O desenvolvimento de protocolos de fortalecimento muscular, tanto na reabilitação quanto no treinamento, é realizado por exercícios resistidos, os quais envolvem a aplicação de sobrecargas externas ao músculo exercitado. Estas sobrecargas podem ser do tipo constante ou variável. Dentre os recursos existentes para a aplicação da resistência variável, os tubos elásticos são amplamente utilizados por sua versatilidade e viabilidade econômica. No entanto, é um material que ainda não possui parâmetros de aplicação claramente delineados. Alguns estudos realizaram a caracterização biomecânica dos materiais elásticos e as formas de aplicação nos diferentes tipos de exercícios, mas poucos registraram o comportamento do músculo quando exercitado por esse tipo de resistência. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento do grupo muscular isquiotibial, no que se diz respeito a sua geração de força interna e a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG), durante exercícios resistidos, com tubo elástico e peso fixo. Este trabalho envolveu: o estudo das propriedades de tubos elásticos nacionais e importados, por meio de ensaios mecânicos realizados no EMIC; a avaliação da força exercida pelos isquiotibiais em exercícios resistidos, com o indivíduo em diferentes posições, utilizando-se simulações realizadas no Origin 6.0 e MatLab 6.5 e baseadas no modelo biomecânico; e análise do sinal EMG do músculo bíceps femoral, o qual correlacionado com a força e o torque dos isquiotibiais, durante ensaios experimentais. Estes ensaios foram realizados em 10 voluntários do sexo masculino, os quais foram posicionados no sistema mecânico de exercício em decúbito dorsal para a realização de movimentos de flexo extensão do joelho, com resistência elástica e fixa. A captação do sinal EMG foi feita no módulo condicionador de sinais modelo EMG1000. Registrou-se também, a posição angular da perna por meio do eletrogoniômetro e a força aplicada, por uma célula de carga. Os dados foram tratados em rotina desenvolvida em MatLab 6.5. Os resultados mostraram que não existem diferenças significativas na relação tensão-deformação entre os tubos elásticos nacionais e importados. A otimização da escolha do tipo de resistência, baseada na resposta de força muscular, depende também da escolha da posição adotada pelo indivíduo para realizar a flexão do joelho. A relação entre a força dos isquiotibiais e o sinal EMG da cabeça longa do bíceps femoral foi independente do tipo de sobrecarga utilizada. O sinal EMG dos exercícios realizado com peso foi menos harmônico e o músculo agiu numa menor extensão do movimento. E, por fim, o torque foi proporcional ao sinal EMG, nos casos de resistência constante e elástica / The development of protocols of strengthening, as in the rehabilitation as in the training, it is carried through resistives exercises, which involve the application of external overloads to the exercised muscle. These overloads can be of the constant or variable type. Among the existing resources for the application of the variable resistance, the elastic tubing are widely used by its versatility and economic viability. However, it is a material that still haven`t possess parameters of application delineated clearly. Some studies had carried through the biomechanic characterization of the elastic materials and the forms of application in the different types of exercises, but few had registered the behavior of the muscle when exercised by this type of resistance. In this context, the aim of this work was to characterize the behavior of the hamstrings, connected to generation of internal force and the electromyography (EMG) activity, during resisted exercises, with elastic tubing and constant weight. This work involved: the study of the properties of national and imported elastic tubing, during the experiments in the EMIC; the evaluation of the force exerted for hamstrings in resisted exercises, with the individual in different positions, through simulations realized by 6,0 Origin and MatLab 6,5, based in the biomechanic model; analysis of EMG activity of the femoral biceps, which was correlated with the force and torque of the hamstrings, during the experiments. These experiments had been carried out in 10 voluntaries of the masculine gender, that had been located in the mechanical system of exercise in supino position for the accomplishment knee of flexion-extension of the knee, with elastic and constant resistance. The captation of EMG activity was made by conditioning module of signals model EMG1000. It was also registered the angular position of the leg through goniometer and the applied force through a load cell. The data had been treated in routine developed in MatLab 6.5. The results had shown no significant differences in the tension-deformation relation between the national and imported elastic tubes. The improvement of the choice of type of resistance, based on the reply of muscular force, also depends on the choice of the position adopted for the individual to carry out the knee flexion. The relation between the force of the hamstrings and EMG signal of the long head of the femoral biceps was independent of the type of used overload. The EMG activity of the exercises carried out with weight was less harmonic and the muscle acts in a less extension of the movement. Finally, the torque was proportional to EMG signal in the cases of constant and elastic resistance

From the 1850s Glasgow was a major industrial, commercial and mercantile city, with notoriously poor working-class housing. During the 1915 Rent Strike many women physically resisted rent increases and prevented evictions from the tenements. The strikes ended when the Government passed the Rent Restrictions Act 1915, which returned rents to pre-war levels. This was in response to a political and working-class struggle that challenged the rule of law. Rather than focussing narrowly on the role of the women alone, or on the strike as inspiration for anti-capitalist resistance, the 2015 Centenary seemed opportune to examine why the Rent Strike was successful, its place in the longer struggle for decent housing, the role of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and its leaders, and their collaborations with labour and women’s organisations. From the 1890s the ILP was central to labour’s campaign in elections and in fostering political collaboration with many groups representing labour. John Wheatley and Patrick Dollan, former miners, were leaders in strengthening the ILP organisation and its community relations. This collaborative structure supported the women leading the rent resistance in the tenements. It was also the platform for Wheatley and Dollan, nationally and municipally, to continue their life-long work to improve the housing and living standards of working people. Wheatley became Minister of Health in 1924 in Britain’s first Labour Government, and Dollan was Lord Provost in Glasgow’s first majority Labour Council in 1938. Glasgow’s systemic anti-Irish and anti-Catholic prejudice has, surprisingly, remained unexamined in relation to the Rent Strike. Two historians claimed, without presenting evidence, that bigotry was overcome or briefly transcended. The evidence reviewed here indicated that it did not go away, but that it had no impact on the Rent Strike as it simply offered no stimulus or opportunity to express the existing racist or religious prejudice. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / Glasgow, with notoriously poor working-class housing, was a major centre in 1915 for British engineering, munitions and shipbuilding industries during the First World War. Women who lived in Glasgow’s tenements organised rent strikes and physically resisted rent increases and evictions. They were supported by the Independent Labour Party and the collaborations it developed before and during the war with organisations representing the interests of women and labour. These strikes, the rent agitations in England, and the threat of industrial action in Glasgow, forced the Government to pass the Rent Restrictions Act 1915, which limited rents to pre-war levels. Two former miners, John Wheatley and Patrick Dollan, were leaders in organising this class victory. They recognised the Act’s limitations and then worked nationally and municipally in the longer struggle for better working-class housing. Glasgow’s systemic anti-Irish and anti-Catholic bigotry did not disappear but played no significant role during the Rent Strike.

Abstract Aim The main purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of a very heavy resisted sprint training regimen and a unresisted sprint training regimen on sprint, acceleration and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent football (soccer) players at mid- to post-PHV and >95% PAH. Method In total 27 male football players were recruited as volunteer participants. The participants had no previous experience with resisted sprint training. The participants were randomly assigned to either the resisted sprint (RST) (n=9) or unresisted sprint (UST) (n=10) training group. However, the grouping was matched based on the force-velocity (F-v) profiling. A control group (i.e. TAU group n=8) was matched with the experimental groups based on age and anthropometrics. The training was done twice a week for four weeks, consisting of either resisted or unresisted sprints. 24 of the original 27 participants could later be included for statistical analysis. During intervention the TAU group performed the regular team training with no additional stimuli from the researchers. Anthropometrics, sprint, acceleration and jump performance testing was tested pre- and post-training intervention. Results The four-week training intervention resulted in significant improvements of sprint- and acceleration for the RST-group. The improvements were 3,8% (±0.05) in T30, 4,2% (±0.06) in T20, 5,7% (±0.06) in T10, and 7,9% (±0.06) in the T5. The RST and UST groups also had significant improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. Further there were several significant between group changes in both sprint and jump performance favoring the RST group over both the UST and TAU groups. Conclusion The conclusions are that in this population a very heavy RST regimen elicits improvements in sprint and acceleration performance whilst a UST regimen does not. Further, both the RST- and UST- training regimens elicit improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. The improvements of the present study follow the pattern of previous studies in the field indicating a greater horizontal force generating ability. However, the improvements in the present study are larger than previously seen, indicating that this type of training might be extra beneficial to enhance sprint and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent athletes. The findings of the present study also contradict the typical recommendations of using light resistance loads (i.e. the 10% rule) when it comes to RST. Heavier loads, as in this case 103,5% of body weight on average, can indeed be used to produce sprint and acceleration gains in a late pubertal adolescent athlete population. The improvement in these short sprints (5-30m) versus the eventual performance decrease in longer sprints 40-70m (e.g. due to less effective maximal velocity phase) is a trade off which logically should be worthwhile for team sport athletes. / Abstrakt Syfte Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och jämföra effekterna av väldigt tungt belastad sprintträning och obelastad sprintträning på sprint-, acceleration och hopprestation hos unga fotbollsspelare i sena tonåren som ligger på en mognadsgrad av ”mid- post-PHV” samt >95% PAH. Metod Totalt 27 fotbollsspelare rekryterades som frivilliga deltagare. Deltagarna hade ingen tidigare erfarenhet av belastad sprintträning. Deltagarna blev slumpmässigt indelade till antingen den belastade (RST) eller den obelastade (UST) träningsgruppen. Dock skedde grupperingen med deltagarnas kraft- hastighetsprofilering som bas, då grupperna blev matchade efter denna. Kontrollgruppen (TAU n=8) matchades med experimentgrupperna efter ålder och antropometri. Träningen bestod av väldigt tungt belastad eller obelastad sprintträning och utfördes två gånger i veckan under fyra veckor. 24 av de initialt 27 deltagarna kunde inkluderas för vidare analys. Under interventionen genomförde TAU den vanliga lagträningen utan ytterligare träningsstimuli från forskarna. Antropometri, sprint, acceleration och hopprestation testades före respektive efter interventionen. Resultat Den fyra veckor långa träningsinterventionen resulterade i signifikanta förbättringar i sprint och acceleration för RST-gruppen. Förbättringarna var 3,8% (±0.05) i T30, 4,2% (±0.06) i T20, 5,7% (±0.06) i T10, och 7,9% (±0.06) i T5. RST och UST grupperna hade också signifikanta förbättringar i både vertikal och horisontell hopprestation. Vidare fanns det flera signifikanta mellangruppsskillnader i både sprint- och hopprestation till fördel för RST gruppen över både UST och TAU grupperna. Konklusion Konklusionen är att ett väldigt tungt RST-träningsprogram framkallar signifikanta förbättringar i både sprint, acceleration och hopprestation medan ett UST-träningsprogram inte gör det. Vidare kan konkluderas att både ett RST- och ett UST-träningsprogram signifikant förbättrar både vertikal och horisontell hopprestationen. Förbättringarna följer mönstret från tidigare studier på området och indikerar en större horisontell kraftproduktion. Dock är förbättringarna större än vad som tidigare observerats vilket indikerar att denna typ av träning kan vara extra förtjänstfull för denna population. Resultaten motsäger även den typiska rekommendationen kring lätta vikter (dvs. 10% regeln) vid belastad sprintträning. Tyngre belastning, som i detta fall i genomsnitt 103,5% av kroppsvikten, kan användas för att producera sprint- och accelerationsförbättringar i denna population. Förbättringen av denna typ av korta sprinter (5-30m) gentemot den eventuella prestationsförsämringen i längre sprinter (40-70m) torde vara ett byte som är värt att göra för lagidrottare.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Introdução: A hipertensão arterial tem maior prevalência nas mulheres após a menopausa e o exercício físico tem sido considerado um importante meio alternativo de tratamento e prevenção dessa doença. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as respostas agudas e crônicas da pressão arterial ambulatorial após exercícios aeróbios e resistidos combinados. Métodos: Participaram 14 mulheres hipertensas medicadas e na pós-menopausa (58,8±1,0 anos, 27,7±1,2 Kg/m² e 7,2±1,5 anos pós a menopausa), submetidas a uma sessão aguda e ao treinamento por dez semanas com exercícios aeróbios e resistidos combinados. A sessão aguda teve duração de 45 minutos, sendo cinco de aquecimento, 20 minutos de exercício aeróbio na esteira e 20 minutos de exercício resistido, e o treinamento consistiu em 30 sessões com os mesmos exercícios. A pressão arterial foi avaliada em repouso e durante 24 horas pela Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA). A MAPA foi realizada em três momentos, sendo repouso pré treinamento (Linha base), após uma sessão aguda de exercício (Agudo) e repouso após o treinamento (Crônico). A partir dos dados da MAPA foi calculado a variabilidade da pressão arterial (VPA) e a área abaixo da curva (AUC) da pressão arterial ao longo do tempo. Resultados: A análise estatística mostrou que a AUC da PAS, PAD e PAM no momento Crônico foi menor quando comparado com o momento Linha base, porém não houve diferença entre os momentos Agudo e Linha base. A VPA da PAS, PAD e PAM reduziu no momento Agudo em relação à Linha base, porém não houve diferença entre os momentos Crônico e Linha base. Conclusão: O exercício combinado reduz a pressão arterial ambulatorial de maneira crônica, sem alteração após uma única sessão aguda. Em contrapartida, a VPA reduz após uma única sessão aguda, porém não altera de maneira crônica. / Introduction: Hypertension has a higher prevalence in postmenopausal women and physical exercise has been considered an important alternative of treatment and prevention of this disease. Objective: Verify acute and chronic responses to ambulatory blood pressure after combined aerobic and resisted exercises. Methods: Participated in 14 postmenopausal women and medicated hypertensive (58.8±1.0 years, 27.7±1.2 Kg/m² e 7.2±1.5 years post menopause), submitted to an acute session and to training for ten weeks with combined exercises. It consisted of thirty sessions lasting 45 minutes, five of warm-up, 20 minutes of aerobic exercise on the treadmill and 20 minutes of resisted exercise. Blood pressure was assessed at rest and for 24 hours by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). The ABPM was performed in three moments, being pre-training at rest (Baseline), after an acute exercise session (Acute) and rest after training (Chronic). From the ABPM data it was calculated blood pressure variability (BPV) and the area under the curve (AUC) of blood pressure. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the AUC of SBP, DBP and MBP at the time Chronic was smaller when compared to the Baseline moment, but there was no difference between the Acute and Baseline moments. The BPV of the SBP, DBP and MBP at the reduced Acute in relation to the Baseline, but there was no difference between the Chronic and Baseline moments. Conclusion: The combined exercise reduces chronic ambulatory blood pressure without change after a single acute session. In contrast, BPV reduces after a single acute session, but does not change in a chronic way. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO JULIANA final.pdf: 914732 bytes, checksum: 4abba5c4e4d951eba79ee30cd8c21463 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / The physical exercise is, currently, a means to intervene in the epidemics of obesity, helping with the weight loss, enhancing the capacity to perform daily activities and decrease the factors of risk of chronicle diseases. Objective: Assess the effectiveness of two programs of physical exercises (Pilates and weight training) and nutritional orientation, in the body weight, in the biomechanics gait, in the functional physical capacity and in the quality of life of obese women. Methodology: For twelve weeks, a group of fifteen obese women participated in a program of aerobic exercises and Pilates method and another group of fourteen obese women participated in a program of aerobic exercises and weight training. The groups participated of nutritional orientation. The exercise training lasted sixty minutes, three times a week. Were evaluated: the body weight, the body mass index (BMI), the six-minute walk test, the stand-up test, the sit-and-reach test, the SF-36(The Medical Outcomes Study 36 item) and the kinematics of the gait through recorded images and digitalized using specific software (Kwon 3D). Results: There was significant reduction of the body weight and the BMI, development in the rates of all tests of functional physical capacity and in the variables of the angular movement of the knee after twelve weeks of intervention in the two groups. The Pilates group showed significant improvement in five domains of SF-36, after twelve weeks and in the domain functional capacity between the two groups. The group trained with weights showed meaningful development in most of the space-time variables of the gait after twelve weeks. Conclusion: Both programs were effective to promote weight loss and enhance the functional physical capacity after twelve weeks. The Pilates method was more effective providing obese women with a better quality of life, mainly in the aspect of physical health. The weight training program was more effective to alter positively the kinematics variable which increased the dynamic stability of the gait of obese women after twelve weeks of intervention. / O exercício físico é atualmente um meio para intervir na epidemia de obesidade, ajudando na perda de peso, aumentando a capacidade para realizar as atividades de vida diária e diminuir os fatores de risco de doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de dois programas de exercícios físicos (Pilates e Treinamento com pesos), associado à orientação nutricional, no peso corporal, na biomecânica da marcha, na capacidade física funcional e na qualidade de vida de mulheres obesas. Metodologia: Durante 12 semanas, um grupo de 15 mulheres obesas participou de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos e método pilates e outro grupo de 14 mulheres obesas participou de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos e treinamento com pesos. Os dois grupos receberam orientação nutricional. As sessões de exercícios foram de 60 minutos, três vezes por semana. Foram avaliados: o peso corporal, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o teste da caminhada de 6 minutos, o teste de levantar-se da cadeira, o teste de sentar-e-alcançar, o SF-36 (The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item) e a cinemática de marcha através da cinemetria (kwon 3D). Resultados: Houve significativa redução do peso corporal e do IMC, significativa melhora nos índices de todos os testes de capacidade física funcional e nas variáveis do movimento angular do joelho, após 12 semanas de intervenção nos dois grupos. O grupo Pilates apresentou melhora em cinco domínios do SF-36, após 12 semanas e no domínio capacidade funcional quando os dois grupos foram comparados. O grupo treinamento com pesos apresentou melhora significativa na maioria das variáveis espaço temporais da marcha, após 12 semanas. Conclusão: Os dois programas avaliados promoveram a perda de peso e aumentaram a capacidade física funcional das mulheres obesas, após 12 semanas. O método Pilates foi mais efetivo para aumentar a qualidade de vida, principalmente no aspecto da saúde física. O programa que incluiu o treinamento com pesos foi mais efetivo para alterar positivamente os parâmetros cinemáticos que aumentaram a estabilidade dinâmica de marcha de mulheres obesas, após a intervenção.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-20T20:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ediléa Monteiro de Oliveira.pdf: 896757 bytes, checksum: 8bbece5b716734756bc80dba68d50aa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T20:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ediléa Monteiro de Oliveira.pdf: 896757 bytes, checksum: 8bbece5b716734756bc80dba68d50aa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) applied immediately before resistance training in type 2 diabetic women. METHODS: Study 1 consisted of a systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060857), with controlled and randomized studies based on PRISMA, in which databases such as LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed / MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect and Bireme were consulted, combining the descriptors diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), resistance training, aerobic exercise and oxidative stress in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Data were read, analyzed, extracted and synthesized. Study 2 consisted of a clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. 32 volunteers were selected between 60 and 75 years old, with a diagnosis of T2DM, following the pre-established inclusion / exclusion criteria. The quadriceps muscle strength was verified by the test of 10 maximal repetitions, the distance walked on the 6MWT and the oxidative metabolism through TBARs and TEAC. The volunteers were randomized into LED group (LTG) and placebo group (TG). The final sample consisted of 26 volunteers, being LTG (n = 13) and TG (n = 13). The intervention consisted of the 30 J PMBT and irradiation of 3 min and 48 s per area in the quadriceps of the dominant lower limb, immediately before the resistance training, for 8 weeks, 2 times a week, on non-consecutive days. The exercises were performed in 2 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions, with 1 to 2 minutes of interval between sets and exercises. All variables were collected pre and post resistance training. The data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism 5 software and considered statistically significant p <0.05. RESULTS: In study 1 of a total of 746 articles, only 4 met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of the four selected articles was done, which consisted of randomized controlled clinical trials, that were classified as having a high methodological quality according to an evaluation performed by PEDro Scale, as they obtained a score 6, in a scale from 0 to 10. It was submitted to the Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine. In the study 2 for muscle strength in the pre and post-intervention LED group (26 ± 9.66 kg, 42.50 ± 7.90 kg, p <0.0001), for the pro-oxidant activity (TBARs) in the pre-LED group and post-intervention (3.76 ± 0.85 mg / ml, 2.52 ± 0.76 mg / ml, p <0.0001) and for antioxidant activity (TEAC) in the pre and post intervention LED group (1, 66 ± 0.13 μmol / L, 2.17 ± 0.23 μmol / L, p <0.0001) there was a statistically significant difference. Only the distance covered in the 6MWT did not present a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: For study 1, aerobic physical training seems to be the most effective in reducing glycemic levels and oxidative stress in sedentary individuals with T2DM. For study 2 there was improvement of muscle strength and oxidative metabolism of the group of elderly diabetic type 2 who underwent photobiomodulation therapy applied immediately before the resistance training. / OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da terapia por fotobiomodulação (TFBM) aplicado imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido em idosas diabéticas do tipo 2. MÉTODOS: O estudo 1 consistiu em uma revisão sistemática registrada no PROSPERO (CRD42017060857), com estudos controlados e randomizados, baseado no PRISMA, no qual foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect e Bireme sendo pesquisadas pela combinação dos descritores diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), treinamento de resistência, exercício aeróbio e estresse oxidativo em português, inglês e espanhol. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada pela escala PEDro. Procedeu-se a leitura, análise, extração e síntese dos dados. O estudo 2 consistiu em um ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego. 32 voluntárias foram selecionadas entre 60 e 75 anos, com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, seguindo os critérios de inclusão/exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Foram verificadas a força muscular de quadríceps pelo teste de 10 repetições máximas, a distância percorrida por meio do TC6 e o metabolismo oxidativo por meio do TBARs e TEAC. As voluntárias foram aleatorizadas em grupo LED (GLT) e grupo placebo (GT). A casuística final consistiu em 26 voluntárias, sendo GLT (n=13) e GT (n=13). A intervenção consistiu na TFBM com a dose de 30 J e irradiação de 3 min e 48 s por área, no quadríceps do membro inferior dominante, imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido, durante 8 semanas, 2 vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos. Os exercícios foram realizados em 2 séries de 8 a 12 repetições, com 1 a 2 minutos de intervalo entre séries e exercícios. Todas variáveis foram coletadas em situação de pré e pós treinamento resistido. Os dados foram analisadas pelo software GraphPad Prism 5 e considerado estisticamente significante p <0,05. RESULTADOS: No estudo 1 de um total de 746 artigos, apenas 4 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Foi realizada a síntese dos 4 artigos selecionados, que consistem em ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que foram classificados como de alta qualidade metodológica de acordo com avaliação realizada pela Escala PEDro, pois obtiveram como resultado a nota 6, em uma graduação de 0 a 10. Foi submetido à Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine. No estudo 2 para a força muscular no grupo LED pré e pós-intervenção (26±9,66 Kg; 42,50±7,90 Kg; p<0.0001), para a atividade pró-oxidante (TBARs) no grupo LED pré e pós-intervenção (3,76±0,85 mg/ml; 2,52±0,76 mg/ml; p<0.0001) e para a atividade antioxidante (TEAC) no grupo LED pré e pós-intervenção (1,66±0,13 µmol/L; 2,17±0,23 µmol/L; p<0.0001) houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Somente a distância percorrida no TC6 não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: Para o estudo 1 o treinamento físico aeróbio parece ser o mais eficaz na diminuição dos níveis glicêmicos e do estresse oxidativo nos indivíduos sedentários com DM2. Para o estudo 2 houve melhora da força muscular e do metabolismo oxidativo do grupo de idosas diabéticas tipo 2 que foi submetida à terapia por fotobiomodulação aplicado imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido.