Die Untersuchung betrachtet das Verhältnis der Schriften 4., 5. und 6. Esra zueinander. Während die Apokalypse 4. Esra als Referenztext für neutestamentliche Schriften Gegenstand zahlreicher Untersuchungen ist, wurden 5. und 6. Esra bisher lediglich als christliche Hinzufügungen abgetan und nicht in einer bedeutungsvollen Beziehung zu 4. Esra verstanden. Auf Grund der syrischen Tradition, die 4. Esra als geschlossene Schrift überliefert, wird oftmals übersehen, dass in den lateinischen Traditionen 4. Esra ausschließlich im Zusammenhang zu 5. und 6. Esra bezeugt ist. Die Arbeit greift methodische Ansätze aus der alttestamentlichen und Apokryphenforschung auf, um das Verhältnis der drei Schriften zueinander zu beschreiben. Handelt es sich um eine willkürliche Zusammenordnung der Schriften oder lassen sich Ordnungsprinzipen und durchgängige Konzepte erkennen, die eine Lesart als zusammenhängende und aufeinander bezogene Gesamtschrift 2. Esdras nahe legen? Die Arbeit geht dabei auf verschiedenen Ebenen vor: Zunächst werden die mittelalterlichen Manuskripte, die die früheste vollständige Bezeugung der Schriften darstellen, analysiert und ausgewertet. Wesentlich ist hierbei, dass die Schriften zwar immer im Zusammenhang zueinander überliefert wurden, jedoch in sehr unterschiedlichen Anordnungen in den jeweiligen Manuskripten enthalten sind. Auf synchroner Ebene werden zentrale Konzepte der einzelnen Schriften exegetisch herausgearbeitet und zueinander in Bezug gesetzt. Schließlich werden narratologisch und daramaturgisch die Erzählbögen der Einzelschriften analysiert und ausgewertet, ob und wie ein Gesamthandlungsbogen von 2. Esdras erkennbar ist. Gerade an der literarischen Figur des Esra zeigt sich, wie die unterschiedlichen Anordnungen jeweils andere Aspekte der Figur in den Vordergrund rücken. Die literarische Gestalt des Esra selbst wird zur Projektionsfläche für die Intentionen der späteren Tradentenkreise. Daher stellt die jeweilige Anordnung der Schriften einen bewussten und sinnhaften Ausdruck der theologischen Konzeptionen der Tradentenkreise dar. / The study is focused on the relation of 4th, 5th and 6th Ezra. While the Apocalypse 4th Ezra as a reference text for New Testament writings is the subject of numerous studies, 5th and 6th Ezra are normally dismissed as Christian additions and are not understood in a meaningful relationship to 4th Ezra. Due to the fact that the Syriac tradition testifies 4th Ezra as an independent writing, it is often ignored, that the Latin tradition exclusively features 4th Ezra in the context of 5th and 6th Ezra. The study employs methodological approaches from the 361 Old Testament and Apocryphal research to investigate the relation between the three writings. Should it be regarded as a random compilation of writings or are there indications for a structural order or underlying concepts and motifs, which suggest an interrelated reading as a composed writing of 2nd Esdras? The study engages the subject with different approaches of research: first of all the medieval manuscripts representing the oldest complete sources for the writing of 2nd Esdras are evaluated. It is to be considered, that while all three writings are featured, the order of arrangement of the writings varies in the different traditions. In a synchronic exegetical analysis of the texts main themes and concepts are retraced and put in perspective to each other. Finally in a narratologic and dramatic point of view the plots and the arc of suspense of each writing is examined and considered in perspective of an underlying plot and understanding of 2nd Esdras as one story line. Especially in regard to the literary character of Ezra the different arrangements of the text emphasize different theological aspects of the character. The figure of Ezra itself becomes a projection space for the intentions of the later recipients. Therefore each arrangement of the writings can be regarded as a deliberate and meaningful expression of the theological concept of the recipients.

This thesis investigates how various text-talks, i.e. text-focused classroom discussions, may scaffold students’ reading of specialised texts in upper secondary school. The study consists of qualitative case studies based on classroom observations of two teachers’ History instruction, focusing on parts defined as text-talks. An intervention study was conducted where one teacher worked with two text-talk approaches. The research questions regard how students move in relation to the text in the text-talks and how text content is incorporated, what scaffolding structures emerge, and whether and how the text-talks differ. A secondary aim is to generate theories concerning the potentials and limitations of text-talk as a reading scaffold. Analyses were done in terms of text movability to show reading positions, intertextual cohesion to show relations between source text and text-talk, and scaffolding which includes peer scaffolding, teacher scaffolding and the text-talks as a scaffold per se. A methodological contribution is the development of a model for content-based analyses of authentic text-talks. The results show that in text-talks that work as a scaffold, students take the expected positions toward the text, and the talks are clearly related to the source text, by means of lexical and conjunctive cohesion that is often varied and built-out. For more demanding texts, the students show dynamic text movability and move between exploring contents, subject field and context. Other characteristics are either peer scaffolding showing dialogicity and negotiation of meaning, or teacher scaffolding enabling students to progress and develop tools for text reception. The intervention approaches seem to scaffold reading to a greater extent than text-talks within ordinary instruction where the framing is weak. In conclusion, the results suggest that both student- and teacher-led text-talks may scaffold reading, but they need to be well planned and prepared with a structured framing.

This thesis examines the reception of Pindar in Hellenistic poetry. More specifically it examines texts of three major Hellenistic poets: Theocritus of Syracuse, Callimachus of Cyrene and Posidippus of Pella. The texts discussed have been selected on the basis of two principles: (i) genre and (ii) subject matter. They include texts that inscribe themselves in the tradition of encomiastic, and more specifically, Pindaric poetry either through the generic discourse which they partake in or through the employment of myths that Pindar had used in his own odes. Throughout the thesis it is argued that the connections with Pindaric passages are carried out on the basis of ‘allusions’ which are picked up by the readers. This term is employed to describe one of the ways in which intertextuality functions. Following the model of Conte and Barchiesi, the discussion insists on the distinction between allusions to specific Pindaric passages and allusions to epinician generic motifs that can best be illustrated through Pindaric passages. The aim of the discussion for each case of textual correspondence suggested is to describe the means whereby this connection is suggested to the reader and to propose a ‘meaning’ for it. In this sense, equal emphasis is given to the detailed examination of all texts that partake in the intertextual connection suggested, i.e. to Pindaric and Hellenistic alike.

Seneca’s contribution to the development of Western European theatre and conceptions of theatricality has been underestimated in comparison to that of Greek tragedy. This thesis argues for the continuous importance of Senecan drama in theatrical theory and practice from the sixteenth century until the present day. It examines significant instances of Seneca in performance, and shows how these draw on particular aspects of Seneca’s style and dramaturgical technique to coalesce into a sub-genre of tragedy termed here ‘hypertragedy’ or the ‘senecan aesthetic’. The underlying premise of this representational mode is that verbal (vocal) performance is a physical act and induces physical responses. This entails the consequential inference that Senecan theatre is not mimetic – that is, based on an isomorphic identification of character with performer – but rather affective; like oratory, it functions through direct, quasi-musical manipulation of the auditor’s senses. The goal of this theatrical form is to articulate extreme states of mind or experiences which cannot be conveyed via conventional mimetic means: pain, frenzy, dissolution of the self. In tracing the theories of tragedy which comprise a narrative contrapuntal to the reception of Seneca onstage, it is possible to identify the factors which have successively constructed, promoted, suppressed, reviled and finally reinstated the senecan aesthetic as philhellenism’s other.

La présente thèse se veut une relecture du fumisme en tant que concept et mouvement historique daté (années 1860-1880) et situé (la France), ou moment qui représente une économie de sens qui a bouleversé les habitudes perceptuelles et intellectuelles de la réception depuis la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle. Selon la lecture habituelle du fumisme, les productions des poètes et artistes fumistes, qualifiées de « fumisteries », ne forment qu’un chapitre, ou une catégorie négligeable, de l’histoire littéraire. Cette histoire confond le fumisme en tant que mouvement littéraire éphémère avec les épisodes décadent et symboliste pour le réduire à un concours de mystifications de bourgeois par des bohèmes en marge par rapport à l’institution littéraire organisées par le comédien Sapeck et l’écrivain Alphonse Allais, tous deux nommés ironiquement chefs de « l’École fumiste » vers 1880. Or, en offusquant la conception positiviste du langage qu’elle lui applique afin de le réduire à une simple provocation sans but, et en assimilant Rimbaud aux « fumisteries » des « décadents », la critique littéraire nous donne l’outil principal de démystification du fumisme en tant que pratique ou mode de production d’une économie de sens. C’est cette économie qui constitue notre principal point d’intérêt. Contemporain des épisodes décadent et symboliste, le moment fumiste oblige la réception à reconfigurer la façon de produire du sens. Les productions fumistes (essentiellement des poèmes et des caricatures, comme dans l’Album zutique, notre corpus principal) sont fondées sur une économie du rébus. Exemplifiée par le sonnet de Rimbaud intitulé « Voyelles », cette économie, qui crée des « documents », des textes inséparables de leur matière, introduit l’économie artistique du vingtième siècle – en particulier, au mode de perception cinématographique tel que fabriqué par le fumiste Émile Cohl. / This thesis focuses on a particular period in literary history that goes under the name of fumism. This “fumist” moment, which occurred during the years 1860-1880 in Paris, introduces a new economy of meaning that, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, leads to a transformation in reader’s changing perceptual and intellectual habits. In the perspective of institutionalized literary history, critics conceive fumist productions as “fumisteries” (which might be rendered as “nonsense”) and lump this ephemeral movement or literary school (“l’École fumiste”) together with decadent and symbolist literary movements, reducing it to so-called mystification contests organized by the comedian named Sapeck and the writer Alphonse Allais, both designated as leaders of “l’École fumiste” around 1880. Yet, rather than viewing fumist productions as aimless provocations and assimilating Rimbaud’s work as an example of this “fumisterie” and decadence, this thesis examines the underlying presuppositions of language that are operative in the novel understanding of literature it entails. In this perspective, “fumism,” as a theory of discourse and literary practice, signals the emergence of a new vision of language and literary production. Against this background, this thesis presents a detailed historical reading of fumism in the context of literary debates in late nineteenth-century France. At the same time, this study shows how the reception of fumist works leads to a transformed economy of meaning and, above all, to a reconfiguration of literary understanding. As this study details, fumist productions (essentially poems and caricatures that can be viewed in the Album zutique, the main corpus) are based on rebuses. Remarkably exemplified by Rimbaud’s controversial sonnet “Voyelles”, this new meaning economy creates what are termed “documents”, which place the materiality of the text on a par with its potential meanings. In interpreting this transformation, the thesis concludes by demonstrating how this new understanding of meaning lays the groundwork for the artistic economy of the twentieth century – in particular, with regard to the dynamic mode of perception introduced by the father of the animated film, the fumist Emile Cohl.

Proust est un lecteur régulier et exigeant de Baudelaire, auquel il consacre des pages critiques qui ont compté dans la réception du poète au cours du XXe siècle. Toutefois, les liens qui unissent les deux auteurs sont loin de se réduire à cette dimension métatextuelle et permettent d’interroger plus avant la notion même d’intertextualité. La principale difficulté dans l’identification de la présence de Baudelaire tient à son côté diffus qui s’inscrit dans les linéaments de l’écriture. Loin d’être explicites, les renvois à l’œuvre du poète se font au mieux sur le mode de l’allusion, sinon au gré d’un filtrage intertextuel et culturel qui gomme presque totalement les traces de ce souvenir. Nous proposons de revenir à une définition de l’intertextualité entendue dans un sens large, associant l’étude du texte à l’histoire et à l’anthropologie culturelles, soulignant ainsi que l’écriture est autant mémoire qu’oubli, et, partant, que la mémoire du lecteur n’est pas moins ambivalente. Atteindre le Baudelaire de Proust suppose ainsi de comprendre quelle idée le romancier se faisait du poète, mais aussi par quelles médiations l’œuvre de Baudelaire, passée au filtre des sensations de Proust, de son histoire, de son époque s’est imprimée dans la Recherche. En d’autres termes, il convient tout à la fois d’établir la sociologie d’une lecture et celle d’un lecteur.Apparaissent ainsi deux Baudelaire : l’un est explicite et rapidement usée par la conversation et l’autre innerve la Recherche. On voit qu’un Baudelaire chasse l’autre, et que les réseaux intertextuels ne peuvent être que souterrains. L’œuvre de Baudelaire chez Proust est ainsi lue au prisme de la mémoire et de l’oubli. / A voracious and meticulous reader of Baudelaire, Proust’s non-fiction writing pays substantial attention to the poet, in criticism which would influence the reception of Baudelaire’s work throughout the twentieth century.However, the imbrication of these two writers extends far beyond the issue of metatextuality. Rather, by highlighting the pervasive presence of Baudelaire in Proust’s oeuvre, the object of scrutiny becomes the very notion of intertextuality itself. The challenge of identifying Baudelairean references in the Recherche arises from their diffusion. Seldom explicit, Proust’s allusions to the poet’s work are subtle, if not near camouflaged by the cultural and intertextual filters. This thesis argues for a return to intertextual analysis in the broadest sense of the term, namely a study that devotes attention to the text’s historical and cultural-anthropological facets. In so doing, the thesis underlines how the act of writing involves memory as much as forgetfulness, and that the reader’s memory is as ambivalent as the author’s. But also, and more importantly, my thesis undertakes to demonstrate the ways in which Baudelaire’s poetry is transformed through the Proustian prism: that is, the narrative and mood of the Recherche, being written in a particular period, with a particular aesthetic sensibility. The social conditions of a reading, and the social determinism of a reader, are placed here in parallel. There are thus two Baudelaire in the Recherche. One is referenced explicitly in banal exchanges; the other is referenced implicitly a Baudelaire diffuse who vitalises the Recherche. And so, each Baudelaire chases the other, creating intertextual networks.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma investigação sociológica do cinema de Amácio Mazzaropi (1912-1981). Para realizá-la, foram estabelecidos alguns passos. Primeiramente, procurei reconstituir a trajetória social e a formação artística de Mazzaropi, figura de origens sociais desprivilegiadas, migrante, com passagens por teatro popular, rádio, televisão e cinema. Em um momento decisivo de implantação da indústria cultural no Brasil, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1980, com a importação de tecnologias, profissionais e linguagens dos centros estrangeiros, ele apresentou as credenciais necessárias para constituir-se em figura de destaque na estruturação da indústria cultural nacional. Em seguida, por meio de um exercício de reconstituição das condições do campo cinematográfico brasileiro de 1950 a 1980, procurei encontrar os fundamentos da formação dos juízos críticos relativos à filmografia de Mazzaropi. Seu cinema popular-massivo, composto por uma hibridação de elementos da cultura popular regional e da cultura de massa, não teria aceitação entre os agrupamentos críticos estabelecidos de seu tempo (independentes, esteticistas, cinemanovistas, marginais, entre outros), interessados em projetos políticos e estéticos distintos para o país, que vivia os intensos anos do nacional-desenvolvimentismo. Na sequência, proponho uma análise de diferentes momentos da filmografia de Mazzaropi, interessado em identificar as escolhas estéticas (formais, narrativas, conteudísticas) que estariam na base de um estilo particular de se fazer cinema. Para além do estigma da redundância que envolve os filmes do cineasta, acredito ser possível encontrar variações significativas ao longo do tempo em sua obra, possivelmente relacionadas às mudanças históricas vivenciadas por ele e as frações de público que lhe eram leais naquele momento. E por fim, procurei fornecer uma contribuição ao entendimento do notório sucesso de público do cineasta durante todos seus anos de atividade. Lotando anualmente as salas de cinema, ele fazia com que os críticos replicassem na mesma toada os questionamentos em relação às motivações de seus espectadores. Por meio de depoimentos colhidos de idosos que assistiram a seus filmes naqueles anos, esbocei algumas interpretações possíveis, tendo em vista a compreensão da relação particular que o cineasta teria estabelecido com seu devotado público. / This dissertation consists in a sociological investigation of Amácio Mazzaropis (1912-1981) cinema. To carry it out, some steps were stablished. First, I managed to reconstitute Mazzaropis social trajectory and artistic formation, character of undeprivileged social origins, migrant, with experiences in popular theatre, radio, television and cinema. In a decisive moment of the implantation of the cultural industry in Brazil, between the 1940s and the 1980s, with the importation of technologies, professionals and languages of foreign centres, he presented the credencials needed to stand out during the structuration of the national cultural industry. Secondly, through an exercise of reconstitution of the conditions of the brazilian cinematographic field between 1950 and 1980, I sought to analyse the fundaments of the formation of the critical reception of Mazzaropis filmography. His popular-massive cinema, consisting of a hybridisition between elements of the regional popular culture and of the mass culture, wouldnt be accepted between the established critical groupings of his time (independentes, esteticistas, cinemanovistas, marginais, among others), interested in distinct political and aesthetical projects for the country, that experienced the intense years of the national-developmentism. Next, I suggest an analysis of different moments of Mazzaropis filmography, interested in identifying the aesthetical choices (form, narrative, content) that would be the basis of a particular style of making movies. Besides the stigma of redundancy attached to the filmmakers movies, I believe it is possible to find meaningful variations throughout the years in his work, possibly related to the historical changes experienced by him and the audiences fractions that were loyal to him at that time. Finally, I tried to offer a contribution to the understanding of the filmmakers major public success throughout all his years of activity. Filling anually the movie theaters, he made the critics repeat at the same pace the interrogations regarding the motivations of his spectators. Through testimonies gathered from aged people that have watched his movies in those years, I sketched some possible interpretations bearing in mind the comprehension of the particular relationship that the filmmaker has established with his loyal audience.

Ce travail de recherche vise à mettre en lumière la poétique de la réception de l’œuvre de Gombrowicz en France. Il apparait que tout comme la notion du tapis chez James, évoqué par Casanova, il n’y a pas qu’un motif qui ressort d’une œuvre mais un ensemble cohérent, mettant en lumière l’existence souterraine d’une poétique de la réception. L’approche est pluridisciplinaire. La première partie portant sur la traduction, composante majeure de la réception d’une œuvre étrangère s’est avérée très féconde. Nous avons tenté d’y entrevoir le rythme comme l’organisation de l’historicité du texte. La deuxième partie éclaire la notion de la poïétique : les conditions dans lesquelles l’œuvre a été fabriquée. D’abord la Pologne, l’enfance, ces éléments qui grandiront jusqu’au statut des thèmes majeurs accompagnant l’auteur pendant toute sa création sous forme de biographèmes, ou de figures. Dans la troisième partie nous avons tenté d’analyser soigneusement des contenus bibliographiques reconstitués à partir de métadiscours hétérogènes (documents audiovisuels, entretiens, biographies, films) lesquels confrontés au métadiscours auctorial ont fait émerger des points de jonction entre les trajectoires personnelles de l’auteur et de son œuvre et l’impact qu’il a eu sur ses récepteurs en France. Enfin, en dernière partie, nous avons mis en exergue l’impact de la production littéraire de Gombrowicz sur les intellectuels en France. Tous ces éléments s’imbriquent et forment un tableau aussi cohérent que bariolé, avec son propre rythme bien spécifique rendant compte de ce rapport entre production, consommation et communication à l’intérieur de la praxis historique globale dont parlait Jauss. / This research work aims to highlight the poetics of the reception of Gombrowicz's work in France. It appears that just as the notion of the carpet in James, evoked by Casanova, there is not only one figure that emerges from a work but a coherent whole, highlighting the underground existence of a poetics of the reception. The approach is multidisciplinary. The first part dealing with translation, a major component of the reception of a foreign work, proved to be very fruitful. We have tried to glimpse the rhythm as the organization of the historicity of the text. What does the original text do and what does its version, or rather versions, do? The second part illuminates the notion of poietic: the conditions in which the work was made. First, Poland, childhood, these elements that will grow up to the status of major themes accompanying the author throughout its creation in the form of biographs, or figures. In the third part, we have tried to carefully analyze bibliographic contents reconstructed from heterogeneous metadiscours (audiovisual documents containing interviews, biographies, films) which confronted with the author's metadiscourse have brought out junctions between the author's personal trajectories and his work and the impact he had on his receivers in France. Finally, in the last part, we highlighted the impact of Gombrowicz's literary production on intellectuals in France. All these elements intertwine and form a picture as coherent as it is colorful, with its own specific rhythm accounting for the relationship between production, consumption and communication within the global historical praxis of which Jauss spoke.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma investigação sociológica do cinema de Amácio Mazzaropi (1912-1981). Para realizá-la, foram estabelecidos alguns passos. Primeiramente, procurei reconstituir a trajetória social e a formação artística de Mazzaropi, figura de origens sociais desprivilegiadas, migrante, com passagens por teatro popular, rádio, televisão e cinema. Em um momento decisivo de implantação da indústria cultural no Brasil, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1980, com a importação de tecnologias, profissionais e linguagens dos centros estrangeiros, ele apresentou as credenciais necessárias para constituir-se em figura de destaque na estruturação da indústria cultural nacional. Em seguida, por meio de um exercício de reconstituição das condições do campo cinematográfico brasileiro de 1950 a 1980, procurei encontrar os fundamentos da formação dos juízos críticos relativos à filmografia de Mazzaropi. Seu cinema popular-massivo, composto por uma hibridação de elementos da cultura popular regional e da cultura de massa, não teria aceitação entre os agrupamentos críticos estabelecidos de seu tempo (independentes, esteticistas, cinemanovistas, marginais, entre outros), interessados em projetos políticos e estéticos distintos para o país, que vivia os intensos anos do nacional-desenvolvimentismo. Na sequência, proponho uma análise de diferentes momentos da filmografia de Mazzaropi, interessado em identificar as escolhas estéticas (formais, narrativas, conteudísticas) que estariam na base de um estilo particular de se fazer cinema. Para além do estigma da redundância que envolve os filmes do cineasta, acredito ser possível encontrar variações significativas ao longo do tempo em sua obra, possivelmente relacionadas às mudanças históricas vivenciadas por ele e as frações de público que lhe eram leais naquele momento. E por fim, procurei fornecer uma contribuição ao entendimento do notório sucesso de público do cineasta durante todos seus anos de atividade. Lotando anualmente as salas de cinema, ele fazia com que os críticos replicassem na mesma toada os questionamentos em relação às motivações de seus espectadores. Por meio de depoimentos colhidos de idosos que assistiram a seus filmes naqueles anos, esbocei algumas interpretações possíveis, tendo em vista a compreensão da relação particular que o cineasta teria estabelecido com seu devotado público. / This dissertation consists in a sociological investigation of Amácio Mazzaropis (1912-1981) cinema. To carry it out, some steps were stablished. First, I managed to reconstitute Mazzaropis social trajectory and artistic formation, character of undeprivileged social origins, migrant, with experiences in popular theatre, radio, television and cinema. In a decisive moment of the implantation of the cultural industry in Brazil, between the 1940s and the 1980s, with the importation of technologies, professionals and languages of foreign centres, he presented the credencials needed to stand out during the structuration of the national cultural industry. Secondly, through an exercise of reconstitution of the conditions of the brazilian cinematographic field between 1950 and 1980, I sought to analyse the fundaments of the formation of the critical reception of Mazzaropis filmography. His popular-massive cinema, consisting of a hybridisition between elements of the regional popular culture and of the mass culture, wouldnt be accepted between the established critical groupings of his time (independentes, esteticistas, cinemanovistas, marginais, among others), interested in distinct political and aesthetical projects for the country, that experienced the intense years of the national-developmentism. Next, I suggest an analysis of different moments of Mazzaropis filmography, interested in identifying the aesthetical choices (form, narrative, content) that would be the basis of a particular style of making movies. Besides the stigma of redundancy attached to the filmmakers movies, I believe it is possible to find meaningful variations throughout the years in his work, possibly related to the historical changes experienced by him and the audiences fractions that were loyal to him at that time. Finally, I tried to offer a contribution to the understanding of the filmmakers major public success throughout all his years of activity. Filling anually the movie theaters, he made the critics repeat at the same pace the interrogations regarding the motivations of his spectators. Through testimonies gathered from aged people that have watched his movies in those years, I sketched some possible interpretations bearing in mind the comprehension of the particular relationship that the filmmaker has established with his loyal audience.

Les nouvelles de Fitz-James O’Brien ont été réévaluées dès les années 1970 et jusqu’au début du XXIe siècle à la lumière de son origine irlandaise. L’enjeu de cette thèse est d’analyser les processus de re-nationalisation à l’œuvre dans l’interprétation de ses nouvelles : de déplacements sémantiques en projections langagières, le critique risque d’être hanté par l’histoire de l’Irlande. Il est nécessaire pour ce faire de retracer le parcours littéraire et journalistique de O’Brien, depuis ses débuts en tant que contributeur anonyme du courrier des lecteurs du journal nationaliste irlandais The Nation, jusqu’à la fondation du journal satirique américain Vanity Fair et sa mort d’une blessure qu’il a reçue au cours d’un combat de la guerre de Sécession. Il conviendra notamment d’analyser, tout le long de son parcours, le rôle de la bohème littéraire dans la construction d’un idéal artistique sans frontières et le rôle de la presse comme outil de diffusion de cet idéal et, paradoxalement, de construction d’un champ littéraire spécifiquement américain. Nous examinerons ensuite la réception de ses nouvelles et leurs adaptations. Enfin, il s’agira d’étudier les mécanismes interprétatifs qui mettent spécifiquement l’Irlande et l’« irlandicité » au cœur de la lecture des textes, ainsi que de mettre en lumière les effets rhétoriques qui permettent une telle lecture, tant dans les textes critiques que dans les nouvelles elles-mêmes. A cause de la nature éminemment référentielle de l’écriture d’O’Brien, le sens symbolique, parfois satirique, voire allégorique de ses nouvelles se dérobe au lecteur d’aujourd’hui qui se trouve contraint d’effectuer une laborieuse quête herméneutique. / Between the 1970’s and the early years of the 21st century, Fitz-James O’Brien’s short stories have been analysed with reference to his Irish birth. This dissertation aims to examine the mechanisms of re-nationalisation at work in the interpretation of his stories: by means of semantic displacements and linguistic projections, the critic runs the risk of being haunted by Irish history. It is thus necessary to reconstruct O’Brien’s literary and journalistic career, from his early anonymous contributions to the “correspondence” column of the Irish nationalist newspaper The Nation, to the creation of the American satirical magazine Vanity Fair, and his death from a wound he recieved in a skirmish during the American Civil War. This dissertation will analyse particularly the part that literary Bohemia played in creating an artistic ideal of “borderlessness,” and the part that the press played in circulating this idea, all the while partaking in the construction of a specifically American literary field. I will then examine the reception of O’Brien’s stories and how they were adapted throughout decades in various media. Finally, I will study interpretative mechanisms which place Ireland and Irishness at the centre of text-reading and I will highlight the rhetorical effects allowing such a reading, both in the critical texts and in O’Brien’s stories themselves. Because of the highly referential nature of his magazine writing, the symbolical, sometimes satirical or even allegorical meaning of his stories eludes today’s reader, who has no choice but to embark on a laborious hermeneutic quest.