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Notre thèse s'intéresse aux conséquences de la sympathie du conseil d'administration (CA) vis-à-vis du dirigeant en termes de politique financière et de performance de la firme. La gouvernance d'entreprise est généralement étudiée à l'aide de la théorie de l'agence. Elle conçoit le CA comme un dispositif de surveillance disciplinaire du dirigeant protégeant les droits des financeurs. Il s'assure que les décisions prises par le dirigeant sont conformes aux intérêts des financeurs. Cette vision de la gouvernance s'oppose à celle défendue par la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources. Selon cette dernière, le CA a avant tout un rôle d'accompagnement stratégique du dirigeant. Il exerce un rôle d'interface entre la firme et son environnement, ce qui permet au dirigeant de prendre des décisions créatrices de valeur. La surveillance disciplinaire et l'accompagnement stratégique sont peu compatibles. La composition du CA détermine quel rôle est renforcé au détriment de l'autre. Ainsi, les administrateurs en relation avec le dirigeant accroissent les compétences d'accompagnement stratégique du CA tandis que sa capacité à restreindre la marge de manœuvre du dirigeant diminue. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur 78 grandes entreprises françaises cotées. Nous avons convenu qu'un administrateur peut être en relation avec le dirigeant s'ils appartiennent aux mêmes réseaux d'anciens étudiants d'une institution universitaire donnée. Les données de gouvernance utilisées ont été collectées manuellement dans les rapports annuels émis par les firmes entre 2007 et 2011. Les informations concernant les dirigeants et les administrateurs sont issues dictionnaire biographique Who's Who in France 2013 ou dans les notices biographiques des rapports annuels. Nous avons tout d'abord pu constater que la présence d'administrateurs en relation avec le dirigeant conduit à une diminution du niveau de dividendes. En même temps, le dirigeant favorise un financement par des dettes au détriment des capitaux propres. Nous avons également montré que cette relation dépend de la structure de propriété de la firme. Ainsi, le constat précédent demeure pour les firmes au capital fortement concentré, ce qui est conforme à la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources. En revanche, le dirigeant préfère financer la firme par capitaux propres mais le niveau de dividendes reste inchangé dans le cas des firmes au capital dilué. Ceci est conforme à la théorie de l'agence. Ainsi, la capacité du dirigeant à décider d'une politique financière servant ses intérêts à l'aide de ses relations sociales dépend de la structure de propriété de la firme. Lorsque le capital est concentré, l'actionnaire majoritaire préfère financer la firme par de la dette obtenue à moindre coût grâce au dirigeant et ses relations sociales. Cela empêche l'entrée d'autres actionnaires au capital. Le fait de ne pas verser de dividendes permet de renforcer les capacités financières de la firme. Lorsque le capital est dilué, le dirigeant peut éviter la pression disciplinaire de l'endettement. Suite à cela nous avons montré, conformément à cette même théorie, que le coût du capital croît lorsque des administrateurs connaissent le dirigeant. La relation est plus forte pour les firmes peu connues des marchés. Enfin, la performance croît en fonction de la sympathie du CA. Cela est conforme à la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources. Nous nous sommes également aperçus que l'effet bénéfique des relations du dirigeant se retrouve uniquement pour les firmes en phase de croissance. Ainsi, même si elle est source de coûts d'agence, la sympathie du conseil d'administration à l'égard du dirigeant est bénéfique pour les firmes ayant besoin d'accompagnement stratégique tandis qu'elle est davantage néfaste aux firmes parvenues à maturité. / This dissertation deals with the consequences of board friendliness on the financial policy and the performance of the firm. It revolves around four empirical studies. Until now, the study of corporate governance was based on Agency Theory. It conceives the board of directors as aimed at monitoring the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in order to protect claimholders' interests. However, Resource Dependence Theory states that the board of directors is aimed at bringing information and resources to the CEO. These two roles are opposing, and board composition determines its dominant role toward the other one. Thus, CEO social ties enhance the advising role of the board and impede its monitoring role. Our dissertation is based on these two theories. Our studies are based on 78 French firms. We decided that a director was a social tie of the CEO when they were graduated from the same university or grande ecole (Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale d'Administration, HEC ...). Corporate governance data are manually collected in the annual reports launched by the firm between 2007 and 2011. Data concerning CEO and directors vita are extracted from the biographical dictionary Who's Who in France 2013 or the annual reports. We first find that friendly boards lead to fewer dividends and higher leverage. We decided to refine our results and analyze the effect of ownership concentration on these two relationships. We found that these relationships remained in a context of high ownership concentration, but the relation between board friendliness and leverage turned negative. The relation between board friendliness and dividends remained negative in a context of high ownership concentration but disapeared in a context of low ownership concentration. Consequently, the possibility for the CEO to use his social ties in order to set up a financial policy to entrench depends on ownership concentration. The higher ownership concentration, the harder it is for the CEO to entrench. In the third empirical study, we found that CEO social ties lead to a higher implied cost of capital. This relationship is stronger for the most risky and opaque firms. Finally, we find that friendly boards increase the performance of the firm. More precisely, this positive effect of board friendliness is concentrated on opaque firms with a lot of growth opportunities. Consequently, even if friendly boards generate agency costs, shareholders accept them when the firm has a lot of growth opportunities because the CEO needs advice to exploit investments properly. When the CEO does not have advisory needs, CEO social ties prevent the financing of the firm at an optimal cost of capital insofar as the CEO is only entrenched.

Free sports are the phenomena that have rapidly developed from lifestyle activities to professional competitive sports over the last several decades. Known for distinctive counter-culture values, many popular free sports, such as snowboarding or BMX, have recently become largely commercialized and experienced significant organizational change. The main research question of this study is how free sports have organizationally evolved over time. This thesis focuses on patterns and mechanisms of structural change and evolution of values of these sports. The research utilized a multiple case qualitative methodology and is presented as a cross-case study of three international sports: competitive snowboarding, competitive skateboarding, and sport climbing. A review of existing literature identified the theory of new institutionalism as being particularly relevant to this study and thus, supplemented by resource-dependence theory, this forms the theoretical framework for this research. This study found that as a result of organizational evolution, informal organizational arrangements, which were historically typical for free sports, have not been uniformly replaced by formalized structural arrangements of mainstream sports. In addition, the organizational fields of these free sports are found to have adopted multiple logics, such as commercial, competitive, and traditional free sport logics. The notion of cultural legitimacy of international sport organizations appears to be central to explaining organizational evolution of free sports. As conflicts revolving over the “ownership” of international sports and the practice of “umbrella” governance are found to be of great concern in free sports, it is the relationship between cultural and regulatory legitimacy that these issues are addressed through. Finally, it is found that multiple power/dependence relationships existing in organizational fields of free sports are largely underpinned by commercial interests and strategies of the Olympic movement. In terms of contribution to theoretical knowledge, this study extends previous applications of institutional and resource-dependence theories to free sports and reveals that the process of institutionalization of sports does not necessarily lead to change of values in macro perspective. However, it can facilitate and foster a separation between two different “versions” of the same sports: competitive sports and traditional sports. This study contributes to wider practical sport management knowledge by raising a question of sustainability of culturally legitimate but unconventional international sport organizations in the global sport business. Another implication of this study is challenging the IOC as a source of regulatory legitimacy for sports and questioning the belief that all sports strive for the Olympic Games, which is taken for granted as the ultimate goal of evolution of sports in a global context. This is a major call of this study to both academics and practitioners, as governance of international sports is expected to remain the topic of a great debate in academic literature and popular media.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAP_TESE.pdf: 2741254 bytes, checksum: fe78169b5a73168fa375bac9aba3edbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / This work addresses the relationship between University-Firm aims to understand the model of shared management of R&D in petroleum of Petrobras with UFRN. This is a case study which sought to investigate whether the model of cooperation established by the two institutions brings innovation to generate technical-scientific knowledge and contribute to the coordination with other actors in the promotion of technological innovation. In addition to desk research the necessary data for analysis were obtained by sending questionnaires to the coordinators of projects in R&D at the company and university. Also, interviews were conducted with subjects who participated in the study since its inception to the present day. This case study were analysed through the Resource-Based View and Interorganizational Networks theory. The sample data also stands that: searches were aligned to the strategic planning and that 29% of R&D projects have been successful on the scope of the proposed objectives (of which 11% were incorporated into business processes); which was produced technical and scientific knowledge caracterized by hundreds of national and international publications; thesis, dissertations, eleven patents, and radical and incremental innovations; the partnership has also brought benefits to the academic processes induced by the improved infrastructure UFRN and changing the "attitude" of the university (currently with national prominence in research and staff training for the oil sector). As for the model, the technical point of view, although it has some problems, it follows that it is appropriate. From the viewpoint of the management model is criticized for containing an excess of bureaucracy. From the standpoint of strategic allocation of resources from the legal framework needs to be reassessed, because it is focused only on the college level and it is understood that should also reach the high school given the new reality of the oil sector in Brazil. For this it is desirable to add the local government to this partnership. The set of information leads to the conclusion that the model is identified and named as a innovation of organizational arrangement here known as Shared Management of R&D in petroleum of Petrobras with UFRN. It is said that the shared management model it is possible to exist, which is a simple and effective way to manage partnerships between firms and Science and Technology Institutions. It was created by contingencies arising from regulatory stand points and resource dependence. The partnership is the result of a process of Convergence, Construction and Evaluation supported by the tripod Simplicity, Systematization and Continuity, important factors for its consolidation. In practice an organizational arrangement was built to manage innovative university-industry partnership that is defined by a dyadic relationship on two levels (institutional and technical, therefore governance is hybrid), by measuring the quarterly meetings of systematic and standardized financial contribution proportional to the advancement of research. These details have led to the establishment of a point of interaction between the scientific and technological-business dimension, demystifying they are two worlds apart / Este trabalho aborda a rela??o Universidade-Empresa e tem como objetivo compreender o modelo de Gest?o Compartilhada de P&D da Petrobras com a UFRN. Trata-se de um estudo de caso em que se procurou investigar se o modelo de coopera??o estabelecido pelas duas institui??es agrega inova??o, se gera conhecimento t?cnico-cient?fico e se contribui para a articula??o com outros atores locais na promo??o da inova??o tecnol?gica. Al?m da pesquisa documental os dados necess?rios ? an?lise foram obtidos atrav?s do envio de question?rios aos coordenadores de projetos de P&D da empresa e da universidade. Tamb?m foram realizadas entrevistas com sujeitos que participaram do processo estudado desde o seu in?cio at? os dias atuais. Este estudo de caso foi analisado teoricamente atrav?s da Vis?o de Recursos e de Redes Interorganizacionais. Os dados amostrais tamb?m permitiram observar que: as pesquisas estavam alinhadas ao planejamento estrat?gico da empresa e que 29% dos projetos de P&D tiveram sucesso quanto ao alcance dos objetivos propostos (dos quais 11% foram incorporados aos processos da empresa); que foi produzido conhecimento t?cnico-cient?fico registrado por centenas de publica??es nacionais e internacionais, teses, disserta??es, onze patentes, e por inova??es tecnol?gicas radicais e incrementais; que a parceria tamb?m trouxe benef?cios aos processos acad?micos induzidos pela melhoria na infraestrutura da UFRN e pela mudan?a de atitude da universidade (atualmente com destaque nacional na pesquisa e forma??o de quadros para o setor petr?leo). Quanto ao modelo, do ponto de vista t?cnico, embora tenha alguns problemas, deduz-se que ele ? adequado. Do ponto de vista de gest?o o modelo ? criticado por conter um excesso de burocracia. Do ponto de vista estrat?gico a destina??o dos recursos oriundos do marco legal necessita ser reavaliada, pois est? focada somente no n?vel superior e entende-se que deva chegar tamb?m ao ensino m?dio dada ? nova realidade do setor petr?leo no Brasil. Para isso ? desej?vel agregar o poder p?blico local na parceria. O conjunto das informa??es levam ? concluir que o modelo identificado e nomeado ? uma inova??o de arranjo organizacional aqui denominado de Gest?o Compartilhada de P&D em Petr?leo da Petrobras com a UFRN. Afirma-se que o modelo de Gest?o Compartilhada ? poss?vel existir, que ? uma forma simples e eficaz para o gerenciamento de parcerias entre empresas e Institui??es de Ci?ncia e Tecnologia. Ele foi criado por conting?ncias decorrentes do marco regulat?rio e por depend?ncia de recursos. A parceria ? resultante de um processo de Converg?ncia, Constru??o e Avalia??o apoiado no trip? Simplicidade, Sistematiza??o e Continuidade, fatores importantes para a sua consolida??o. Na pr?tica foi constru?do um arranjo organizacional inovador para gerir parcerias universidade-empresa que ? definido por uma rela??o di?dica em dois n?veis (institucional e t?cnico, portanto a governan?a ? h?brida), por reuni?es de medi??o trimestrais sistem?ticas padronizadas e contrapartida financeira proporcional ao avan?o da pesquisa. Estes detalhes conduziram ao estabelecimento de um ponto de intera??o entre as dimens?es cient?fica e tecnol?gica-empresarial, desmitificando que sejam dois mundos distantes

The topic of education is always much debated, which is explained by the fact that there is a consensus that education, especially higher education, need to constantly monitor the changes in society. Traditional methods have long been the subject of deep criticism, given that in them the student assumes the role of mere spectator and assimilating the knowledge imparted. From these criticisms and movements such as the New School, the Active methodologies were created and bring an innovative approach to education. Its main premise is to teach students to "learn to learn" and bring it to the center of the teaching-learning process. In this perspective, the student shall be responsible for their learning, should be given autonomy and is encouraged by the teacher, whose role is now mediator of knowledge, to develop critical thinking, and have the opportunity to gain skills through methods involving theory and practice in an integrated manner, and deal with the challenge to experience real-life problems with which you have contact after their training. However, the adoption of active methods implies major changes in the management of universities, especially the management point of view of resources inherent in the viability of such methodologies. Faced with this problem, this research is characterized as a case study whose claim was to identify the practices and challenges in the management of a university campus that fully adopts the active methodologies. To explore this issue in object analysis organization, Campus Lizard Federal University of Sergipe-UFS was used the Theory of Resource Dependence and analytical framework. In the case of qualitative and quantitative research, interviews questionnaires were applied to campus students and conducted in depth with managers and former managers of that campus. In addition, data collection techniques based on were used Participant Observation unsystematic, Document Search, evaluation and interpretation of results, the Narratives analysis technique was used, with a view to seeking a contextualized understanding of the problematic proposal the survey. Among the main results obtained, there was the demand of need in relation to infrastructure and financial resources, as well as training of teachers and servers in dealing with active methodologies. Moreover, it was observed that managers seek new ways to acquire resources in view of the scarcity of such linked to dependence on resources from the Federal Government and the internalization of bureaucratic issues that curtails the Brazilian public administration. / A temática da educação é sempre bastante debatida, o que se explica pelo fato de que é consenso que a educação, especialmente a educação superior, precisa acompanhar permanentemente as transformações da sociedade. As metodologias tradicionais há muito são alvo de críticas profundas, tendo em vista que nelas o aluno assume o papel de mero expectador e assimilador do conhecimento transmitido. A partir dessas críticas e de movimentos como o da Escola Nova, as Metodologias Ativas foram criadas e trazem uma perspectiva inovadora para a educação. A sua principal premissa é ensinar o aluno a “aprender a aprender” e trazê-lo ao centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nessa perspectiva, o aluno passa a ser responsável pelo seu aprendizado, deve ser dotado de autonomia e é incentivado pelo professor, cujo papel agora é de mediador do conhecimento, a desenvolver senso crítico, além de ter a oportunidade de obter habilidades através de métodos que envolvam teoria e prática de forma integrada, e lidar com o desafio de vivenciar problemas da vida real com os quais poderá ter contato após sua formação. No entanto, a adoção de metodologias ativas implica em grandes mudanças na gestão de universidades, especialmente do ponto de vista da gestão dos recursos inerentes à viabilização de tais metodologias. Diante desse problema, essa pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de caso cuja pretensão foi identificar as práticas e os desafios na gestão de um campus universitário que adota integralmente as metodologias ativas. Para explorar essa problemática na organização objeto da análise, o Campus Lagarto da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, foi utilizada a Teoria da Dependência de Recursos como referencial analítico. Tratando-se de pesquisa quali-quanti, foram aplicados questionários a alunos do campus e realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com gestores e ex-gestores do referido campus. Além disso, foram utilizadas as técnicas de coleta de dados baseadas na Observação Participante Assistemática, Pesquisa Documental e, para avaliação e interpretação dos resultados obtidos, foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Narrativas, tendo em vista a busca de uma compreensão contextualizada da problemática proposta pela pesquisa. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, constatou-se a demanda de maior necessidade em relação a infraestrutura e recursos financeiros, bem como capacitação de docentes e servidores no trato com as metodologias ativas. Além disso, foi observado que os gestores buscam novos meios para aquisição de recursos tendo em vista a escassez destes atrelada à dependência de recursos advindos do Governo Federal e à internalização de questões burocráticas que cerceia a administração pública brasileira. / São Cristóvão, SE

This diploma thesis is dealing with the topic of civil society organization dependency on its environment (on resources taken from the outside). The paper is focusing three areas - understanding and manifestation of this dependency on the resources of the civic society organization, on so called border situation which occurs during the meantime between projects and last but not least on the strategies which the organization proceeds, either willfully or not, on the reaction to its dependency on the resources and to its border situation. This paper is grounded in the resource dependence theory, developed by Jeffrey Pfefffer and Gerald Salancik, and in already executed researches from abroad. The research design used in this work is a single case case study. Data were acquired by the methods of semi-structured interviews and by the analysis of the documents.

The growing commercialism within Division I big-time athletics has raised the financial stakes for universities, as successful athletic programs benefit from increased opportunities for financial gain. This has contributed to a pervasive "win culture" that drives institutions to seek competitive advantages, and as a side effect, NCAA rule violations have become incentivized. Programs whose infractions go unnoticed may benefit from the competitive advantage gained, but for programs investigated by the NCAA, the financial penalties incurred may far outweigh the potential revenues from undetected violations. The purpose of this study was to address institutional self-sanctions as an organizational behavior in response to NCAA major infractions and the impact of self-sanctioning on alumni charitable giving. Through the use of neo-institutional and resource dependence theories, this study aimed to further examine the role of institutional self-sanctions as a crisis management strategy in containing financial fallout of athletic scandal. While researchers have addressed scandal and alumni charitable giving in relation to athletics and institutional self-sanctions, respectively, no research exists linking the two bodies of literature. This study employed a two-way fixed effects analysis of 10 years of panel data to address the effect of key variables on alumni charitable giving. Analysis results indicated no significant relationship between institutional self-sanctions and alumni charitable giving. However, alumni charitable giving was mitigated by institutional endowment per FTE, suggesting that larger scale financial structures of an institution serve as the best predictor for alumni charitable giving during athletic scandal.

Cardiovascular (CV) patients receive one-third of the care and account for $444 billion of the health care costs in the United States. The cardiovascular service line (CVSL) in hospitals contributes to the profitability influenced by elements of resource dependence theory (RDT). The purpose of this study was to understand whether the regression model of hospital characteristics and outcomes would predict profitability in a CVSL through the cost-to-charge ratio (CCR). The use of a general linear model and multiple regression analysis to examine the 2012 National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project allowed estimates from a weighted sample of discharges from all hospitals in participating states. Transformation to dichotomous, independent variables preceded analysis of CV-conditions by discharges. An analysis of variance included in the validated model of grouped strata predicted a level of profitability through the CCR, (4, 509) = 129.83, p < .001, R2 = .505. Mortality was not a significant predictor in the regression model. The 3 characteristic variables with an inverse relationship to the CCR, which resulted in favorable profitability for CVSL, included large, academic, and private for-profit institutions. Prior research aligns well to the study, which emphasized the importance of RDT. Leaders in health care organizations may choose to employ decision making that is dependent upon big data and reference to internal resources to achieve reform expectations. Predictive modeling may aid in the strategic direction of health care organizations. Social implications of this study include hospitals striving to enhance the value proposition by centering care activities around the person over rationing finite resources by condition.

Church financial leaders were affected by the economic crisis after the 2008 recession. In a 2009 group study conducted nationwide with church financial leaders, 57% stated that the economy had a negative effect on their church budgets. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore successful strategies that some church financial leaders used to ensure financial sustainability during economic crises. Resource dependence theory was the conceptual framework. Data were collected from 6 church financial leaders at 4 churches in the northeastern region in the United States; church financial leaders were selected through purposeful sampling to participate in semistructured interviews. Data were also collected from church documents, such as financial records and budget statements. These data were analyzed to identify emerging themes using Yin's 5-phase process: compiling, disassembling, reassembling (and arraying), interpreting, and concluding. The 3 themes that emerged from the data analysis were (a) provide strategies to acquire external resources, (b) specify plans to establish internal strategic factors, and (c) provide strategies to improve financial and strategic management. Findings and recommendations of the study could contribute to positive social change by providing church financial leaders with successful strategies to ensure financial sustainability during economic crises and by increasing church revenue and improving social programs, which help improve the needs of staff, members, and people in the community.

More companies have responded to the call for action, increasing their attention to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Corporate governance structures have proven to have an effect on how well companies are able to facilitate a sustainable trajectory, all influenced by values and norms. Sweden is part of what many views as the ‘next supermodel’ regarding social welfare and sustainability awareness based on a collectivist mindset. In contrast, the US fundamentally believes in the American dream of free enterprise, which has resulted in a more shareholder oriented view.   This study aims to research whether board composition mechanisms such as board gender diversity, board independence, inclusion and CEO duality impact the CSR initiatives, measured through ESG score, of Swedish and US Large Cap companies listed on OMXS and S&amp;P 100. Moreover, it strives to investigate plausible reasons for differences between Sweden with the Nordic corporate governance model and the tier-1 model corporate governance model the US have. Even if ESG is a well-studied area, previous research does not find any consensus since earlier studies find negative, positive and non-significant results. Furthermore, many studies tend not to go beyond firm-level factors and overlook country-level factors such as national culture.   The study consists of 165 Large Cap companies, where 83 are Swedish and 82 are from the US. The chosen research method is quantitative, based on unbalanced panel data from 2020-2022. ESG score is used as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are the proportion of women board of directors, the critical mass of women directors, the proportion of independent directors, inclusion and CEO duality. The control variables consist of board size, asset size, return on assets, leverage, board-specific skills, and the number of employees. To control for country-level factors, GDP is applied. The regression also applies fixed effects for year and sector.   The data analyses are done with two robust and one standard GLS model with random effects, where the regression analyses are divided into two parts. Part I combines Swedish and US Large Cap companies, and Part II separates the two countries. The results for Part I show no significant relationship between ESG score and either board gender diversity, the critical mass, inclusion or CEO duality. The degree of board independence shows a significant positive effect on ESG scores. Part II conveys that there are fundamental differences between Sweden and the US. For example, while board independence shows a significant positive relationship in Sweden, it presents a non-significant negative relationship in the US. In addition, GDP shows significance in both models indicating that country-level factors matter, and it is evident that the explanatory power of the regressions differ. Thus, it is evermore likely that other factors, such as national culture, potentially impact companies’ corporate social responsibility.