This study investigates the involvement of teacher unions in the implementation of the Employment of Educators Act (Act 76 of 1998) at school level. Union involvement at school level is still characterized by controversy when it comes to the filling of promotional posts and the redeployment of educators. The inappropriate involvement of unions by ignoring their observer status, may lead to the infringement of educators’ rights if it goes unchecked by the DoE. This may consequently result in poor performance by educators who may feel discriminated against during the redeployment and the filling of promotional posts. Teacher unions have the responsibility to ensure that educators are not victimized. If unions abdicate this responsibility and attend to only key union members when promotional posts are filled, they will cease to be effective unions. Unions who protect non-dedicated and unqualified educators from redeployment will lose the respect of the teaching fraternity, and eventually their membership numbers will dwindle. This was a qualitative and exploratory study based on the grounded theoretical approach. It was conducted in Districts 11 and 12 of the Gauteng Department of Education using focus groups and one-on-one interviews with the various stakeholders from the Department of Education, and leaders of the South African Democratic Teachers’ Union, and the National Association of Professional Teachers’ Organizations in South Africa. The findings indicate that during the filling of promotional posts, the unions tend to use undue influence to have their members promoted, to the detriment of deserving and better qualified educators. During the redeployment process they protect their members against principals who declared them in excess. It was reported that principals make use of the redeployment processes to get rid of educators who are often absent from school because of union work during school hours. If the Department of Education does not seriously take control of the situation in respect of the filling of promotional posts and the redeployment of educators, then the teacher unions will take over. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Educational Management)

This research project examines the experiences of school principals when implementing the staff-reduction process of the rationalisation policy stipulated by the National Department of Education in 1994. The implementation of this policy has its origins in the Transformation policy of the National government after the first democratic election in South Africa in 1994. The aim of the rationalisation policy is to bring about equity and affirmative action in the staff provision in schools. Achieving this is a collective agreement between the National Education Department and the teachers’ unions where the decision was made that the teacher:learner ratio would be 1:35 in secondary schools and 1:40 in primary schools. The aim of this research is to determine what principals experience during the staff-reduction process(es) and what impact it would have on the principal as the manager of the institution. The researcher also intends to examine the influence that staff reduction has on the working conditions of the principal as well as how this process affects the teaching and learning culture in a school. Ultimately the researcher intends to make recommendations to assist principals that are affected by staff reduction. The research concentrates on a selected group of principals, regardless of race, gender or religion (including principals from secondary, middle and primary schools) who are currently busy with their Masters Degree in Education Leadership and Management at the University of Pretoria. A qualitative research methodology is used to exemplify the perceptions and experiences of principals. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter One provides an overview and orientation of the study. The focus is the problem statement and the exposition of the aims of the research. Chapter Two concentrates on the literature study that is supported by the collection of empirical data with specific reference to the rationalisation process and the resulting staff reduction process in some schools. Chapter Three discusses the research design and data collection instruments. The focus is on the individual interviews (face to face) done with principals of schools where they air their views regarding the rationalisation process, staff reduction and the impact that the abovementioned has on the teaching and learning process in schools. Transcriptions are made of the audio recordings of the interviews and field notes have also been included as background information for the interviews. In Chapter Four the analysis of the collective interviewed data is done and the empirical data is discussed. Chapter Five is a summary of the research. In this chapter the important findings are discussed and suitable recommendations are made. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Leadership))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Presented document deals with optimization in conveyer rollers production in accordance with rationalizing project for Transroll – CZ, s.r.o. company. With consideration of available literature from section of technological projection and technology of machining, the industrial process is analyzed with focus on material flow and layout solution of factory shop. Consecutively the options of possible machines allocation are designed, which eliminate some disadvantages of default position. Selection of suitable option, its evaluation and technical-economic evaluation of whole project are also parts in this document.

MEDEM / Department of Curriculum Studies and Education Management

Bakgrund: Covid-19-pandemin har påverkat Sverige och världen i stor omfattning. Sjuksköterskor och andra vårdare har fått ställa om sina liv för prioriteringarna i hälso- och sjukvårdssystemen. Intensivvård är komplext och kräver specialistkompetens. Sjuksköterskan har vårdandet som en del av professionen, vårdandet som handling tillskrivs dock inte endast en yrkeskategori. En kärnkompetens i vårdprofessioner är ”säker vård”, dock är alla medarbetare på vårdenheten ansvariga för att vården är patientsäker. Omplacering av vårdaretill pandemivården har skapat erfarenheter som endast finns beskrivna i enstaka studier och är aktuella att undersöka. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av tillfällig omplacering tillintensivvårdsavdelning under covid-19-pandemin. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats och har genomförts som en semistrukturerad intervjustudie. Intervjuerna har sedan transkriberats ordagrant och datamaterialet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Ur analysen framkom ett övergripande tema, två underteman samt fyra huvudkategorier. Temat innefattade erfarenheterna som ”vårdande i motgång och utveckling”. Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter sorterades till erfarenheter som hämmade respektive främjade vårdandet, studiens underteman. Resultatet pekade på att vårdandet inte har haft tillräckligt bra förutsättningar, men att omplaceringen dock varit utvecklande i sjuksköterskornasvårdande. Slutsats: Omplaceringen har hämmat och främjat vårdandet. Sjuksköterskorna utvecklades i sin profession som vårdare men omplaceringen innebar även flertalet motgångar som hämmade vårdandet. För att främja vårdandet behöver organisationen och sjuksköterskan ett gott samarbete. Sjuksköterskan behöver stöttning från organisationen med ett vårdande ledarskap för att främja goda förutsättningar för vårdandet. / Background: The covid-19 pandemic has affected Sweden as well as the world as a whole to a great extent. Nurses and other caring professionals have been forced to adapt their lives in order to meet the new priorities in the healthcare systems. Intensive care is complex and demands specialist qualifications. Caring is a part of the nurses´ profession, but the act of caring is not limited to one profession. A core competence in caring professions is ”safe care”, while all coworkers in the unit has a responsibility to act for patient safety. The redeploymentof caring professionals into pandemic care has created experiences which have only been described in a few recent studies. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate nurses´ experiences of temporary redeployment to an intensive care unit during the covid-19 pandemic. Method: The study had a qualitative approach and has been conducted through semi-structured interviews. The interviews have been verbatim transcribed into text and the text has been analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results: Through the analysis one theme, two sub-themes and four main categories emerged. The main theme contained experiences as ”caring in adversity and development”. Nurses´ experiences were sorted into experiences that restricted respectively enabled caring. The result pointed out that caring lacked the right prerequisites, though the redeployment has also developed the caring of the nurses. Conclusion: The redeployment has restricted and enabled caring. The nurses have developed in their profession as caring professionals, but the redeployment also resulted in several adversities that restricted caring. To enable caring, the organization and the nurse need to have a good cooperation. The nurse needs support from the organization through a caritative leadership to enable good prerequisites for caring.

In 1997 a policy of rationalization and educator redeployment was adopted in South Africa to ensure funding equity among the provinces. This research investigates policy implementation with particular reference to the Limpopo Province. A literature review provided an overview of the policy including the determination of excess educators and the establishment of bodies to facilitate redeployment. Problems of implementation and the role of the school principal in this process are discussed. An empirical investigation using a qualitative approach explored the experiences of key stakeholders affected by educator redeployment: a government official, principals, educators who were transferred and educators awaiting redeployment. Participants were selected by judgement sampling and data gathered interviews. Findings illustrated the key role of the Department of Education, the educators' unions and principals; the effect on teachers' motivation; educator stress and the impact on receiving and sending schools. Based on the findings recommendations for practice are made. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Thesis (MEd )--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This qualitative study explores the effect that staff deployment has on the morale and professional attitudes of educators who have been identified as being in excess at their schools. The study was done by doing interviews with teachers who have been affected by rightsizing and redeployment and principals who have had to manage the process. The Department of Education goes through an annual process of determining the school‘s staff establishment for the next academic year. This determination is based on the number of learners enrolled at the institution. The CEMIS statistics are used to determine the number of learners enrolled at the school and the schools‘ staff establishment for the next academic year. If a school‘s learner numbers have increased since the last survey, the school will gain some teaching posts. Conversely, if the learner numbers have dropped a number of educators at the institution, as determined by the education department, have to be identified and declared in excess. Change associated with staff redeployment can have a negative impact on the morale and motivation of teachers. A school‘s functioning and ability to supply quality education can also be compromised as a result thereof. This is especially true when schools do not have the financial resources to employ additional teachers out of school funds. The problem is researched by exploring the ‗lived experiences‘ of selected teachers at primary schools in two of the education districts that fall under the WCED. Educators who were selected to participate in the study were individuals who had been declared in excess and who were redeployed or who were awaiting redeployment. Teachers were given the opportunity to relate their individual experiences. Their accounts of the process reflect how these experiences affect behaviour, professional attitude and general health. My discussion of their perceptions pays particular attention to their perceptions of how their general health and well-being were affected. Two principals (who managed the process at their respective schools) also shed some light on their experiences of the effects of downsizing. It seems that whilst there are cases where the process of rightsizing and redeployment is handled with the necessary care and circumspection, this is not always the case. Too often rightsizing and redeployment are handled in a clinical way, which creates the impression that the principals are biased and unsympathetic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie ondersoek die effek wat personeel ontplooing op onderwysers het wie oortollig verklaar word by hul skole. Dit beoog ook om vas te stel tot watter mate die persoon se professionele gedrag en moraal geaffekteer word hierdeur. Tydens die studie was data ingesamel deur onderhoude te voer met onderwysers wie oortollig verklaar is, en prinsipale wat hierdie proses moes bestuur. Jaarliks gaan die Departement van Onderwys deur 'n proses waar skole se onderwysvoorsiening vir die volgende jaar bepaal word deur die aantal leerders wat by die skool ingeskryf is. Die stelsel wat deur die WKOD gebruik word om leerder inskrywings by skole te bepaal, word die Sentrale Opvoedingsbestuur en Inligting Stelsel genoem. Fundameteel tot die proses is die feit dat indien 'n skool se leerdertal vermeerder het sederd die vorige opname, sal die skool addisionele onderwysers win. Indien die inskrywingstotaal egter gedaal het, word die aantal onderwysers wat aan die skool voorsien word verminder. Verandering wat deur die onderwyser herontplooiing teweegbring word kan 'n negatiewe uitwerking op die moraal en motivering van onderwysers het. Die funksionering van skole en hul vermoeë om gehalteonderrig te voorsien kan ook negatief beïnvloed word daardeur. Dit is veral skole wat dit nie kan bekostig om addisionele onderwysers aan te stel en uit skoolfonds te besoldig nie, wat die swaarste getref word hierdeur. Die probleem word nagefors deur te kyk na 'n paar onderwysers in primêre skole in twee opvoedingsdistrikte wat onder die WKOD werksaam is. Onderwysers wat deel vorm van die studie is persone wat oortollig verklaar is en verplaas is, of wie nog wag op verplasing. Hierdie studie het onderwysers se ervaringe van die herontplooingsproses bestudeer. Onderwysers was die geleentheid gegee om hul ervaringe met die naforser te deel en sodoende lig te werp op hoe die proses hul gedrag, professionele houding en algemene gesondheid geraak het. Die naforsing het getoon dat terwyl daar gevalle is waar die proses van regstellende aksie en herontplooing met die nodige sorg en omsigtigheid hanteer word, is dit nie altyd die norm nie. Hierdie proses word ten tye op 'n kliniese wyse hanteer en dit skep die indruk dat die prinsipaal onsimpatiek is en nie neutraal staan in die proses nie.

In 1997 a policy of rationalization and educator redeployment was adopted in South Africa to ensure funding equity among the provinces. This research investigates policy implementation with particular reference to the Limpopo Province. A literature review provided an overview of the policy including the determination of excess educators and the establishment of bodies to facilitate redeployment. Problems of implementation and the role of the school principal in this process are discussed. An empirical investigation using a qualitative approach explored the experiences of key stakeholders affected by educator redeployment: a government official, principals, educators who were transferred and educators awaiting redeployment. Participants were selected by judgement sampling and data gathered interviews. Findings illustrated the key role of the Department of Education, the educators' unions and principals; the effect on teachers' motivation; educator stress and the impact on receiving and sending schools. Based on the findings recommendations for practice are made. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

O presente estudo tem como objeto de análise a readaptação funcional de servidores públicos enquanto uma expressão das condições objetivas de trabalho em um hospital universitário no Brasil e seus possíveis impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores; sendo ainda, momento potencial para análise das possibilidades de reconstrução do trabalho público. Os objetivos da investigação consistem em: identificar através do processo de readaptação funcional se o crescente adoecimento do servidor público seria uma expressão dos impactos do ajuste neoliberal no desmantelamento do Estado, via instituições públicas, precariedade das condições de trabalho e de suas formas de gestão; refletir sobre a intervenção interprofissional voltada para a reinserção do trabalhador ao processo produtivo em função da readaptação funcional e avaliar em que dimensões e processos as tendências de gestão pública, no campo analisado, interferem na saúde dos trabalhadores da área estudada e como poderiam contribuir para a mudança dos seus condicionantes. A metodologia de investigação baseou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e entrevistas individuais com técnicos da equipe interdisciplinar, gestores e representante sindical e entrevistas em grupo com auxiliares de enfermagem readaptados. O estudo confirmou a relevância da reconstrução do trabalho no serviço público por meio de uma gestão democrática com controle social, garantindo a participação da comunidade em todo o processo, para a definição de uma política institucional, norteada pelos pressupostos da saúde do trabalhador. / The present study has as its object of analysis "job retraining" of public servants as an expression of the objective conditions of work in a university hospital in Brazil and their potential impacts on the health of workers, and yet, when the potential for analysis of the possibilities of reconstruction the public work. The objectives of the research are to: identify through the process of "job retraining" the increasing illness of the public servant would be an expression of the impacts of neoliberal adjustment in dismantling the state by public institutions, precarious working conditions and their ways of management; reflect on interprofessional intervention aimed at the reintegration of the worker in the production process due to the "job retraining" and evaluate which dimensions and processes of public management trends in the field examined, interfere with the health of workers in the study area and how they could contribute to change their conditions. The research methodology was based on literature and documents and interviews with technicians of the interdisciplinary team, managers and union representative and group interviews with nursing assistants "repurposed". The study confirmed the importance of the reconstruction work in the public service through a social democratic management control, ensuring community participation in the whole process, the definition of an institutional policy, guided by the assumptions of worker health.

O presente estudo tem como objeto de análise a readaptação funcional de servidores públicos enquanto uma expressão das condições objetivas de trabalho em um hospital universitário no Brasil e seus possíveis impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores; sendo ainda, momento potencial para análise das possibilidades de reconstrução do trabalho público. Os objetivos da investigação consistem em: identificar através do processo de readaptação funcional se o crescente adoecimento do servidor público seria uma expressão dos impactos do ajuste neoliberal no desmantelamento do Estado, via instituições públicas, precariedade das condições de trabalho e de suas formas de gestão; refletir sobre a intervenção interprofissional voltada para a reinserção do trabalhador ao processo produtivo em função da readaptação funcional e avaliar em que dimensões e processos as tendências de gestão pública, no campo analisado, interferem na saúde dos trabalhadores da área estudada e como poderiam contribuir para a mudança dos seus condicionantes. A metodologia de investigação baseou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e entrevistas individuais com técnicos da equipe interdisciplinar, gestores e representante sindical e entrevistas em grupo com auxiliares de enfermagem readaptados. O estudo confirmou a relevância da reconstrução do trabalho no serviço público por meio de uma gestão democrática com controle social, garantindo a participação da comunidade em todo o processo, para a definição de uma política institucional, norteada pelos pressupostos da saúde do trabalhador. / The present study has as its object of analysis "job retraining" of public servants as an expression of the objective conditions of work in a university hospital in Brazil and their potential impacts on the health of workers, and yet, when the potential for analysis of the possibilities of reconstruction the public work. The objectives of the research are to: identify through the process of "job retraining" the increasing illness of the public servant would be an expression of the impacts of neoliberal adjustment in dismantling the state by public institutions, precarious working conditions and their ways of management; reflect on interprofessional intervention aimed at the reintegration of the worker in the production process due to the "job retraining" and evaluate which dimensions and processes of public management trends in the field examined, interfere with the health of workers in the study area and how they could contribute to change their conditions. The research methodology was based on literature and documents and interviews with technicians of the interdisciplinary team, managers and union representative and group interviews with nursing assistants "repurposed". The study confirmed the importance of the reconstruction work in the public service through a social democratic management control, ensuring community participation in the whole process, the definition of an institutional policy, guided by the assumptions of worker health.