Die Dissertation untersucht auf der Basis der Inhaltsanalyse von 429 deutschsprachigen Konzepten der Raumplanung sowie mit Hilfe von 17 ExpertInneninterviews verschiedene Problemzustände der Planung und Umsetzung räumlicher Entwicklungsmaßnahmen sowie den Umgang mit diesen Problemzuständen seitens der raumplanerischen Praxis und der Raumpolitik in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Dabei wurde – neben allgemeinen Informationen über inhaltliche Schwerpunkte und Ausrichtungen der untersuchten Konzepte, ihre Planungszeiträume und Autoren sowie Entscheidungsverfahren und -methoden – ein differenzierter Katalog unterschiedlicher Problemzustände und kritischer Faktoren erstellt, welcher bei der konzeptionellen Ausrichtung zukünftiger Konzepte als Orientierungshilfe dienen kann. Der Autor diskutiert die heutige Rolle räumlicher Handlungskonzepte und weist eindringlich auf die Problematik der Verdrängung kritischer Zustände im Zusammenhang der Erarbeitung und Umsetzung räumlicher Handlungskonzepte hin.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality of life in rural communities in the Region of Prachatice. The thesis is also focused on the evaluation of the economic weakness of the municipalities, its causes and manifestations, and, at least, the possibility of improving life in these communities. An integral part of this work is finding those sources of funding and the related use of funds and grants. In the theoretical part, I have discussed the importance of the regional and social policy focusing on rural issues and their development, with the development of the regions linked to the use of subsidies and the disbursement of funds, especially funds of the European Union. In the practical part, contingency tables and cluster analysis are used, as well as special methods. The results of this study has confirmed that quality of life in LFA municipalities and their economic weakness depends on the size of the village. The conclusion provides an overall assessment of the work and its results.

This thesis is dealed with the quantification of the effects of strategic planning for the development of municipalities and regions. The first part includes the theoretical basis of the issue, especially the definition of basic concepts such as regional development, regional policy, a region, the indicators of regional development and strategic planning. In the practical part are analyzed strategic planning through the Program of the South Bohemian and Pilsen region and their strategies with the help of studying the matter. Using indicators of regional development will be quantified impact of strategic planning for the development of municipalities and regions. Since there is no uniform method of measuring methods of strategic planning, the conclusion will be proposed uniform method of measuring the impact of strategic planning for the development of municipalities and regions.

The thesis describes development and sense of cross-border co-operation in Czech - Austrian border region especially in Euroregio Silva Nortica. There is described the development of cross-border co-operation from the beginning until programme period 2007-2013 in the theoretical part of the thesis. The practical part is focused on Austrian-Czech border region and analyzes the Operation Programme ETC AT-CZ 2007 2013 and its specific objectives. Then there is characterized Euroregio Silva Nortica, its activities, results and position in cross-border co-operation.

The subject of this thesis is to analyse the disbursement of funds the European Union on the territory of Visegrad countries within the programming period 2007 2013. Primarily the work deals how much was been reached from expected financial allocation resources and the resulting drawdown of funds divided into areas in which the finance income in countries and whether there really to fulfilled the commitments made by the country in the operational programs at the beginning of the programming period 2007 2013.

The theme of my thesis is The Cross-border co-operation Czech Republic and Germany in the framework of programme INTERREG IV in period 2007-2013 Emphasis is placed on analysis, and subsequent comparison of the cooperation between the two countries. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is devoted to the European Union, regional policy in the European Union, cross-border cooperation in general and the history of the European territorial cooperation. In the second part of the thesis is an analysis of crossborder cooperation within the Programme Cross-border Cooperation of Czech Republic and Saxony and analysis of cross-border co-operation within the Programme Cross-border Cooperation of Czech Republic and Bavaria. In the last part of this thesis is the comparison of both operational programs and Euroregions, which are part of a subsequent evaluation of the results and their possible contribution to removing regional disparities.

The graduation theses on Structural funds provides an overview of structural funds in its theoretical part, clarifies scope of the European Union regional policy, as well as objectives and instruments for the programming periods 2000 {--} 2006, 2007 {--} 2013.A chapter devoted specifically to the Czech Republic and the EU funds is included, as well as the chapter on ``How to acquire a grant?{\crq}q The main part of the theses elaborates themes on the European social fund and on operating programs for both programming periods. It provides assessment of the national projects titled ``Find your job in the South Bohemian region{\crq}q and ``Back to employment in the South Bohemian region{\crq}q.

The aim of this thesis is to determine the public awareness about the possibilities of financial support from the EU funds on enhancing the quality of environment with the special emphasis on waste water and the WWTPs in the Czech Republic. It was studied, whether the attitudes and the public awareness play a role in the construction of WWTPs. Whereas the weight of public opinion in decision-making also testifies the extent of public decision making power on the outcomes of decision making about environmental management, the goal of this work is also to verify the degree of public involvement into the public decision making processes.

Abstract I analysed Finnish parties’ policies for developing sources of livelihood in Northern and Eastern Finland in 1951–1970. I used the minutes of the main organs of four parties – the Agrarian League/Centre Party, the Coalition Party, SKDL and SDP – as source material. Parliamentary documents were another important source. After World War II, Finnish society had to adapt to peacetime demands. To quickly provide productive work for people and to achieve self-sufficiency in food production as soon as possible, industrial policy embraced expansion of agriculture. As the 1950s arrived it was noticed that the new small farms were unable to support the growing rural population. Thus, an attempt was made to diversify rural sources of livelihood. At the same time, the parties competed earnestly for rural votes, turning this into a very political question. With the exception of the Agrarian League, the parties put forth new programmes in preparing for the 1958 election, which formed a turning point. After the election, a coalition cabinet – Fagerholm’s Cabinet III – was formed; it then had to resign due to foreign political pressure. After the so-called yöpakkaset crisis, the most important criterion of cabinet eligibility in Finnish government politics was that the party had to have the approval of the Soviet Union. Thereafter the parties were no longer able to cooperate in developing rural areas. The parties were in agreement that rural sources of livelihood had to be developed in order to employ Finland’s growing population. They were unable to agree on how this should happen in practice. The Agrarian League sought to develop rural areas through agriculture, small industry and the wood processing industry. SDP raised industrialisation as the main employment alternative. Un-fortunately, because of questions concerning persons, the party split into two competing camps. SKDL supported increasing state-run industry and foreign trade with the Soviet Union. The Coalition Party was for entrepreneurship and trade connections with the West. Regional development policy measures started up in the 1960s were already long overdue. Despite various regional policy measures, Finland was not able to employ the rural population, and Finns moved to Sweden to find work. This can be considered an indication that the implemented policy was not successful. / Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa käsittelen suomalaisten puolueiden Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomen elinkeinojen kehittämispolitiikkaa vuosina 1951–1970. Lähteinä ovat olleet neljän suurimman puolueen eli Maalaisliitto-Keskustapuolueen, Kansallisen Kokoomuksen, Suomen Kansan Demokraattisen Liiton (SKDL) ja Suomen Sosialidemokraattisen Puolueen (SDP) keskeisten toimielinten pöytäkirjat. Toisena keskeisenä lähdeaineistona ovat olleet valtiopäiväasiakirjat. Suomalainen yhteiskunta oli toisen maailmansodan jälkeen sopeutettava rauhanajan vaatimuksiin. Elinkeinopolitiikassa valittiin ratkaisuksi maatalouden laajentaminen, jotta kansa saataisiin nopeasti tuottavaan työhön ja saavutettaisiin elintarvikeomavaraisuus mahdollisimman nopeasti. 1950-luvulle tultaessa huomattiin, etteivät uudet pienviljelmät pystyneet elättämään maaseudun kasvavaa väestöä. Näin ollen maaseudun elinkeinojen kehittämistarve oli mitä ilmeisin Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomessa. Samalla puolueet kävivät kovaa kilpailua maaseudun äänestäjistä, joten kysymys politisoitui voimakkaasti. Käännekohdaksi muodostuivat vuoden 1958 vaalit, joihin puolueet valmistautuivat, maalaisliittoa lukuun ottamatta, uusilla ohjelmilla. Vaalien jälkeen muodostettiin laajapohjainen Fagerholmin III hallitus, joka joutui eroamaan ulko-poliittisen painostuksen jälkeen. Niin sanotun yöpakkaskriisin jälkeen suomalaisessa hallituspolitiikassa tärkeimmäksi hallituskelpoisuuden kriteeriksi muodostui se, että puolueella täytyi olla Neuvostoliiton hyväksyntä. Tämän jälkeen puolueet eivät enää pystyneet yhteistyöhön maaseudun kehittämistyössä. Puolueiden välillä vallitsi yksimielisyys siitä, että maaseudun elinkeinoja oli kehitettävä, jotta Suomen kasvava väestö saataisiin työllistettyä. Siitä ei päästy yksimielisyyteen, miten työllistäminen käytännössä tapahtuisi. Maalaisliitto pyrki maaseudun kehittämiseen maatalouden, pienteollisuuden ja puunjalostusteollisuuden avulla. SDP nosti teollistamispolitiikan keskeiseksi työllistämisvaihtoehdoksi. Valitettavasti puolue hajosi henkilökysymysten takia kahteen kilpailevaan leiriin. SKDL kannatti valtiojohtoisen teollisuuden lisäämistä ja ulkomaankauppaa Neuvostoliiton kanssa. Kokoomus oli yksityisyrittäjyyden ja läntisten kauppayhteyksien kannalla. 1960-luvulla aloitetut kehitysaluepoliittiset toimet olivat jo pahasti myöhässä. Erilaisista aluepoliittisista toimista huolimatta maaseudun väestöä ei pystytty työllistämään Suomessa, vaan suomalaiset muuttivat töiden perässä Ruotsiin. Tätä voidaan pitää osoituksena harjoitetun politiikan epäonnistumisesta.

Dans un contexte de mise en place des pôles de compétitivité et des dernières lois sur la décentralisation (2004 et 2013), les Régions ont vu leurs compétences renforcées en matière de développement économique et d’innovation, et se sont impliquées plus massivement dans la conduite de politiques scientifiques et technologiques (S&T). Ainsi, ce travail a pour but d’interroger l’efficacité des politiques S&T régionales. En effet, la légitimé de l’échelon régional dans la politique de S&T peut être remise en question dès lors que la production et l’exploitation de la technologie tendent à être de plus en plus globalisées. Cette légitimité régionale peut être abordée sous l’angle des Systèmes Régionaux d’Innovation (SRI). En considérant l’échelon régional comme prégnant, notamment au niveau des politiques économiques et technologiques, les SRI permettent d’analyser les liens entre science, industrie et gouvernance au niveau local. Face à ces enjeux, la Région Aquitaine, qui a augmenté son budget consacré à sa politique de S&T de manière considérable depuis ces dix dernières années, se pose des questions. Elle est aujourd’hui la Région française dont le budget S&T par habitant est le plus élevé. C’est pourquoi celle-ci veut savoir si sa politique de S&T est efficace. Cet effort conséquent en termes de S&T, est-il nécessaire/justifié ? Quelle est la cohérence de la politique régionale au cours du temps ? Ces questions sont appréhendées en utilisant les outils de l’évaluation. Un travail de formalisation des objectifs poursuivis et des moyens mis en oeuvre par la Région est mené, tout en développant une approche comparative par rapport à d’autres expériences régionales en France. / In the context of setting up clusters and the latest laws on decentralization (2004 and 2013), the regions saw their skills for economic development and innovation increased. That’s why they are more involved in the conduct of science and technology policies. Thus, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of science and technology policies (S&T) at the regional level. Indeed, the legitimacy of this level in the S&T policy could be challenged since the production of technology tend to be more and more globalized. Moreover, this regional legitimacy can be approached from the perspective of regional innovation systems (RIS), which constitute a theoretical framework suitable for the treatment of this issue. Considering the importance of regional level, especially in economic and technological policies, SRI is a framework which aims to analyze the links between science, industry and local governance. Faced to these challenges, the Aquitaine Region asks itself questions. Indeed, it has increased its S&T budget since the last ten years and today is the French region with the highest S&T budget per capita. Now the Aquitaine Region wants to know how effective its S&T policy is. Is this effort in terms of S&T necessary or justified? What is the consistency of regional policy over time? What is the result of such a policy a socio-economic point of view? These issues will be studied using of evaluation’s tools. Furthermore, we offer to synthetize the objectives of S&T and the means used by the Region and we develop a comparative approach to other regional experiences on differents dimensions of innovation.