El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el desarrollo de una propuesta de optimización en el uso de los recursos operativos en una planta de producción de mantequilla, la misma que ha presentado un crecimiento importante en los últimos años. A partir del análisis del mapa del flujo de valor de todo el proceso, se identifican las oportunidades de mejora más significativas. Aplicando herramientas de manufactura esbelta, se obtiene una propuesta para mejorar sustancialmente los resultados operativos a través de reducción de costos, incremento de la productividad y la reducción de los ocho tipos de desperdicios: tiempos de espera, inventarios, transporte, movimientos, re trabajo, sobreproducción, sobre procesamiento y recursos humanos no utilizados. / The aim of this paper is to present the development of an optimization proposal in the use of operational resources on a butter plant in a dairy company presenting a significant growth in recent years. From the analysis of the value stream map of the entire process, the most significant improvement opportunities are identified. Applying lean manufacturing tools, we developed a proposal to substantially improve operating through cost reduction, increased productivity and reduction of eight types of waste: waiting times, inventories, transportation, movements, rework, overproduction, over processing and unused human resources.

La presente tesis pretende optimizar los recursos en un call center especializado en la evaluación de créditos perteneciente a la empresa GMG servicios del Perú S.A. ubicado en la ciudad de Lima en el distrito de Santiago de Surco, parte de su expansión e incursión en el mercado sudamericano, ingresa al Perú con su marca comercial “El Gallo más Gallo” dedicada a la venta de electrodomésticos, motos, equipos de cómputo y telefonía, entre otros, dirigida fundamentalmente a clientes de ingresos medio-bajos y bajos, además de presentar un crecimiento sostenible en el tiempo. El estudio de caso se centra en analizar la adecuada asignación de recursos del área de call center, así como también la demora de atención a las llamadas entrantes. Una vez conocida la situación actual se diagnosticó que los recursos no eran utilizados de manera adecuada para cumplir de manera óptima con los servicios que se brindan en dicho call center. La empresa no ha hecho ningún tipo de estudio para asignar sus recursos adecuadamente, por lo que se han basado en experiencia y mediante el tiempo van modificando según sus experiencias. Además de ello se verifica que los indicadores de tasa de abandono, duración de llamadas y demora de contestación al cliente que permiten medir el desempeño del call center no cumplen con las expectativas de la gerencia general de la empresa. Ante ello se presenta un modelo de asignación de recursos propuesto, el cual es un modelo estructurado con una serie de actividades consecuentes de un proceso y que son alimentados por la información obtenida de un modelo de programación lineal y cuyo soporte operativo se basa en una herramienta especializada llamada Lingo. Es así que el modelo matemático y la herramienta de simulación por el Promodel se relacionan e introducen en el proceso propuesto, donde la integración asegura que las decisiones se tomen en base a información relevante focalizada en la nueva asignación de recursos, para así mejorar los índices mencionados anteriormente y que se maximice el negocio aprovechando las oportunidades de generar más ganancias debido a la eficiencia del proceso y a la alza de demanda para la obtención de créditos mediante la empresa objeto de estudio. The present thesis tries to optimize the resources in a call center specialized in the belonging credit evaluation to the company GMG services of Peru S.A. located in the city of Lima in the district of Santiago of Rut, part of his expansion and incursion on the South American market, deposits Peru with his commercial brand " The Rooster more Rooster " dedicated to the sale of domestic appliances, motorcycles, equipments of calculation and telephony, between others, directed fundamentally clients of average-low and low income, beside presenting a sustainable growth in the time. The study of case centres on analyzing the suitable assignment of resources of the area of call center, as well as also the delay of attention to the next calls. Once known the current situation diagnosed that the resources were not used of way adapted to expire in an ideal way with the services that are offered in the saying call center. The company has not done any type of stupid to assign his resources adequately, by what they have been based on experience and by means of the time they are modifying according to his experiences. Besides it one checks that the indicators of rate of abandon, duration of calls and delay of answer that allow to the client to measure the performance of the call center do not expire with the expectations of the general management of the company. Before it there appears a model of assignment of resources proposed, who is a model structured with a series of consistent activities of a process and that are fed by the information obtained of a model of linear programming and whose operative support is based on a specialized tool called Lingo. It is so the mathematical model and the tool of support relate and introduce in the proposed process, where the integration assures that the decisions should take on the basis of relevant information focused in the new assignment of resources, this way to improve the indexes mentioned previously and that maximizes the business taking advantage of the opportunities to generate more earnings due to the efficiency of the process and the rise of demand for the credit obtaining by means of the company I object of study.

The optimal allocation of the resources to the emergency locations in the event of multiple crises in an urban environment is an intricate problem, especially when the available resources are limited. In such a scenario, it is important to allocate emergency response units in a fair manner based on the criticality of the crisis events and their requests. In this research, a crisis management tool is developed which incorporates a resource allocation algorithm. The problem is formulated as a game theoretic framework in which the crisis events are modeled as the players, the emergency response centers as the resource locations with emergency units to be scheduled and the possible allocations as strategies. The pay-off is modeled as a function of the criticality of the event and the anticipated response times. The game is played assuming a specific region within a certain locality of the crisis event to derive an optimal allocation. If a solution is not feasible, the perimeter of the locality in consideration is increased and the game is repeated until convergence. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology and metrics are derived to quantify the fairness of the solution. A regression analysis has been performed to identify the statistical significance of the results.

In this thesis, a new tool, named CHESS, is designed and developed for control and data-flow graph (CDFG) extraction and the high-level synthesis of VLSI systems. The tool consists of three individual modules for:(i) CDFG extraction, (ii) scheduling and allocation of the CDFG, and (iii) binding, which are integrated to form a comprehensive high-level synthesis system. The first module for CDFG extraction includes a new algorithm in which certain compiler-level transformations are applied first, followed by a series of behavioral-preserving transformations on the given VHDL description. Experimental results indicate that the proposed conversion tool is quite accurate and fast. The CDFG is fed to the second module which schedules it for resource optimization under a given set of time constraints. The scheduling algorithm is an improvement over the Tabu Search based algorithm described in [6] in terms of execution time. The improvement is achieved by moving the step of identifying mutually exclusive operations to the CDFG extraction phase, which, otherwise, is normally done during scheduling. The last module of the proposed tool implements a new binding algorithm based on a game-theoretic approach. The problem of binding is formulated as a non-cooperative finite game, for which a Nash-Equilibrium function is applied to achieve a power-optimized binding solution. Experimental results for several high-level synthesis benchmarks are presented which establish the efficacy of the proposed synthesis tool.

Submitted by Luis Carlos Person (lcperson@uol.com.br) on 2012-05-24T22:10:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação LCP.pdf: 3265139 bytes, checksum: 9bd2538cb84771a02aa950b712c43b20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-05-25T12:46:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação LCP.pdf: 3265139 bytes, checksum: 9bd2538cb84771a02aa950b712c43b20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-25T12:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação LCP.pdf: 3265139 bytes, checksum: 9bd2538cb84771a02aa950b712c43b20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-22 / One of the major challenges in the world is how to find the answers to solve the problems of global warming, scarcity of food and the growing need for energy. There are many agricultural crops that could be used to help solve this problem. One of them is sunflower (Helianthus Annuus). Sunflower is one of the most important oil seeds in the world that grows very well in the five continents, covering an area of over 54 million acres (or 22 million hectares). Brazil’s share of this acreage is less than 1% and that maybe due to socioeconomic and technological factors. But, it is important to point out, that Brazil has all the necessary conditions to develop and grow this crop. With this backdrop, this paper aims at exploiting the production chain of sunflower, and through its use as a tool for strategic competitiveness, to evaluate the impact of this crop in Brazil. Amongst the many advantages of this crop, the most important ones are: agronomics, physical, chemical and organoleptic properties, in addition to being versatile which allows for the utilization and optimization of all available factors of production. The sunflower planting season is easily adaptable to different soil and climate conditions and could grow anywhere from Rio Grande do Sul to the State of Roraima. Its radicular system (the roots can be two meters long) allows for a better use of nutrients and water from the soil by recycling the nutrients. The seeds have high oil content (30% to 55%) thus increasing the commercial value of its by-products. All of these factors are analyzed at the light of the competitive advantages, economies of scale and scope, demonstrating that with intelligence and pragmatism, the sunflower crop could replicate, with certain advantages, what soybeans represented to Brazilian agribusiness. / Equacionar aquecimento global, escassez de alimentos e a crescente necessidade energética, tornou-se, atualmente, o grande desafio mundial. Existem diversas culturas agrícolas que podem ser exploradas de maneira estratégica e assim colaborar com a solução deste problema. Dentre elas, pode-se destacar a cultura do girassol (Helianthus Annuus). O girassol é uma das quatro maiores culturas oleaginosas no mundo, cultivado com sucesso nos cinco continentes, ocupando uma área de cultivo superior a 22 milhões de hectares. A participação do Brasil nesse montante é inferior a 1%. Acredita-se que essa pequena participação se deva a fatores sócio-econômicos e tecnológicos. Salienta-se, porém que o Brasil, por suas vantagens comparativas naturais e vantagens competitivas construídas possui condições favoráveis para seu desenvolvimento. Diante dos fatos, o objetivo deste trabalho é aprofundar o conhecimento da cadeia produtiva do girassol e através de sua utilização como estratégia de competitividade, avaliar de maneira sistêmica os impactos na matriz agrícola do País. Dentre as inúmeras vantagens dessa cultura, pode-se destacar: características agronômicas, físicas, químicas, organolépticas e versatilidade, que permitem a utilização e otimização dos fatores de produção já disponíveis; época de plantio (adaptabilidade a diferentes condições edafoclimáticas), podendo ser cultivado desde o Rio Grande do Sul até o Estado de Roraima; sistema radicular (raiz pode chegar a dois metros de profundidade), permitindo o melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes e da água do solo e promovendo a reciclagem de nutrientes; alto teor de óleo nas sementes (30% a 55%) e; alto valor comercial dos co-produtos. Esse conjunto de características é analisado sob a ótica da teoria das vantagens competitivas e das economias de escala e escopo, demonstrando que com inteligência e pragmatismo, a cultura do girassol pode repetir, com vantagens, o que a soja representou para o agronegócio brasileiro.

[pt] O presente trabalho detém como proposta apresentar uma alternativa de proteção ativa contra incêndio ao sistema convencional de chuveiros automáticos que pode ser concebido nos projetos construtivos nas edificações brasileiras que é a tecnologia de Água Nebulizada (Water Mist). A tecnologia de Water Mist apresenta-se como uma proposta alternativa já que ambos possuem utilização em comum do agente extintor Água. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação fará um estudo de caso, em um edifício comercial na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que compara o volume destinado a reserva de água para o combate a incêndio entre o Sistema de Chuveiros Automáticos (Sprinklers) e o tecnologia de Água Nebulizada (Water Mist), sendo este fator um dos aspectos de vantagens preconizados pelos fabricantes de Water Mist ao redor do mundo. O sistema de combate a incêndio existente (Sprinklers) foi projetado, admitindo-se os requisitos da legislação/código estadual vigente. A tecnologia Água Nebulizada (Water Mist) será dimensionada utilizando a Norma Americana NFPA 750 (2015), com apoio de normas técnicas e listas de especificações pelo fato da inexistência de regulamento nacional específico ou legislação/código estadual. A presente dissertação propõe divulgar a tecnologia de água nebulizada (Water Mist), discorrendo sobre as suas formas de atuação, mecanismos de extinção, apresentando-se suas peculiaridades e aplicações específicas bem como as similaridades em relação ao tradicional sistema de chuveiros automáticos e sua aplicabilidade em edificações. / [en] This work has the proposal to present an alternative to active fire protection, which can be designed in construction projects in Brazilian buildings that are fire-fighting technology with nebulized water (Water Mist). The Water Mist technology presents itself as an alternative proposal since both have joint use of water extinguishing agent. In this context, this dissertation will make a case study in a commercial building in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which compares the volume for the water reserve for fire fighting between the Sprinkler System (Sprinklers) and Water Technology nebulized (Water Mist), and this factor one aspect of advantages recommended by manufacturers of Water Mist around the world. The Fighting existing fire system (Sprinklers) was designed, assuming the requirements of the legislation / current state code. The technology water spray (Water Mist) is scaled using the American Standard NFPA 750 (2015), with the support of technical standards and specification lists because of the absence of specific national regulation or legislation / state code.

Purpose – The purpose is to present a Generic Model that considers the machining process's resource simulation into account as well as the operator variables. The operator variables are associated with the operations they carry out, the time required, and the ideal number of operators. This Generic Model will serve as a framework for future initiatives for industry and academia, by including resource simulation for machining operations. Design/Methodology/Approach - The simulation model addresses the optimal resource allocation to support efficient machine utilization. The resource in this simulation model is composed of human operators, working across several machining operations of similar specifications, with all of the machines arranged in parallel. The resulting simulation model presented in this thesis is generic in its organization. Findings - The developed Generic Model incorporates material-flow and logistics, tool-ware and machine failure, product-tool interdependence, and other related factors pertaining to the operator task allocation and the number of operators. Further, the optimization of process resources has been presented through results obtained pertaining to machine utilization, productivity and operator distance travelled. Research implications - Several industries are working towards overcoming the challenges pertaining to the resource allocation in the manufacturing process and the requirement for optimizing. As a result, simulation provides a less expensive option for making resource allocation decisions and testing the chosen options. The presented Generic Model will serve as a framework for future initiatives including resource simulation and allocation for machining operations and operators. Originality/Value- The model presented in this thesis, will therefore allow production planners and managers to allocate the necessary resources and observe the outcomes before they are implemented on the shop floor. The Generic Model adds value by allowing for future adjustments in model resources and parameters based on system requirements.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T12:22:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1708178 bytes, checksum: 7e11088ace9db25472a51ec593b21f75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T12:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1708178 bytes, checksum: 7e11088ace9db25472a51ec593b21f75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research examines the history of mathematical models that deal with resource allocation problems involving mass moving – specifically earth moving in construction of highways - which involves analysis of the evolution of models used for solving this type of problem - its applicability, advantages and disadvantages. The historical analysis of the models generates the foundation for creating a new model that includes two pertinent aspects of daily life of Brazilian companies involved in road construction: time and obstacle. Then, the new formulation is applied in a real life situation, seeking to measure its effectiveness and representativeness; for this purpose, a computational algorithm of the model is created and then used in VBA in order to facilitate the applicability of the model to both scholars of this field as to entrepreneurs and engineers who deal with the problem of mass moving in their daily professional activities. / Esta pesquisa examina o histórico dos modelos matemáticos que lidam com problemas de alocação de recursos envolvendo a movimentação de massas – mais especificamente a movimentação de terra em obras de rodovias - o que envolve a análise da evolução dos modelos usados para a resolução deste tipo de problema – sua aplicabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens. A análise histórica dos modelos usados para tanto permite caminhar no sentido de criar um novo modelo que inclua dois aspectos pertinentes do cotidiano de empresas brasileiras envolvidas com construção de rodovias: tempo e obstáculo. Em seguida, aplica-se a nova formulação em um caso real do país, buscando-se medir sua efetividade e representatividade; para tanto, cria-se e utiliza-se o código computacional do modelo em VBA visando facilitar a aplicabilidade do mesmo tanto para os estudiosos da área quanto para empresários e engenheiros que lidem com o problema da movimentação de massas em seu cotidiano profissional.

Abstract Optimizing the use of resources plays an important role in today’s modern manufacturing and service organizations. Scheduling, involving setup times and costs, leads to better allocation of resources over time to perform a collection of required tasks. This compilation dissertation examines how the learning effect of workers and a combination of setup activities can be used to optimize resource utilization in manufacturing systems and maintenance services. The learning effect is a technique that can model improvement in worker’s ability as a result of repeating similar tasks. By considering the learning effect, setup times will be reduced, and a schedule can be determined to place jobs that share similar tools and fixtures next to each other. The purpose is to schedule a set of jobs in a hybrid flow shop environment while minimizing two criteria that represent the manufacturers’ and consumers’ concerns: namely maximum completion time (makespan) and total tardiness. Combining setup activities can also reduce setup times and costs. In the maintenance of systems consisting of multiple components, costs can be saved when several components are jointly maintained. By using this technique, a schedule can be determined to minimize the total cost of maintenance and renewal projects for various components and their relevant setup activities. Mathematical programming models that incorporate these aspects of the problem are developed in this research and the performance of the proposed models are tested on a set of problem instances. The results of this work show that the proposed techniques perform well in reducing setup times and costs and eliminate the need for setups through scheduling. This work proposes several exact, heuristic, and meta-heuristic methods to solve the developed models and compare their efficiency. This study contributes to the theoretical discussion of multi-criteria production and maintenance scheduling. For practitioners, this dissertation work provides optimization techniques and tools through scheduling that can help keep costs down and allow companies to operate according to time and budget constraints. / Tiivistelmä Resurssien käytön optimoinnilla on tärkeä rooli nykypäivän tuotanto- ja palveluympäristöissä. Joukko tehtäviä voidaan toteuttaa resurssitehokkaammin niille varatussa ajassa huomioimalla aikataulutuksessa asetusajat ja –kustannukset. Tämä kokoomaväitöskirja tarkastelee, kuinka työntekijöiden oppimisefektin mallinnus ja asetustoimien yhdistäminen tukevat resurssien optimointia tuotantojärjestelmissä ja kunnossapitopalveluissa. Oppimisefekti on tekniikka, jolla voidaan mallintaa työntekijän osaamisen kehittymistä samankaltaisia työtehtäviä toistettaessa. Huomioimalla oppimisefekti asetusaikoja voidaan pienentää, ja töille luoda aikataulu jossa samankaltaiset työkalut ja laitteet ovat lähellä toisiaan. Osana väitöskirjaa esitetään työerän aikataulutus tietyssä yksittäistuotantoympäristössä minimoiden kahta kriteeriä: valmistajan tavoite kokonaisläpimenoaika ja asiakkaan tavoite yksittäisten töiden aikataulussa valmistuminen. Toinen väitöskirjassa esitetty tekniikka asetusaikojen ja –kustannusten pienentämiseen on asetustöiden yhdistely. Useista komponenteista koostuvassa systeemissä kustannussäästöjä voidaan saavuttaa huoltamalla useita komponentteja yhtä aikaa. Tämän yhdistelyn avulla voidaan luoda aikataulu, joka minimoi useiden komponenttien ylläpidon, uusimisen, ja asetuskustannusten kokonaiskustannuksen. Työssä mallinnetaan näitä tekniikoita matemaattisen ohjelmoinnin keinoin, ja luotuja malleja testataan joukolla esimerkkiongelmia. Väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, että ehdotetuilla tekniikoilla voidaan vähentää asetusaikoja ja –kustannuksia, tai poistaa asetustöistä aiheutuvia kustannuksia kokonaan. Siinä esitetään useita eksakteja, heuristisia ja metaheuristisia menetelmiä kehitettyjen mallien ratkaisuun ja niiden suorituskyvyn vertailuun. Työn tulokset edistävät tieteellistä keskustelua monikriteeriskeduloinnin alalla, erityisesti liittyen tuotanto- ja kunnossapitosysteemeihin. Käytännön toimijoille väitöskirja tarjoaa optimointitekniikoita- ja työkaluja aikataulutukseen ja sen kautta taloudellisissa ja ajallisissa rajoitteissa toiminnan mahdollistamiseen.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie des systèmes linéaires dans les dioïdes. Cette théorie concerne la sous-classe des systèmes à événements discrets modélisables par les Graphes d'Événements Temporisés (GET). La dynamique de ces graphes peut être représentée par des équations récurrentes linéaires sur des structures algébriques particulières telles que l'algèbre (max,+) ou l'algèbre (min,+).Ce mémoire est consacré à l'analyse de performances des systèmes dynamiques qui peuvent être modélisés graphiquement par des Graphes d'Événements Temporisés Généralisés (GETG). Ces derniers, contrairement au GET, n'admettent pas une représentation linéaire dans l'algèbre (min,+). Pour pallier à ce problème de non linéarité, nous avons utilisé une approche de modélisation définie sur un dioïde d'opérateurs muni de deux lois internes : loi additive correspondant à l'opération (min), et loi multiplicative équivalente à la loi de composition usuelle. Le modèle d'état obtenu, est utilisé pour évaluer les performances des GETG. Pour cela, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode qui a pour but de linéariser le modèle mathématique régissant l'évolution dynamique du modèle graphique, dans le but d'obtenir un modèle (min,+) linéaire. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est consacrée au problème qui consiste à déterminer les ressources à utiliser dans une ligne de production, en vue d'atteindre des performances souhaitée. Ceci est équivalent à déterminer le marquage initial de la partie commande du GETG. / This thesis is part of the theory of linear systems over dioids. This theory concerns the subclass of discrete event dynamic systems modeled by Timed Event Graphs (TEG). The dynamics of these graphs can be represented by linear recurrence equations over specific algebraic structures such as (max,+) algebra or (min,+) algebra.This report is devoted to the performance analysis of dynamic systems which can be represented graphically by Generalized Timed Event Graphs(GTEG). These type of graphs, unlike TEG, do not admit a linear representation in (min,+) algebra. To mitigate the problem of nonlinearity, we used a modeling approach defined on a dioid operators. The obtained state model is used to evaluate the performance of GTEG. For this, we proposed a new method to linearize the mathematical model governing the dynamic evolution of the graphical model in order to obtain a linear model in (min,+) algebra. The second part of this work is devoted to the problem of determining the resources to use in a production line, in order to achieve desired performance. These is equivalent to determining the initial marking of the control part of the GTEG.