The registers of the singing voice, as commonly understood by singers, refer to the different vocal qualities induced by adjustments at the level of the larynx and of the vocal tract. This explains why register unification can be approached either one or a combination of the following procedures: (1) resonance alignment through vowel modification, (2) register alignment through intensity exercises. The wide-spread acceptance of vowel modification has made singers reluctant in exploring other avenues of register development. If registers are laryngeally derived, there should be another way of register unification, which directly addresses the coordination of the laryngeal muscles. In support of this argument, this thesis investigates the teaching practices of a group of twentieth-century American voice teachers, who rely on intensity manipulation as the primary means for enhancing the register adjustments. Intensity exercises such as the messa di voce has long been practiced in historical pedagogy, but it is not until now that voice science confirmed its significance in register coordination.

This paper aims to discuss specific contact-induced features of Kivu Swahili (DR Congo), taking into account variationist patterns of different ways of speaking. Language contact scenarios in the multilingual landscape of Kivu reveal a discrepancy: While the language of North Kivu contains traces of Kinyabwisha and Kinande, in South Kivu Mashi and Kilega have predominantly shaped the site-specific realization of Swahili. Other languages, such as French or Lingala, which have – lexically and structurally – largely contributed to the present form of the language are not bound to one area or any group of speakers. This paper deals with the question of whether different realizations of Kivu Swahili, with differing levels of contact features (such as a major influence of Lingala lexicon, more or less Kinyabwisha/Kinande morphology etc.), can be understand as “ethnic registers”, serving different social purposes. When analyzed against the background of the ongoing conflict in the area, the differing realizations can be seen to create in-group status, intimidation, protection, mockery or deliberate exclusion. By focusing largely on sociolectal and inter-register variation of poorly documented Kiswahili dialects from the western periphery, the contribution aims to contribute to the description of non-standard realizations of the language and their variability.

Resumo:Aplicação da Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica no ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se, com a aplicação da Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica, seria possível melhorar o desempenho escolar em Matemática, mais precisamente, na resolução de problemas envolvendo operações com números naturais, junto aos alunos do sexto ano A do Ensino Fundamental do Colégio Universitário - COLUN, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus São Luís do Maranhão. A tarefa foi iniciada com a aplicação de um instrumento de avaliação denominado Lista de Exercícios, composta de dez problemas, com o objetivo de diagnosticar o nível de desempenho dos alunos. A partir da análise dos dados desse instrumento, foi elaborado um plano de estudos baseado nos conteúdos do livro de Matemática adotado pelo Colégio. Durante a pesquisa, foram feitas várias reuniões com a professora da turma, para verificar se estava havendo melhoria de desempenho dos alunos e, assim, poder ajustar a forma como os conteúdos deveriam ser desenvolvidos em sala de aula, à luz da aplicação da Teoria das Representações. No acompanhamento diário na sala de aula, também foram aplicados outros instrumentos de avaliação, tais como exercícios individuas e em grupo, para comprovar se estava havendo melhoria de desempenho escolar. A aplicação das operações de tratamento nos registros de representação e na conversão semiótica, nos instrumentos avaliativos e nas atividades realizadas em sala de aula, foi feita de forma aleatória, com o objetivo de se garantir a imparcialidade na análise dos dados. Como resultado final da pesquisa, verificou-se que, aproximadamente, 60% dos alunos tiveram bom rendimento (Bom de 61% a 80%) e 37% rendimento regular (Regular de 41% a 60%). Verificou-se, também, que aproximadamente 3% dos alunos não apresentaram... / Abstract:Semiology Presentation Register, applying theory to Mathematics teaching-learning process. This paper aimed to check whether there was a better student performance after Semiology Presentation Register being applied to Mathematics, that is, with regards to solving problems, natural numbers resolutions for the 6th grade fundamental school children at COLUN - Colégio Universitário (UFMA College School). The first task consisted of a list of exercises based on Semiology Presentation Register with ten problems aiming to measure students performance level. From the analysis of the data collected, a study plan was elaborated based on the mathematics book contents adopted by the school. During the research, several meetings were held with the students teacher to detect if there was any improvement on students performance, and thus adjust the way contents would be developed in the classroom on Presentation Register Theory applied to. In observing the daily classroom, several types of evaluations were made, such as single and groups exercises, in order to secure improvement and school performance. The applying of study, approach and semiology conversions, related to evaluation and classroom activities, were made at random in order to guarantee analysis' data impartiality. As the research result it was found out that nearly 60% of students had suitable improvement (good: 61% - 80%) and 37% had fair improvement (fair: 41% - 60%). It was also found out that about 3% of students did not show any problem solution whatsoever. Those results show that it was possible to improve school performance on Mathematics for the researched students. / Orientador: Raul Aragão Martins / Banca: José Carlos Miguel / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Teixeira Prado / Banca: Adriano Rodrigues Ruiz / Banca: Nelson Antonio Pirola / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Santos Silva.pdf: 4380772 bytes, checksum: cab9932dcf76a86c4111d87864a8a3ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / This article makes part of the research project for Professional Master´s degree in Mathematical Education from PUC-SP. It has the aim to investigate if the using of a dynamic geometry software, GeoGebra, could contribute for a better comprehension of the mathematical object, the line. They were applied some aspects studied in the Analytical Geometry during the 3rd year of high school (in Brazil). For verifying these aspects, they were used the ideas of Raymond Duval in the Semiotic Registers of Representation theory. A sequence of activities that focuses on the line was built based on the theory. Its different representation forms and the coordination among the algebraic, graphic and natural language registers were considered in addition. For the development of the activities, the students used the software GeoGebra as a support. The students studied in a public school located at the south part of São Paulo city were the target. The methodology used was the Didactics Engineering of Michélle Artigue. The results show off that the use of this software may contribute to the mathematical object apprehension, the line, to facilitate and speed up its study / Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar se a utilização de um software de geometria dinâmica, o GeoGebra, pode contribuir a partir dos pontos de vista cognitivo e matemático para uma melhor compreensão do objeto matemático reta em relação a geometria analítica, na 3ª série do Ensino Médio. Para essa verificação foram utilizadas as ideias de Raymond Duval na teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica. Com base nessas ideias foi construída uma sequência composta por 4 atividades cujo foco principal é o estudo da reta, suas diferentes formas de representação e a coordenação entre os registros algébrico, gráfico e da língua natural. Para o desenvolvimento das atividades os alunos utilizaram como apoio o software de geometria dinâmica GeoGebra. Esta sequência foi aplicada a alunos de uma escola pública estadual. A metodologia utilizada foi a Engenharia Didática de Michèle Artigue. Os resultados apresentados sinalizam que a utilização do software pode contribuir para a apreensão do objeto matemático reta de modo a facilitar e acelerar o seu estudo

Due to the growing mismatch between processor performance and memory latency, many dynamic mechanisms which are “invisible” to the user have been proposed: for example, trace caches and automatic pre-fetch units. However, these dynamic mechanisms have become inadequate due to implicit memory accesses that have become so expensive. On the other hand, compiler-visible mechanisms like SWAR (SIMD Within A Register) and LARs (Line Associative Registers) are potentially more effective at improving data access performance. This thesis investigates applying the same ideas to improve instruction access. ILAR (Instruction LARs) store instructions in wide registers. Instruction blocks are explicitly loaded into ILAR, using block compression to enhance memory bandwidth. The control flow of the program then refers to instructions directly by their position within an ILAR, rather than by lengthy memory addresses. Because instructions are accessed directly from within registers, there is no implicit instruction fetch from memory. This thesis proposes an instruction set architecture for ILAR, investigates a mechanism to load ILAR using the best available block compression algorithm and also develop hardware descriptions for both ILAR and a conventional memory cache model so that performance comparisons could be made on the instruction fetch stage.

[Truncated abstract] Background: Genetic epidemiology draws on the mechanisms of heredity and the reproductive characteristics of populations to formulate methods to investigate the role of genetic factors and their interaction with the environment in disease aetiology. Asthma and atopy are complex genetic disorders and are among the most common diseases to affect the developed world. Twin studies provide an elegant means of disentangling genetic and environmental contributions to the aetiology of conditions that have a significant impact on the health of the general population in ways that cannot be achieved by any other study design, by comparing disease frequency in monozygotic (MZ) or identical twins, who share 100% of their genes with that in dizygotic (DZ) or non-identical twins who share, on average, 50% of their genes. Twin-family studies allow the complete partitioning of phenotypic variation into components representing additive genetic, dominance, shared environment and non-shared environment. ... For twin family data, the best fitting model was the one which included additive genetic effects and either genetic dominance or shared sibling environment, and that shared family environment was not important. With respect to asthma in WA twin families, there are no reasons to conclude that the EEA is not valid. Conclusions: The WA Twin Register is the first population-based register of childhood multiples to be established in Australia, and the WATCH study is one of only a few population-based twin-family studies in the world. Families who participated in the WATCH study were no different from non-participants with respect to social class and there was no difference in the prevalence of DDA in WATCH study twins and either their singleton siblings or the general population of WA children. Results from the GEE models replicate those found in numerous studies from many different countries. The BUGS models developed have been shown to produce consistent results with both simulated and real data sets and offer alternative methods of analyzing twin and twin-family data. By including an extra term in the partitioning of the variance to account for the environment effect of being a MZ twin, a numerical value is calculated for the difference in MZ and DZ correlation with respect to the phenotype examined, which allows the validity of the EEA to be directly assessed.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur sångpedagoger beskriver att de arbetar med röstregister i sin undervisning, vilka olika röstbegrepp informanterna använder sig av samt hur de förklarar dessa för eleverna. Med denna studie vill jag få en bild av hur terminologin påverkar undervisningen när samma register förklaras på olika sätt. Jag har utgått från kvalitativa intervjuer för att på så sätt få en mer utförlig bild av sångpedagogers uppfattningar och handlingar. Jag har intervjuat fyra sångpedagoger i olika genrer för att se om det finns någon skillnad i val av begrepp utifrån vilken genre de arbetar inom. För att kunna tolka och försöka förstå informanterna på ett djupare sätt har jag använt mig av ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt. Jag har också analyserat datamaterialet utifrån ett didaktiskt perspektiv.   Resultatet visar att informanterna anser att det finns för många begrepp när det gäller röstregister och att det skulle vara bra att sortera upp dem och minska antalet på dem. Samtidigt anser informanterna att sången är viktigare än hanteringen av begreppen. Genom att förklara begrepp utifrån specifika genrer samt vara tydlig med vad ett register är skulle terminologin kunna berika undervisningen. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how vocal teachers work with vocal register in their teaching; which voice terms the informants use and how they explain these to the students. With this study I want to get a picture of how the terms affect the teaching, when the same register is explained in different ways. I have used qualitative interviews to get a more detailed picture of the vocal teachers’ opinions and actions. I have chosen four vocal teachers in different genres in order to find if there are different choices of words between the music genres they work in. To be able to interpret and understand the informants in a deeper way I have used a hermeneutic perspective. I have also analysed the data from a didactic point of view.    The results show that the informants find too many terms connected to the vocal register and that it would be good to categorise and minimize the number of them. At the same time the informants believe that the singing is more important than the use of the terms. Explaining the terms within the genre, and by making clear what a register is, should enrich the education.

The thesis deals with the development of the register in the years 1883 - 1993. Real estate always played a very important role in human life and therefore their ownership played the key role. Not all the periods were favourable to property rights. This is a theme that is still current today, and each of the citizens can get acquainted in the practical life with the land register, which inter alia, contains the documents of the previous registers. That was one of the reasons why I chose this theme. Another reason was my not only professional, but also my private interest in the development of the real estate register. The purpose of the thesis is not to submit the coherent interpretation of the fabric. There are outlined the various important periods of the development of the real estate register in the thesis, including constitutionally-legal development of the ownership right. The core part of the work describes the individual principles and their development in the registers of real estate. The core part of the thesis describes the individual principles and their development in the register of real estate. There is also described in detail the contents of the land register and the contents of the register of real estate, because of the differences in the registration of property. Overall, the...

[pt] Em decorrência de transformações constitucionais, os registradores passaram a exercer a delegação de seus serviços em caráter privado. Por essa razão, muitos, no afã de demonstrar modernidade e desvincular a atividade dos demais serviços públicos prestados diretamente pelo Estado, não só informatizaram todos os seus arquivos, bem como passaram a disponibilizá-los integralmente na Internet. O escopo da dissertação reside na privacidade dos registros públicos em confronto com a publicidade informativa que lhe são inerentes, quando disponibilizados na Internet. A falta de uma legislação específica em nosso país, que tutele a privacidade na Internet, fez o pesquisador utilizar a técnica jurídico-comparativa identificando as similitudes e diferenças das normas e instituições que protegem a privacidade de dados pessoais na Comunidade Européia da civil law, comparando-os com a proteção existente nos países da common law, em especial nos Estados Unidos, com os institutos que visam tal proteção no Brasil. Além disso, o enfoque metodológico é interdisciplinar, eis que o tema abrange disciplinas conexas, tais como: Direito Constitucional, Direito Civil, Direito Registral e o embrionário Direito da Internet. Como resultado da pesquisa sobre o possível conflito inerente à informação dos registros públicos e a privacidade, buscamos nas soluções do direito comparado um mero parâmetro e modelo de equilíbrio que perpassa pela ponderação de valores. Uma possível solução encontrada para a pesquisa foi através da utilização de filtros que visem depurar os dados pessoais disponibilizados na Internet, resguardando a privacidade sem cassar o inerente e necessário direito à informação. / [en] As a result from constitutional transformations, those who registered began to prosecute their work in private character. Therefore, many of them are trying to show technological progress and separate with the State; not only to computerize all the information, but as well as make it available online. The main subject of this thesis is the use of private information in a public space such as the Internet. The absence of a specific legislation in our country that control this use caused the author using the legal compare to point out some similarities and differences about the rules and institutions that provide security for the personal information. This includes the European Community from civil law and countries that are ruled in common law, such as the United States from Brazilians´ institutes. Other than that, the focus is interdisciplinary because it includes Constitution Law, Civil Law and Internet Law. Resulting from the research about the conflict between private and public information, we attempted to find a solution for this problem. One of the main ideas was the creation of a filter that was capable to separate the personal information from the rest, which would keep the users safe without ceasing the right of knowledge.

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral conhecer a avaliação, feita pelos enfermeiros das unidades pós-operatórias, a respeito da continuidade da assistência de enfermagem ao paciente cirúrgico. Como objetivos específicos, o seu propósito é identificar não só as dificuldades apresentadas pelos enfermeiros na obtenção dos dados clínicos referentes ao período de recuperação pós-anestésica como também indicar a melhor estratégia para obter os dados clínicos necessários para a continuidade da assistência de enfermagem ao paciente cirúrgico, após receber alta da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, além de levantar os dados clínicos, referentes ao período de recuperação pós-anestésica, considerados necessários para o planejamento da assistência de enfermagem no período pós-operatório. A amostra foi constituída por enfermeiros, de duas instituições hospitalares identificadas por I e II, localizadas no interior do Estado de São Paulo, que assistem pacientes provenientes da recuperação pós-anestésica. Procedeu-se à coleta de dados, no período de julho a agosto de 2005, utilizando-se um formulário, a fim de contemplar o objetivo deste estudo. Os resultados mostraram que, no Hospital I, as dificuldades mais freqüentes, que interferem na obtenção dos dados clínicos do paciente referente ao período de recuperação pós-anestésica, foram, com 22 (84,62%) relatos cada: ausência do instrumento no prontuário e ausência da passagem de plantão por telefone, seguidas da ausência de informações necessárias no instrumento 19 (73,08%); preenchimento incompleto do instrumento 12 (46,15%) e passagem incompleta de plantão por telefone 2 (7,69%). No Hospital II destacaram-se: preenchimento incompleto do instrumento 25 (75,76%), seguidas da ausência de informações necessárias no instrumento 19 (57,58%). E com 18 (54,55%) relatos cada: ausência do instrumento no prontuário; ausência da passagem de plantão por telefone e passagem incompleta de plantão por telefone 2 (7,69%). No Hospital II destacaram-se: preenchimento incompleto do instrumento 25 (75,76%), seguidas da ausência de informações necessárias no instrumento 19 (57,58%). E com 18 (54,55%) relatos cada: ausência do instrumento no prontuário; ausência da passagem de plantão por telefone e passagem incompleta de plantão por telefone. No Hospital I, a melhor estratégia para se obter informações do paciente com alta da recuperação pós-anestésica foi um instrumento de registro associado à passagem de plantão por telefone 17 (65,38%), enquanto que no Hospital II a maioria, 20 enfermeiros (60,61%), agregou os diversos meios de se obter informações. Dentre os dados clínicos considerados necessários, pelos enfermeiros que não consultavam esse instrumento, no Hospital I, destacaram-se as características dos curativos e drenos, nível de consciência, controle das sondas, sinais vitais e acesso venoso. No Hospital II destacaram-se sinais vitais e características dos drenos, seguidos de curativos, saturação de oxigênio e exame físico. Quanto aos enfermeiros que o consultaram, 8 (30,77%) do Hospital I e 21 (63,64%) do Hospital II, foram de opinião que os dados clínicos presentes neste instrumento eram extremamente importantes, com exceção dos parâmetros referentes à temperatura e pulso que, no Hospital I, apresentaram diferenças de opinião quanto ao nível de importância (extremamente importante e muito importante). Sendo assim, observa-se que, nos dois hospitais estudados, o instrumento de registro, meio concreto de comunicação, auxilia no planejamento, promove a continuidade, é um indicador de qualidade e um meio de documentar o cuidado com o paciente. / This study has the main objective to know the valuation, done by nurses in the post-operator units, to continue giving nursing assistance to the chirurgical patient. As specific objectives it has the purpose to identify not only the difficulties presented by the nurses to obtain the clinical data referring to the post-anesthetic period but also to indicate the best strategy to get the clinical data necessary to continue the nursing assistance to the chirurgical patient after receiving discharge of the post-anesthetic recovery room, besides uplifting clinical data, referring to the post-anesthetic recovery period, considered necessary to plan the nursing assistance in the post-operator period. The sample was constituted by nurses in two hospitals identified by I and II, located in the State of São Paulo inland, Brazil which assist patients deriving from post-anesthetic recovery. During July to August 2005, the data collection was conducted, using a formulary in order to contemplate the objective of this study. The results showed that, at the Hospital I, the most frequent difficulties, that interfere in the acquisition of the patient\'s clinical data referred to the post-anesthetic period were, with 22 (85, 62%) reports each: absence of the instrument in the formulary and also absence of the duty passage by telephone, followed by the absence of information necessary in the instrument 19 (73,08%); incomplete fulfilling of the instrument 12 (46,15%) and incomplete duty passage by telephone 2 (7,69%). It was distinguished at the Hospital II: incomplete fulfilling of the instrument 25 (75,76%), followed by absence of information necessary in the instrument 19 (57,58%). And with 18 (54,55%) reports each: absence of the instrument in the formulary; absence in the duty passage by telephone and incomplete duty passage by telephone. At the Hospital I, the best strategy to obtain patient\'s information with discharge from the post-anesthetic recovery was an instrument of register associated to the duty passage by telephone 17 (65, 38%), while at the Hospital II the majority, 20 nurses (60,61%), added diverse ways to obtain information. Among the clinical data considered necessary by the nurses who did not consult this instrument, at the Hospital I, the characteristics of the bandaging and drains; level of consciousness; control of probes; vital signals and vein access were distinguished. At the Hospital II: vital signals and characteristics of the drains, followed by bandaging; saturation of oxygen and physical exam. As to the nurses who have consulted it, 8 (30,77%) at the Hospital I and 21 (63,64%) at the Hospital II, they had the opinion that the clinical data presented in this instrument were extremely important, with exception of the parameters referred to temperature and pulse that, at the Hospital I, presented differences of opinion as to the level of importance (extremely important and very important). So, it was observed that in the two hospitals the instrument of register, a concrete way of communication, helps the planning, promotes the continuity, it is a quality indicator and a way to prove the care with the patient.