Since its beginning well over a quarter of a century ago, the Vocational Agriculture program has become an integral part of the American school system. The legislative groundwork for Vocational Agriculture, as well as all other vocational programs, was set in 1917 with the passing of the Smith-Hughes Act. Further related legislation was passed in 1929 and 1934, but the program received its greatest federal boost with the passing of the George-Deen Act in 1936 and the George-Barden Act in 1946, both of which provided for the annual expenditure of federal funds in support of vocational education. The George-Barden Law, although it includes appropriations from the former bill, provides a total of approximately $29,000,000 for the support of vocational education. This is the maximum. allowance, however, am all of it will not be expended unless an actual need exists. With the $7,200,000 appropriated under the original Smith-Hughes Law, the total authorization available now reaches approximately $36,050,000 with agriculture being allocated $13,000,000 of this amount. This includes only the federal provisions. In agriculture alone the total expenditures from federal, state, and local sources increased from $21,293,343 in 1946 to $47,490,397 in 1953. (3, p. 10)

The thesis provides a survey inquiring about recent life events in children to determine predictive behavior for first grade. It is based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

No description available.

[pt] A reflexão eclesiológica contemporânea tem destacado o tema da reforma eclesial. O Concílio Vaticano II, Paulo VI, João Paulo II e Bento XVI explicitaram sua necessidade e Francisco tem buscado estabelecer processos eclesiais segundo o imperativo eclesiológico conciliar da reforma perene (Unitatis Redintegratio 6). Ademais, se o Espírito é co-instituinte da Igreja, há elementos pneumatológicos implicados na noção de reforma. Em que medida o Concílio e o magistério recente vinculam o Espírito Santo e a reforma da Igreja? Assim, o objetivo da presente tese é o de analisar os elementos histórico-teológicos pertinentes à noção de reforma por meio da identificação e investigação dos enunciados pneumatológicos do magistério recente para a consideração da reforma eclesial como evento pneumatológico. A pesquisa é qualitativa quanto à abordagem, exploratória quanto aos objetivos e de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos. Conclui-se que a noção de reforma é eminentemente teológica, radicada no contínuo retorno às fontes, na consecução de tal retorno no hoje eclesial e na prospecção de uma Igreja escatologicamente reformada enquanto peregrina. Os lugares da reforma são o sujeito eclesial (conversão pessoal), a comunidade eclesial (renovação das mentalidades) e a ação evangelizadora (reforma pastoral). Sob a ótica dos enunciados pneumatológicos do magistério recente compreende-se que a reforma é um evento pneumatológico sob quatro dimensões: o Espírito reforma a Igreja na comunhão, na verdade, na caridade e na missão. É assim que pela força do Evangelho [o Espírito] rejuvenesce a Igreja e renova-a continuamente e leva-a à união perfeita com o seu Esposo (Lumen Gentium 4). / [en] The ecclesiological reflection contemporary has highlighted the theme of ecclesial reform. The Second Vatican Council, Paul VI, John Paul II and Benedict XVI explained their need and Francis has sought to establish ecclesial processes according to the conciliar ecclesiological imperative of the continual reformation (Unitatis Redintegratio 6). Furthermore, if the Spirit is co-instituting of the Church, there are pneumatological elements involved in the notion of reform. To what extent did the Council and the recent magisterium link the Holy Spirit and the reform of the Church? Thus, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the historical-theological elements relevant to the notion of reform through the identification and investigation of pneumatological statements of recent magisterium for the consideration of ecclesial reform as a pneumatological event. The research is qualitative in terms of approach, exploratory in terms of objectives, and bibliographical and documentary research in terms of procedures. It is concluded that the notion of reform is eminently theological, rooted in the continuous return to sources, in the achievement of such a return in the ecclesial today and in the prospect of an eschatologically reformed Church as a pilgrim. The places of reform are the ecclesial subject (personal conversion), the ecclesial community (renewal of mentalities) and the evangelizing action (pastoral reform). From the perspective of the pneumatological statements of the recent magisterium, it is understood that the reform is a pneumatological event in four dimensions: the Spirit reforms the Church in communion, in truth, in charity and in mission. This is how by the power of the Gospel [the Spirit] makes the Church keep the freshness of youth. Uninterruptedly He renews it and leads it to perfect union with its Spouse (Lumen Gentium 4).

The purposes of this study were to identify the teaching concerns expressed in their early years of teaching by the graduates of the Early Childhood Education program in a church related teacher education institution, and to determine the relationship between teaching concerns and the variables of years of teaching experience and grade level taught.

No description available.

Cromossomos sexuais evoluíram repetidas vezes independentemente nos grandes grupos de vertebrados. Sistemas sexuais altamente diferenciados e antigos são caracterizados por grandes diferenças morfológicas e de conteúdo gênico entre os dois cromossomos homólogos onde a recombinação é restrita a uma pequena região homóloga. Os sistemas recentes característicos de peixes caracterizam-se pela similaridade entre os cromossomos X e Y (ou Z e W), nos quais as diferenças observadas freqüentemente envolvem a presença de heterocromatina, translocações e inversões. A recombinação ocorre entre o par sexual na maior parte de sua extensão, sendo inibida apenas na região diretamente relacionada com a determinação sexual. Notavelmente, sistemas diferentes de determinação podem ser encontrados em espécies, ou mesmo populações. O gênero Eigenmannia compreende grupos de espécies crípticas do ponto de vista morfológico que exibem variação no número cromossômico e podem apresentar sistemas sexuais XY ou ZW, incluindo sistemas múltiplos (com translocação Y-autossomo). Estes sistemas estão entre os mais recentes descritos (<16ma) e estão dispostos de forma desordenada em árvores de relações filogenéticas, sugerindo origens múltiplas. No presente estudo, a técnicas de pintura cromossômica usando sondas obtidas por microdissecção de cromossomos sexuais foram empregadas para testar a homologia de dois sistemas XY encontrados nos citótipos (ou espécies) E. virescens e E. sp.2. Os resultados mostram que, de fato, ambos são não homólogos. A fusão Y-autossomo provavelmente ocorreu após a separação de E. sp.2 com sua espécie irmã, E. sp.1 uma vez que um evento de fusão independente, envolvendo um dos cromossomos homólogos ao Y, foi detectado em E. sp.1. A hibridação in sit&#956; do cromossomo X de E. virescens em sua população mais próxima (também com 38 cromossomos, mas sem cromossomos sexuais heteromórficos) mostrou que o cromossomo X é homólogo a um par de acrocêntricos, condizente com o modelo proposto de diferenciação por acúmulo de heterocromatina. Essa heterocromatina foi caracterizada e mostrou um padrão complexo de seqüências CG-ricas. Dois fragmentos de DNA repetitivo GC-ricos presentes no cromossomo X foram isolados e seqüenciados. Não foram detectadas similaridades em comparações com bases de dados e entre os fragmentos obtidos. Estes mostraram-se concentrados nas regiões cromomicina-positivas de E. virescens, incluindo regiões periteloméricas de sete pares e os dois maiores blocos heterocromáticos (nos cromossomos X e par n. 8), além de um cromossomo acrocêntrico, possivelmente o Y. Curiosamente, essas seqüências foram detectadas em apenas três pares cromossômicos na população mais próxima, incluindo um par acrocêntrico de morfologia semelhante à condição ancestral do X, sugerindo que processos dinâmicos de expansão e homogenização genômica ocorreram após a separação dessas populações / Sex chromosomes have evolved independently several times in all major groups of vertebrates. Highly differentiated sex chromosomes are characterized by extensive differences in morphology and gene content, whereas recombination is restricted to a small homologous region. Recent sex chromosomes are characteristic of fish, and display a high level of homology between X and Y (or Z and W) chromosomes, recombination is restricted only in a small sex determining region. Notably, different sex chromosome systems can be found in closely related groups, such as species or even populations. The genus Eigenmannia comprises a group of morphologically cryptic species that display a variety of diploid numbers and different sex chromosome systems, including XY, ZW and a multiple XY system (with a Y-autosome fusion). These systems are among the most recent known (<16ma) and occur with a lack of phylogenetic pattern, whereas frequently populations bearing heteromorphic sex chromosomes are closest related to populations displaying no sex chromosomes. In the present study, chromosome painting using probes derived from the microdissection of two different sex chromosomes where used to investigate the homology of both systems. Results show that, in fact, they are non-homologous and evolved independently. The Y-autosome hypothesis gained further support from the observation that a chromosome homologous to the Y in a close population is involved in yet a different fusion event. The X chromosome present in the E. virescens karyotype was found to be homologous to acrocentric chromosomes in all populations analyzed, thus supporting the notion that its differentiations is mainly due to the accumulation of heterochromatin. The X heterochromatic block was shown to form a complex pattern of GC-rich sequences, different from what was previously described. Two GC-rich fragments were isolated and sequenced; both showed no similarities to known sequences and to one another. These sequences were shown to be concentrated viii on the two largest heterochromatic blocks, those of the X and n.8 chromosomes besides peri-telomeric regions of seven additional pairs and the putative Y. Curiously, these sequences were detected in only three pairs in the closest population, including an acrocentric pair morphologically similar to undifferentiated sex pair. This suggests that dynamic evolutionary processes of expansion and genomic homogenization have occurred after the separation of these populations.

This period was marked by severe financial and political economic crisis which is, for its results, considered as one of the most unpleasant in our history. Regarding its devastating consequences, it is very often compared to Great Depression, which afflicted people in 1930. Even if there is one decade dynamic development between these two crises, it is possible to observe several similar parallels. The main target of my work is to answer the question, whether these parallels are really similar, through the use of analysis of individual crisis and also through their comparison to economics of USA and other selected European countries (UK, France, Germany). The first subject of our interest will be the analysis of pre-crisis period, which is basically the principle of the whole work. Afterwards I will examine the process of individual crisis itself, together with reactions from the government. This overall comparison should give us information, whether there are the same processes that characterised the development in interwar time nowadays, or whether this resemblance is fully accidental.

Esta dissertação tem um propósito ambicioso: procura repensar o modelo de integração econômica na América do Sul. O método escolhido para tanto foi o de analisar e extrair lições de outras experiências de integração econômica para balizar uma reflexão sobre este processo na região. Neste sentido, dividiu-se a dissertação em três capítulos, além de um breve capítulo introdutório e das considerações finais. No capítulo 2, “Considerações Gerais e Teorias sobre Integração Econômica Regional”, realiza-se apenas algumas definições conceituais e uma breve revisão das teorias sobre integração econômica regional. O intuito deste capítulo inicial é tão somente de “limpar o terreno” para a análise dos capítulos posteriores. Feito isso, no capítulo 3, “Lições das Experiências Internacionais Recentes: União Monetária Europeia, NAFTA e Cooperação Financeira no Leste Asiático”, analisa-se as principais experiências internacionais de integração, apresentando basicamente a racionalidade, a lógica básica de funcionamento e os resultados alcançados por cada uma delas, de tal forma a depreender algumas lições para a América do Sul. No capítulo 4, “Lições das Iniciativas Pretéritas de Integração na América do Sul: Uma Breve Análise do Caminho Percorrido da ALALC à UNASUL”, apresenta-se um apanhado histórico das iniciativas de integração econômica na América do Sul, seguindo essencialmente a mesma estrutura do capítulo anterior. Por fim, nas considerações finais, à luz das lições extraídas nos capítulos anteriores, são tecidos alguns comentários sobre as iniciativas integracionistas vigentes na região. / The dissertation has an ambitious intention: it aims at rethinking the model of economic integration in South America. The method chosen for such task was to analyze and extract lessons of other experiences of economic integration to define a reflection regarding this process in the region. In this direction, the dissertation was divided into three chapters, along with a brief introductory chapter and the final considerations. Chapter 2, “General Considerations and Theories on Regional Economic Integration”, presents some conceptual definitions and a brief revision of the theories on regional economic integration. The intention of this initial chapter is mainly to “clear the ground” for the analysis of the subsequent chapters. Once this is done, in chapter 3, “Lessons of the Recent International Experiences: European Monetary Union, NAFTA and Financial Cooperation in the East Asian”, the main international experiences of integration are analyzed, presenting basically the rationality, the basic logic of functioning and the results reached by each one of them, in such way to infer in the end some lessons for South America. Chapter 4, “Lessons of the Past Initiatives of Integration in South America: a Concise Analysis of the Way from ALALC to UNASUL”, presents a historical summary of the initiatives of economic integration in South America, following, essentially, the same structure of the previous chapter. Finally, in the final considerations, in light of the lessons extracted in the previous chapters, some comments are made on the effective integrationist initiatives in the region.

This thesis argues that a literary change occurred after the fall of the dictatorships of the Southern Cone, characterized by the emergence of markets that provoked a "mini-boom" in sales and, at the same time, a change of aesthetics which abandoned the allegorical models of the post-boom in favor of a realistic literature in dialogue with popular culture. This is the sign of postmodernity and globalization in Latin America, reflected in its literature, particularly in the short story writing of the Southern Cone, which has utilized the parody and pastiche of the postmodern era without the trivialization that occurred in other parts of the world. With the goal of establishing a periodization that is different from that which has always prevailed in Latin American literature, the thesis proposes the term "post-vanguardist realism" to designate the literature of the 1990s and the twenty-first century in the Southern Cone. As is the case in all periods of rupture and new beginnings, polemics and disputes appeared between literary bands. The disputes protagonized by Alberto Fuguet and Jaime Collyer in Chile, experimentalists and "planetarians" in Argentina, and Escanlar and the generation of '45 in Uruguay, reflect this new commercial and aesthetic reality. Despite the emergence of a literature more in tune with popular culture and pastiche, the continental anthologies that unite these authors demonstrate how their projects began to fade away, and showcase the appearance of new voices, who take the lead after 2000 and break with this type of literature, in favor of a less schematic narrative with more intertextual dialogue, without, however, returning to magical realism. Despite local differences in short story writing and the literary traditions of each country, these new voices are united by a common aesthetic, the use of literary genres and themes from the shared history of the Southern Cone, and by the traumatic experiences of dictatorship and globalization.