No / Academic interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be traced back to the 1930s. Since then an impressive body of empirical data and theory-building has been amassed, mainly located in the fields of management studies and business ethics. One of the most noteworthy recent conceptual contributions to the scholarship is Midttun’s (Corporate Governance 5(3):159–174, 2005) CSR-oriented embedded relational model of societal governance. It re-conceptualises the relationships between the state, business, and civil society. Other scholars (In Albareda et al. Corporate Governance 6(4):386–400, 2006; Business Ethics: A European Review 17(4):347–363, 2008; Lozano et al., Governments and Corporate Social Responsibility, 2008) have recently successfully used the model as the basis for their analytical framework for researching CSR activities in a large number of western European countries. While this research offers valuable insights into how CSR is operationalised, it also suffers from a number of significant limitations. To develop a stronger analytical framework with which to explore CSR, this article draws more deeply on political science literature concerned with governance and public policy analysis. This represents the main purpose of this article. In addition, this article also addresses a second and more modest aim: to reflect on the ways in which relational governance-inspired frameworks could be adapted and applied to politico-economic systems where state-industry-third sector relations differ from those found in North America and Western Europe. Both lines of argument are illustrated using vignettes from a case study of the Evenkia Hydro-Electric Station building project in the Russian Federation.

This document investigates the relationship between the usage of relational forms of governance and the completeness of contractual documents. It further examines howthis relationship is presided by the development of social norms between contracting parties. A case study was conducted within Company X, a top European company in the Energy Sector, where interviews to managers and contractual documents were inspected for aqualitative analysis of the aforementioned relationship. The results indicate that the employment of relational governance mechanisms does affect contractual completeness on one of its two dimensions: contingency adaptability. This aspect is enhanced as relational norms are interwoven in the exchange agreement. A clear connection with the second dimension, term specificity, could not be identified, and is instead attributed to contextual idiosyncrasies such as industry type andgovernance structure design. A theoretical model depicting this phenomenon was developed, including mediating effects by situational variables.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21725号 / 工博第4542号 / 新制||工||1708(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 大津 宏康, 教授 山田 忠史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The purpose of this study was to examine the role and benefits of relational governance of international networks on the internationalization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Africa. It explored the strategies used by African SMEs to scout, manage, and maintain their relationship with international networks and how these benefited their businesses. Four African SMEs were studied in this respect using qualitative methods and interviews as a means of data collection. Interviews were digitally conducted with the members of top management positions in these SMEs. Prior to this, a literature review was carried out on the subject matter to understand the context of the research. Data collected was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Furthermore, the results of the study were presented followed by a discussion of findings that showed that relational governance has a positive impact on the internationalization of SMEs in Africa. Some of the SMEs started their internationalization by first exporting to neighboring countries and later to more distant markets. They also were seen to carry out some of their business transactions on a trust basis and manage their relationships in many ways to promote trust and commitment. This study further highlighted some theoretical contributions as it added to current literature and confirmed previously developed theories. Managerial contributions in terms of the availability of the knowledge on SMEs internationalization strategies to the SMEs as well as potential SMEs startups were also highlighted. Suggestions for further research is then proposed on replicating the study using bigger sample size, multiple sectors and not limiting the method of internationalization to only export.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-12-04T12:01:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoGalisaNevesDissertacao2018.pdf: 3169811 bytes, checksum: 1850d5e253282e6e3e88e4cba638da09 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-12-04T12:02:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoGalisaNevesDissertacao2018.pdf: 3169811 bytes, checksum: 1850d5e253282e6e3e88e4cba638da09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T12:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoGalisaNevesDissertacao2018.pdf: 3169811 bytes, checksum: 1850d5e253282e6e3e88e4cba638da09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / IT Outsourcing (ITO) in the public sector is a constantly growing management practice, but a significant part of outsourcing agreements still fails or suffers serious problems. ITO is far from an easy-to-run practice. In recent years, ITO has changed from a formal contract-based practice - contractual governance - to a relationship-based practice - relational governance - and the ITO literature in the public sector reveals that quality of the relationship is an important success factor. However, specific studies on this subject are rare in the literature. In this context, this exploratory study aimed to analyze the outsourcing governance of IT services in a Brazilian public company, investigating aspects of relational governance present in the relationship between a public-sector customer and private-sector suppliers. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted on ITO governance (focused on relational governance) and international standards were analyzed on the theme of outsourcing and collaborative relationships. Questionnaires and interviews with managers of the public organization. A manager of an IT supplier company was interviewed. The results showed that relational governance plays an important role in the execution and success of ITO agreements in the public sector. However, some precautions must be taken to avoid excessive use of relational aspects that could put companies at risk. The results of this work support the understanding of previous research on bureaucracy and restrictions related to the public sector, which makes relations between public clients and private IT suppliers more complex. In these circumstances, the use of relational governance, risk-weighted, is even more important for the success of the agreements. / Terceirização de serviços de TI no setor público é uma prática de gestão em constante crescimento, mas uma parte significativa dos acordos ainda falha ou sofre sérios problemas. A terceirização de serviços de TI (em inglês Information Technology Outsourcing – ITO) está longe de ser uma prática de fácil execução. Nos últimos anos, ITO mudou de uma prática formal, baseada em contrato – governança contratual – para uma prática também baseada em relacionamento – governança relacional – e a literatura sobre ITO no setor público revela que a qualidade do relacionamento é um importante fator de sucesso. No entanto, estudos específicos sobre esse assunto são raros na literatura. Nesse contexto, este estudo exploratório teve como objetivo analisar a governança de terceirização de serviços TI em uma empresa pública brasileira, investigando os aspectos da governança relacional presentes na relação entre um cliente do setor público e fornecedores do setor privado. Com esse objetivo, foi realizada revisão de literatura sobre governança de ITO (com foco na governança relacional) e foram analisadas normas internacionais sobre o tema governança de terceirização e relacionamento colaborativo. Foram aplicados questionários e entrevistas com gestores da organização pública. Um gestor de uma empresa fornecedora de TI foi entrevistado. Os resultados demonstraram que a governança relacional desempenha importante papel na execução e sucesso dos acordos de ITO no setor público. Contudo, alguns cuidados devem ser observados, buscando evitar que o uso excessivo dos aspectos relacionais resulte em riscos para as empresas. Os resultados deste trabalho apoiam o entendimento de pesquisas anteriores, sobre a burocracia e as restrições relacionados ao setor público, que tornam mais complexas as relações entre clientes públicos e fornecedores privados de TI. Nessas circunstâncias, o uso da governança relacional, ponderado pelos riscos, é ainda mais importante para o sucesso dos acordos.

La présente recherche propose un cadre intégrateur de la gouvernance des réseaux de franchise, mobilisant à la fois l'approche contractuelle et relationnelle. Elle cherche à examiner le degré de dépendance entre les mécanismes de gouvernance émanant de ces deux approches. L'étude empirique est mise en œuvre à travers une méthodologie de recherche à la fois qualitative et quantitative. L'étude qualitative nous a permis de développer des connaissances plus détaillées sur le fonctionnement des réseaux de franchise, de vérifier la véracité empirique de notre modèle conceptuel et de mettre au point notre questionnaire définitif. Les données recueillies auprès de 90 franchisés français, à l'aide d'une enquête électronique, ont fait l'objet d'une étude quantitative. Cette dernière nous a permis, dans un premier temps, de valider les échelles de mesures des variables latentes intégrées dans le modèle conceptuel, à travers une analyse exploratoire suivie d'une autre confirmatoire appliquant la Modélisation en Equations Structurelles (MES). La MES a été également mobilisée afin de confirmer, dans un second temps, la structure causale du modèle empirique. En termes de résultats, nous avons mis en évidence, du moins partiellement, l'existence de relations de dépendance entre les trois composantes de la gouvernance contractuelle à savoir : le système d'allocation des droits décisionnels, le système d'évaluation des performances et le système d'incitation. Plus particulièrement, les résultats statistiques confirment que le système d'incitation dépend significativement de l'allocation des droits décisionnels et du système d'évaluation des performances. S'agissant des relations de complémentarité entre la gouvernance contractuelle et la gouvernance relationnelle, les résultats statistiques semblent plus concluants en montrant que les normes relationnelles de la dyade franchiseur-franchisé, fondées sur la confiance, la coopération et l'harmonisation des conflits, dépendent significativement des trois mécanismes de la gouvernance contractuelle cités ci-dessus. Voulant affiner davantage notre analyse, cette recherche met également en évidence l'influence de cinq variables de contrôle sur la portée de certains mécanismes de gouvernance plus que d'autres. Pour conclure, cette recherche contribue, sur le plan théorique, à enrichir les travaux émergents sur le contrôle et la gouvernance des réseaux de franchise et, sur le plan professionnel, à fournir aux acteurs du commerce des éléments d'appréciation sur la capacité de la franchise à concilier contrôle, autonomie et normes relationnelle, ainsi que des recommandations aux franchiseurs afin de bien gérer leurs relations avec leurs franchisés et emporter leur adhésion. / This research provides an integrating framework for the governance of franchising networks involving both contractual and relational approach. It seeks to examine the degree of dependence between the governance mechanisms from these two approaches. The empirical study is implemented through both qualitative and quantitative methodology. The qualitative study, allowed us to develop more detailed operational knowledge of franchising networks, to check the empirical veracity of our conceptual model and to finalize our questionnaire for the quantitative study. The electronic survey data collected from 90 French franchisees have been the subject of the quantitative study. This later allowed us, firstly, to validate the measurement scales of latent variables included in the conceptual model, through an exploratory analysis followed by a confirmatory one applying the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The SEM was also leveraged to confirm, in a second step, the causal structure of the empirical model. In terms of results, we have highlighted, at least partially, the dependency between all three components of the contractual governance, namely: the allocation of decision rights system, performance measurement system and incentive system. In particular, statistical results confirm that the incentive system depends significantly on the allocation of decision rights and performance measurement system. Regarding complementarities between contractual and relational governance, statistical results seem to be more conclusive by showing that the relational norms of the franchisor-franchisee dyad, based on trust, cooperation and harmonization of conflict, depend significantly on the three contractual governance mechanisms cited above. Wishing to further refine our analysis, this research also highlights the influence of five control variables on the scope of certain governance mechanisms more than others. In conclusion, the contributions of this research are related, on the theoretical level, to the enrichment of the emerging work on control and governance of franchising networks, and on the professional level, to providing trade players with evidence on the ability of franchising to reconcile control, autonomy and relational norms, as well as recommendations to franchisors in order to manage effectively their relationships with their franchisees and gain their support.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Maria Candiotto Caselani.pdf: 910353 bytes, checksum: da553c51d138e2dfdf723e2e42f319c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Based on the relational perspective reasoning this doctoral dissertation proposed a model that theorizes on the relationship between organizational and individual trust, cooperative behaviors and organizational performance in the sector of entertainment, specifically children parties businesses segment. An extensive literature review was conducted to better understand the definition of those variables and their theoretical relationship. The review also helped to identify scales used in previous research to measure the research variables. The identified scales were then back translated and adapted to be used in this research. The cooperative behavior scale was translated and tested in other studies conducted in Brazil and as the procedures used in those studies were reliable we used the scale from Hashiba (2008). The research instrument was pre-tested during the first part of the research in which deep interviews were conducted with manufacturers of equipment for entertaining children, like professionals toys used in parks and their customers. This phase of the study also helped to better understand the business segment and the relationship between the players in the business. In the next phase of the research the boundary spanner of each company in the business segment was contact and those that accepted to take part in the study was personally helped to fill the research questionnaire. Some 158 good responses were available in the end of data collection. The data was then analyzed using the statistical packages Stata and Amos. The last one allowed to test validation of the research constructs through SEM. Validation of the research constructs were reached and the basic model had a good fit. The results from both phases of the research show that organizational and individual trust are highly correlated but they are different constructs. Cooperative behaviors were explained by organizational trust and that only joint problem solve is the only cooperative behavior tested which explain organizational performance. The data also indicated that flexibility in the negotiation is negative related to performance. These findings corroborate previous researches in the field and also helped to further the knowledge on the subject. / Este estudo analisou as relações entre confiança, cooperação e desempenho organizacional. O tema cresceu em importância na área de administração nos últimos anos e várias são as perspectivas que o abordam e aqui optou-se pela perspectiva de governança relacional. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar relação entre confiança e desempenho em relacionamentos interorganizacionais e a interveniência da variável cooperação. Para tal, foi conduzida uma pesquisa em duas fases no setor de buffets, mais especificamente no segmento de festas infantis. A primeira fase da pesquisa foi importante para melhor entender a estrutura e a dinâmica do setor, o relacionamento entre fornecedores de brinquedos e os buffets e testar qualitativamente as escalas construídas para mensurar os construtos a partir da teoria. Foram feitas 10 entrevistas em profundidade, sendo três com fornecedores. Na fase seguinte foram coletados dados junto aos buffets. Os respondentes foram os agentes de contato das empresas para a compra de brinquedos, em geral, este papel é do proprietário do negócio, em função da relevância do investimento e a especificidade do ativo. Responderam o questionário 158 empresas. A coleta de dados foi feita usando um questionário e este foi aplicado pessoalmente. Os dados coletados relevam que a confiança interpessoal apresentou grande influência na confiança interorganizacional. Esta relação é tão intensa que houve um questionamento se os dois são comporiam um único construto. No entanto, a AFC mostrou são dois construtos. A mensuração da cooperação por meio dos comportamentos cooperativos também teve ajuste adequado e estes mostraram ter influências distintas sobre o desempenho. As duas fases da pesquisa de campo apontaram para uma relação positiva e significativa entre resolução conjunta de problemas e desempenho organizacional. Fica evidente pelas falas dos entrevistados que diferentemente da disponibilidade de se contornar o problema de fornecimento de itens como decoração e alimentos , os brinquedos com funcionamento ruim ou a falta deles faz com que os clientes não retornem e ainda façam uma campanha negativa contra o buffet. Esse resultado mostra que, quando as partes estão engajadas na solução conjunta de problemas é mais fácil encontrar soluções mutuamente satisfatórias, aumentando o sucesso da relação cliente-fornecedor, conforme argumentado por Deutsch (1969). Por outro lado, a relação negativa entre restrição ao uso de poder e desempenho ilustra bem o sentimento capturado pelas entrevistas. Os gestores dos buffets apontam como se sentem pressionados pela demanda induzida de novos brinquedos, quando têm que seguir a concorrência. A flexibilidade na negociação também não apresentou explicação significativa para o desempenho, pelo contrário, pois há indicação nas duas fases da pesquisa que a relação entre estas variáveis é negativa. Os resultados indicam que a confiança interorganizacional e indiretamente a confiança interpessoal explicam os comportamentos cooperativos entre as empresas da cadeia de fornecimento estudada pela visão dos donos do buffets. Por outro lado, apenas um os comportamentos cooperativos explica parte da variação do desempenho organizacional. O estudo corrobora estudos anteriores usados como base para este e representa um avanço nos estudos da área, em especial, pela discussão e operacionalização dos construtos que foram testados e validados com bom nível de ajuste.

【研究動機與目的】「公私協力」已成為當代政府運作與學術研究風潮，然協力研究實際上忽略一重要議題，即公私部門管理者對於協力究竟抱持著什麼樣的態度。由於態度會決定人的行為模式，對於在制度與組織層面提出各項能左右協力成效的要件，但也不能忽略運用這些遊戲規則的卻是代表組織的公私部門管理者。再者，對於公私協力的研究多採單一經濟途徑，較缺乏整全跨學科領域的實證模型。基於上述，本研究主要分從公私部門管理者角度，建構融合經濟與社會-心理的理論途徑，探究公私部門管理者在契約管理上的態度意向「為何」與「如何」對協力行為產生影響(正式契約與關係治理)。並以目前公私協力中最具爭議且重要的長期照顧制度做為研究個案。 【研究設計】本研究主要研究目的有二，其一，探討現階段長期照顧制度中，公私部門管理者對於委託代理的預期、協調運作機制以及對於績效的看法。這個部份將透過質化訪談方式進行資料蒐集；其二，藉由結構方程模式循證公私部門管理者對於委託代理的態度，及此態度如何影響管理者的契約管理行為(正式契約與關係治理)，及此行為如何影響協力成效。而本研究實證模型將整合經濟與社會心理途徑，希冀涵容跨學科及實務現象。 【研究結果】本研究主要貢獻在於以公私部門管理者為分析單位，建構融合經濟與社會途徑的公私協力成效模式。同時以質量化方式驗證協力成效理論模式與實務間的契合度。主要研究發現如下：1、官僚體制在面對行政變革時會產生心態與行為上的不一致性；2、公部門希冀透過正式契約作為契約運作機制；然私部門則較偏向於關係治理機制；3、影響契約研擬因素中以社會心理因素較重要於經濟因素的影響；4、從質量化資料驗證正式契約與關係治理是互補關係而非抵換關係；5、居家服務委外呈現公私部門雙方的資源互賴，在互動中也透過社會交換行為以維繫互賴關係的穩定。針對以上發現，在未來實務建議上，可透過組際信任的培植，來厚植公私協力的理想治理情境；建議將長期照顧管理中心定位為正式機關而非臨時的任務編組；透過組織文化的潛移默化調整官僚體對於去人性化的本質，而從重視正式契約轉向關係治理的培植；為求關係治理機制的培育與應用，契約規範應跳脫交易成本的假定。在未來研究上，建議以時間遞移為主軸，縱貫式解構協力的動態過程；官僚體制中的組織文化，對於協力本質與行為的影響將是值得深入討論的議題。