that the Main Postglacial Transgression did not reach an altitude of 3.34mOD. It is possible that barrier formation at some of the sites accompanied the early states of the Mian Postglacial Transgression. It is thought that regression of the sea occurred between circa 6600 BP and circa 5400 BP and remained low until circa 4200 BP when a later rise in relative sea level took place at Peinchorran attaining a maximum altitude of 4.90mOD. A late Holocene transgression is also recorded at Point of Sleat at between circa 3800 BP and circa 2900 BP where it attained an altitude of greater than 4.13mOD and at Inver Aulavaig after circa 3200 BP where it attained an altitude of between 5.10-6.01mOD. It is unclear whether this episode of high relative sea level represents the diachronous nature of one late Holocene transgression or several fluctuations in relative sea level during the late Holocene. Following the late Holocene transgression, relative sea level fell until the present day. Comparison of the data obtained from Skye with the isobase maps and rheological models suggests that the isobases for the Main Lateglacial Shoreline (Firth et al., 1993) show a good fit in age and altitude but the rheological model of Lambeck (1993b) for 10500 BP requires modification. The isobases for the Main Postglacial Shoreline appear to lie circa 4m too high for the sites studied on Skye and the isobases produced for a late Holocene shoreline appear to be greatly in error (Firth et al., 1993). It is possible that the build up of ice during the Loch Lomond Stadial may have had a greater effect on crustal movements than previously thought and this may account for discrepancies identified in the isobase maps. The study of isolation basins and back-barrier environments has allowed an assessment of their potential in recording relative sea level changes. The use of isolation basins in areas devoid of estuarine sedimentation has been particualrly demonstrated. The vegetation reconstruction undertaken, suggests that variations do occur in coastal locations compared to sites further inland, although these are subtle. The dates obtained for the increase in taxa such as 'Corylus avellana' and 'Alnus' and the recording of anthropogenic indicators on the vegetation, agree with those previously obtained for Skye. The use of pollen analysis in verifying the radiocarbon dates obtained, particualrly for the Late Devensian, has been recognised and, combined with diatom analysis, has provided a comprehensive database from which to reconstruct past relative sea levels.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-23).

Depuis près d’un siècle et demi, près de quatre cent cinquante sépultures collectives ont été découvertes dans le Bassin parisien. L’information archéologique à disposition y est largement lacunaire. La connaissance des groupes chrono-culturels de la fin du Néolithique a tout de même été enrichie grâce au mobilier funéraire. Il a permis de définir une phase de construction et d’utilisation commune pour une grande majorité de sépultures collectives au Néolithique récent 2 (3350-3000 av. J.-C). Une minorité d’entre elles a été utilisée au Néolithique final 1 (2900-2550 av. J.-C.), voire jusqu’au début de l’Âge du Bronze. Malgré un horizon chronologique commun, les sépultures collectives du Bassin parisien présentent une étonnante diversité architecturale. Deux grands types de monuments ont été identifiés : les allées sépulcrales et les hypogées. Ils coexistent avec un ensemble de sépulcres anciennement appelés « dolmens » ou « sépultures en fosse », deux termes qui sont aujourd’hui à bannir. Chaque type architectural se caractérise par des techniques de construction, une répartition géographique, une logique d’implantation, une durée d’utilisation et une concentration de mobilier qui lui est propre. Cette diversité est-elle renforcée par des divergences au niveau des pratiques funéraires ? Les différents types de sépultures collectives du Bassin parisien se distinguent-ils également par leurs modes de fonctionnement ? Peuvent-ils constituer des caractères culturels originaux ? / For one century and an half, around four hundred and fifty collective burials had been discovered in the Paris basin. The archeological information is widely lacunar. The knowledge of the chronological and cultural groups of the end of the Neolithic had been enhanced thanks to the burial deposit. It permitted to define a common phase of building and use of a large majority of the collective burials during the recent Neolithic (3350-3000 av. J.-C). A minority of them had been used during the final Neolithic(2900-2550 av. J.-C.), or even till the beginning of the Bronze Age.In spite of a common chronological horizon, the collective burials of the Paris basin presents a suprising architectural diversity. Two main types of monuments had been identified : the sepulchral galleries and the hypogeums. They coexist with a group of burials formerly named “dolmen” or “burial grave”, two names that we could not use any more. Each archictectural type is characterised by his own building technique, geographical distribution, implantation logic, useful life and deposit concentration. Is this diversity reinforced by some differences on burial practices ? Are the different types of collective burials of the Paris basin distinguished between as well by their functioning ? Could they constitue original characteristic cultural ?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_jpc_me_ia.pdf: 2213686 bytes, checksum: eb26aeb40885b6d66423313764243eb0 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Em 1979, Jean-Fraçois Lyotard publica A Condição Pós-Moderna: Relatório Sobre o Saber sob a encomenda do Conselho da Universidades do estado de Québec. Tal publicação influenciou grande parte do debate sobre pós-modernismo em diversas áreas da pesquisa acadêmica em Humanidades. Tendo em vista tal influência, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a observação desta influência de A Condição Pós-Moderna sobre as abordagens do pósmoderno em música realizadas posteriormente a década de 1980. Para tal tarefa, será utilizada a noção lyotardiana de pós-moderno como incredulidade nas metanarrativas de legitimação do saber. Esta influência será observada perante importantes textos relativos ao pós-moderno musical e na maneira como algumas obras da música clássica de concerto realizada na década de 1990 e 2000 se relacionam com tal incredulidade. / In 1979, Jean-Fraçois Lyotard published The Postmodern Condition: Report on Knowing made to order by the Council of Universities of the Provincial Government of Québec. Such publication influenced significant part of the debate on postmodernism in different areas of the humanity academical research. In view of such influence, the present work has for objective the comment of this influence of The Postmodern Condition on the approaches of the postmodern in music carried through after the decade of 1980. For such task, the lyotardian notion of postmodern will be used as incredulity toward metanarratives of legitimation of knowing. This influence will be observed in important writings concerned to the musical postmodern and in the way as some works of the concert classical music composed in the decades of 1990 and 2000 relate with such incredulity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bonzanini_tk_me_bauru.pdf: 799225 bytes, checksum: aa54724007c78b4ded0607e52927989f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho corresponde um estudo de caso (Bogdan & Biklen,1994)em que aulas de biologia de uma turma de alunos do 2 º ano do ensino médio foram sistematicamente observadas com o intuito de verificar de que forma surgem e são trabalhadas questões relativas aos avanços recentes em biologia celular e molecular (organismos transgênicos,clonagem,experiências com células tronco,projeto genoma etc.). Atenção especial foi dada às demandas formativas que esse aspecto do ensino de biologia suscita junto aos professores,tanto em nível de aprofundamento de conhecimentos em biologia celular e molecular,quanto em nível de decisões sobre como organizar abordagem e discussão de temas polêmicos e implicações éticas subjacentes.O referencial teórico para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e análise de dados foi estruturado com base em literatura especializada sobre formação de professores (Schön &Costa,2000; Perrenoud,2000;Zaballa,A.,1998; Carvalho e Gil-Pérez,1995; entre outros). / The work corresponds to study of case (Bogdan &Biklen,1994)in which biology classes in group o students from second year in high school were systematically observed on propose to verify how the questions relating to the recent advances in molecular and cellular biology (transgenic organisms,clonating,experiments with stem- cells,genome project,etc.)appear and worked.A special attention was given formative demands that this spect of the teaching in biology rouse among the teachers,both making deeper in the knowledge in molecular and cellular biology and the decisions about how organize the approach and discussion relating to the polemic subjects and ethic implications underlying.The theoretic reference to the development of the research and data analysis was based on specialized literature about teachers graduation (Schön &Costa,2000;Perrenoud,2000;Zaballa,A.,1998;Carvalho e Gil-Pérez,1995; et al.).

Orientador: Lia Vera Tomás / Banca: Alberto Tsuyoshi Ikeda / Banca: Paulo de Tarso Salles / Resumo: Em 1979, Jean-Fraçois Lyotard publica A Condição Pós-Moderna: Relatório Sobre o Saber sob a encomenda do Conselho da Universidades do estado de Québec. Tal publicação influenciou grande parte do debate sobre pós-modernismo em diversas áreas da pesquisa acadêmica em Humanidades. Tendo em vista tal influência, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a observação desta influência de A Condição Pós-Moderna sobre as abordagens do pósmoderno em música realizadas posteriormente a década de 1980. Para tal tarefa, será utilizada a noção lyotardiana de pós-moderno como incredulidade nas metanarrativas de legitimação do saber. Esta influência será observada perante importantes textos relativos ao pós-moderno musical e na maneira como algumas obras da música clássica de concerto realizada na década de 1990 e 2000 se relacionam com tal incredulidade. / Abstract: In 1979, Jean-Fraçois Lyotard published The Postmodern Condition: Report on Knowing made to order by the Council of Universities of the Provincial Government of Québec. Such publication influenced significant part of the debate on postmodernism in different areas of the humanity academical research. In view of such influence, the present work has for objective the comment of this influence of The Postmodern Condition on the approaches of the postmodern in music carried through after the decade of 1980. For such task, the lyotardian notion of postmodern will be used as incredulity toward metanarratives of legitimation of knowing. This influence will be observed in important writings concerned to the musical postmodern and in the way as some works of the concert classical music composed in the decades of 1990 and 2000 relate with such incredulity. / Mestre

Esta dissertação tem um propósito ambicioso: procura repensar o modelo de integração econômica na América do Sul. O método escolhido para tanto foi o de analisar e extrair lições de outras experiências de integração econômica para balizar uma reflexão sobre este processo na região. Neste sentido, dividiu-se a dissertação em três capítulos, além de um breve capítulo introdutório e das considerações finais. No capítulo 2, “Considerações Gerais e Teorias sobre Integração Econômica Regional”, realiza-se apenas algumas definições conceituais e uma breve revisão das teorias sobre integração econômica regional. O intuito deste capítulo inicial é tão somente de “limpar o terreno” para a análise dos capítulos posteriores. Feito isso, no capítulo 3, “Lições das Experiências Internacionais Recentes: União Monetária Europeia, NAFTA e Cooperação Financeira no Leste Asiático”, analisa-se as principais experiências internacionais de integração, apresentando basicamente a racionalidade, a lógica básica de funcionamento e os resultados alcançados por cada uma delas, de tal forma a depreender algumas lições para a América do Sul. No capítulo 4, “Lições das Iniciativas Pretéritas de Integração na América do Sul: Uma Breve Análise do Caminho Percorrido da ALALC à UNASUL”, apresenta-se um apanhado histórico das iniciativas de integração econômica na América do Sul, seguindo essencialmente a mesma estrutura do capítulo anterior. Por fim, nas considerações finais, à luz das lições extraídas nos capítulos anteriores, são tecidos alguns comentários sobre as iniciativas integracionistas vigentes na região. / The dissertation has an ambitious intention: it aims at rethinking the model of economic integration in South America. The method chosen for such task was to analyze and extract lessons of other experiences of economic integration to define a reflection regarding this process in the region. In this direction, the dissertation was divided into three chapters, along with a brief introductory chapter and the final considerations. Chapter 2, “General Considerations and Theories on Regional Economic Integration”, presents some conceptual definitions and a brief revision of the theories on regional economic integration. The intention of this initial chapter is mainly to “clear the ground” for the analysis of the subsequent chapters. Once this is done, in chapter 3, “Lessons of the Recent International Experiences: European Monetary Union, NAFTA and Financial Cooperation in the East Asian”, the main international experiences of integration are analyzed, presenting basically the rationality, the basic logic of functioning and the results reached by each one of them, in such way to infer in the end some lessons for South America. Chapter 4, “Lessons of the Past Initiatives of Integration in South America: a Concise Analysis of the Way from ALALC to UNASUL”, presents a historical summary of the initiatives of economic integration in South America, following, essentially, the same structure of the previous chapter. Finally, in the final considerations, in light of the lessons extracted in the previous chapters, some comments are made on the effective integrationist initiatives in the region.

Cromossomos sexuais evoluíram repetidas vezes independentemente nos grandes grupos de vertebrados. Sistemas sexuais altamente diferenciados e antigos são caracterizados por grandes diferenças morfológicas e de conteúdo gênico entre os dois cromossomos homólogos onde a recombinação é restrita a uma pequena região homóloga. Os sistemas recentes característicos de peixes caracterizam-se pela similaridade entre os cromossomos X e Y (ou Z e W), nos quais as diferenças observadas freqüentemente envolvem a presença de heterocromatina, translocações e inversões. A recombinação ocorre entre o par sexual na maior parte de sua extensão, sendo inibida apenas na região diretamente relacionada com a determinação sexual. Notavelmente, sistemas diferentes de determinação podem ser encontrados em espécies, ou mesmo populações. O gênero Eigenmannia compreende grupos de espécies crípticas do ponto de vista morfológico que exibem variação no número cromossômico e podem apresentar sistemas sexuais XY ou ZW, incluindo sistemas múltiplos (com translocação Y-autossomo). Estes sistemas estão entre os mais recentes descritos (<16ma) e estão dispostos de forma desordenada em árvores de relações filogenéticas, sugerindo origens múltiplas. No presente estudo, a técnicas de pintura cromossômica usando sondas obtidas por microdissecção de cromossomos sexuais foram empregadas para testar a homologia de dois sistemas XY encontrados nos citótipos (ou espécies) E. virescens e E. sp.2. Os resultados mostram que, de fato, ambos são não homólogos. A fusão Y-autossomo provavelmente ocorreu após a separação de E. sp.2 com sua espécie irmã, E. sp.1 uma vez que um evento de fusão independente, envolvendo um dos cromossomos homólogos ao Y, foi detectado em E. sp.1. A hibridação in sit&#956; do cromossomo X de E. virescens em sua população mais próxima (também com 38 cromossomos, mas sem cromossomos sexuais heteromórficos) mostrou que o cromossomo X é homólogo a um par de acrocêntricos, condizente com o modelo proposto de diferenciação por acúmulo de heterocromatina. Essa heterocromatina foi caracterizada e mostrou um padrão complexo de seqüências CG-ricas. Dois fragmentos de DNA repetitivo GC-ricos presentes no cromossomo X foram isolados e seqüenciados. Não foram detectadas similaridades em comparações com bases de dados e entre os fragmentos obtidos. Estes mostraram-se concentrados nas regiões cromomicina-positivas de E. virescens, incluindo regiões periteloméricas de sete pares e os dois maiores blocos heterocromáticos (nos cromossomos X e par n. 8), além de um cromossomo acrocêntrico, possivelmente o Y. Curiosamente, essas seqüências foram detectadas em apenas três pares cromossômicos na população mais próxima, incluindo um par acrocêntrico de morfologia semelhante à condição ancestral do X, sugerindo que processos dinâmicos de expansão e homogenização genômica ocorreram após a separação dessas populações / Sex chromosomes have evolved independently several times in all major groups of vertebrates. Highly differentiated sex chromosomes are characterized by extensive differences in morphology and gene content, whereas recombination is restricted to a small homologous region. Recent sex chromosomes are characteristic of fish, and display a high level of homology between X and Y (or Z and W) chromosomes, recombination is restricted only in a small sex determining region. Notably, different sex chromosome systems can be found in closely related groups, such as species or even populations. The genus Eigenmannia comprises a group of morphologically cryptic species that display a variety of diploid numbers and different sex chromosome systems, including XY, ZW and a multiple XY system (with a Y-autosome fusion). These systems are among the most recent known (<16ma) and occur with a lack of phylogenetic pattern, whereas frequently populations bearing heteromorphic sex chromosomes are closest related to populations displaying no sex chromosomes. In the present study, chromosome painting using probes derived from the microdissection of two different sex chromosomes where used to investigate the homology of both systems. Results show that, in fact, they are non-homologous and evolved independently. The Y-autosome hypothesis gained further support from the observation that a chromosome homologous to the Y in a close population is involved in yet a different fusion event. The X chromosome present in the E. virescens karyotype was found to be homologous to acrocentric chromosomes in all populations analyzed, thus supporting the notion that its differentiations is mainly due to the accumulation of heterochromatin. The X heterochromatic block was shown to form a complex pattern of GC-rich sequences, different from what was previously described. Two GC-rich fragments were isolated and sequenced; both showed no similarities to known sequences and to one another. These sequences were shown to be concentrated viii on the two largest heterochromatic blocks, those of the X and n.8 chromosomes besides peri-telomeric regions of seven additional pairs and the putative Y. Curiously, these sequences were detected in only three pairs in the closest population, including an acrocentric pair morphologically similar to undifferentiated sex pair. This suggests that dynamic evolutionary processes of expansion and genomic homogenization have occurred after the separation of these populations.

Négligées ces vingt dernières années, les séries attribuées aux phases récentes de l’Aurignacien ont trop rarement bénéficié d’études modernes, tournées inexorablement vers la recherche du plus ancien Aurignacien et de ses éventuels points de contact avec les dernières sociétés néandertaliennes. De plus, les dernières synthèses et propositions de classification de l’Aurignacien sont fondées sur des données typologiques issues de séries dont l’homogénéité n’a pas toujours été critiquée. La révision taphonomique et techno-économique de séries classiques du Sud-Ouest de la France (Caminade-Est, l’abri Pataud, Roc-de-Combe, Le Flageolet I, La Ferrassie et Combemenue) nous a permis d’entrevoir et d’identifier des variations diachroniques au sein de ce techno-complexe. Sur la base notamment des productions lamellaires, sept phases ont pu être reconnues, renouvelant ainsi notre perception des premières sociétés du Paléolithique supérieur portées par l’Homme moderne. / Neglected past twenty years, the series attributed to recent phases of the Aurignacian have rarely received modern studies, touring relentlessly researching the earliest Aurignacian and its possible contact points with the last Neanderthal societies. In addition, recent proposals for classification and synthesis of the Aurignacian are based on data from typological series whose homogeneity has not always been criticized. Taphonomic and techno-economic revision of classic series from Southwestern France (Caminade-Est, l’abri Pataud, Roc-de-Combe, Le Flageolet I, La Ferrassie et Combemenue) allowed us to foresee and identify diachronic variations in this techno-complex. Based on such bladelets productions, seven phases have been recognized, renewing our perception of the first society of Upper Paleolithic made by modern humans.

The diploma thesis describes the implementation of the monetary policy by FED and its goals. Afterwards the aim of the thesis is focus on the plain definition of a crisis followed by describtion of the causes and the course of the recent crisis and the monetary policy reactions of FED regarding the recent crisis. Finally, the thesis plots the assumed impacts of the crisis with a probable prediction of the following course of the crisis in the financial sector and the real economy.