Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-05T14:46:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO NUNES DA SILVA.pdf: 814867 bytes, checksum: eaeace88d325760adf2688c0cd58d28b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T14:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO NUNES DA SILVA.pdf: 814867 bytes, checksum: eaeace88d325760adf2688c0cd58d28b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / The purpose of this essay is to analyze the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, in the field of international debates about the climate as a guidance principle of debates. The differentiated responsibility, which came out in the establishment of goals to equalize the levels of emission of greenhouse gases only to developed countries (Parties in the Annex I), is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities adopted by the Framework Convention, and it usually commands the relations between developed and developing countries and even the global hope to create a new agreement post-Kyoto. Beyond this principle, we will also study others that help in understanding the environmental protection in the international field. The essay also has the purpose to analyze the practices and perspectives for the common but differentiated responsibilities in a global scope, especially the developments of the principle in the new series of climate negotiations; / Esta dissertação tem por escopo a análise do princípio das responsabilidades comuns, porém diferenciadas, no âmbito das negociações internacionais do clima, como princípio balizador das discussões. A responsabilização diferenciada, que resultou no estabelecimento de metas de estabilização dos níveis de emissão de gases do efeito estufa apenas para os países desenvolvidos (Partes do Anexo I), é baseada no princípio da responsabilidade comum, porém diferenciada, adotado pela Convenção-Quadro, e que rege usualmente as relações entre os países desenvolvidos e os países em desenvolvimento e ainda a expectativa global na construção de um novo acordo pós Kyoto. Além deste princípio estudaremos também outros que ajudam na compreensão à proteção ao meio ambiente no cenário internacional. A dissertação visa também analisar as práticas e perspectivas para as responsabilidades comuns, mas diferenciadas em âmbito global especialmente os desdobramentos do princípio nas novas rodadas de negociação do clima;

O tratamento diferenciado dos países em desenvolvimento surge a partir da década de 70 como expressão de resistência dos países do então Terceiro Mundo a uma ordem mundial pós-guerra entendida essencialmente como injusta e cuja doutrina do desenvolvimento tal como prescrita não conseguia equalizar. A partir de movimentações políticas, os países em desenvolvimento emplacaram tal tratamento no âmbito de importantes documentos internacionais e acordos multilaterais. O tratamento diferenciado dos países em desenvolvimento se expressa no direito internacional ambiental por meio do princípio das responsabilidades comuns mas diferenciadas e respectivas capacidades, consagrado da Declaração do Rio sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, de 1992, e cuja expressão máxima é a Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas (CQMC). Tendo como objeto o tratamento diferenciado dos países em desenvolvimento, delimitado às obrigações centrais no âmbito da CQMC, a presente pesquisa encara o problema de sua operacionalização desde a mencionada Convenção até o seu Acordo de Paris. Para tanto, a pesquisa vale-se do método dedutivo, uma abordagem estruturalista e materialista-histórica para a análise de conteúdo dos textos jurídicos, observando a operacionalização do tratamento diferenciado em nas obrigações em termos de vinculatividade, precisão e delegação. O resultado foi que as mudanças climáticas são necessariamente um debate sobre desigualdades em termos de responsabilidade, mitigação e vulnerabilidade. Sob a alegação de um mundo mais complexo, onde a expressão ‘Terceiro Mundo’ é substituída pela noção de ‘Sul Global’, afirma-se que tal enquadramento de uma dívida Norte-Sul não seria mais pertinente, esvaziando o significado do tratamento diferenciado dos países em desenvolvimento. Porém, a persistência da dívida Norte-Sul em termos dinâmicos aponta que tal tratamento diferenciado dos países em desenvolvimento também continua atual. No intuito de instrumentalizar as obrigações da Convenção, o Protocolo de Quioto – endossado principalmente pelos países europeus – estabelece uma arquitetura descendente, apoiado em normas diferenciais por meio de compromissos de redução precisos, vinculantes e firmados internacionalmente, tendo como destinatários, em um primeiro momento, os países desenvolvidos. O Acordo de Paris – que reflete a estratégia dos Estados Unidos desde antes da própria Convenção – estabelece uma arquitetura ascendente, recorrendo a normas contextuais, onde os compromissos são nacionalmente determinados e isentos de um escrutínio internacional. O Acordo – cuidadosamente redigido – não estabelece nenhuma obrigação substancial precisa ou mesmo vinculante sobre tais contribuições, deixando ampla margem para todos os países e tornando a liderança dos países desenvolvidos no enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas apenas uma obrigação retórica. Deste modo, conclui-se que, sob o argumento de prover diferenciação para todos, o Acordo de Paris esvazia o significado do tratamento diferenciado dos países em desenvolvimento. Entretanto, apenas no âmbito da delegação, ou seja, dos mecanismos de cumprimento estabelecidos pelo Acordo, notadamente o balanço geral de implementação por meio de ‘naming and shaming’ que os países em desenvolvimento poderão exigir a necessária liderança dos países desenvolvidos. / In the 1970s, countries recognised as ‘developing’ began to be treated differently with regard to international agreements and doctrines that affected those countries development, following a widespread consensus among developing countries that the post-war order was unjust. As a result of political moves, developing countries have introduced such treatment in the framework of important international documents and multilateral agreements. The differentiated treatment of developing countries is expressed in international environmental law through the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capacities enshrined in the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and culminated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Having as its object the differentiated treatment of developing countries, limited to the central obligations under the UNFCCC, this research faces how international climate agreements operated within the differentiated treatment for developing countries. The research is based on the deductive method, a structuralist and historical materialist approach to the analysis of the content of legal texts, observing the differential treatment in obligations in terms of obligation, precision and delegation. The result was that climate change is necessarily a debate on inequalities in terms of responsibility, mitigation and vulnerability. Under the claim of a more complex world, where the expression 'Third World' is replaced by the notion of 'Global South', it is stated that such framing of a North-South divide would not be more relevant, depriving the meaning of differential treatment of developing countries. However, the persistence of the North-South divide in dynamic terms points out that such differentiated treatment of the developing countries is still relevant. In order to implement the obligations of the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol - endorsed mainly by European countries - establishes a downward architecture, supported by differential norms through precise, binding and internationally agreed reduction commitments, directed primarily to developed countries. The Paris Agreement - which reflects the US strategy prior to the Convention itself - establishes an upward architecture, using contextual norms where commitments are nationally determined and thus exempt from international scrutiny. The Agreement - carefully worded - does not establish any substantive or precise binding obligation on such contributions, leaving wide scope for all countries and does not require substantive efforts from developed countries in tackling climate change. In this way, it is concluded that, under the argument of providing differentiation for all, the Paris Agreement emptied the meaning of the differential treatment of developing countries. However, only within the scope of the delegation, through compliance mechanisms established by the Agreement, notably the global stocktake through naming and shaming that developing countries may require the necessary leadership of the developed countries.

Orientador: Edson Luís Piroli / Resumo: O trabalho aqui apresentado tem como objetivo realizar uma síntese do papel dos municípios sob a concepção da gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil, com base na Lei das Águas e da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, que definem um papel menos ativo destes para gerir e regular os recursos hídricos em seus instrumentos. Não obstante, este trabalho destaca a necessidade de integração entre a gestão dos recursos hídricos com diretrizes definidas nos Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica e as demais políticas públicas ambientais sob responsabilidade dos municípios. Nesta perspectiva, considera-se fundamental que haja articulação entre políticas públicas, principalmente em âmbitos estadual e municipal, pois esta combinação é de grande importância para o fomento da participação ativa dos municípios em suas atribuições no Sistema Nacional de Recursos Hídricos; sendo que a principal prevista é a participação nos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica dos quais estão inseridos e no cumprimento das obrigações constitucionais de ordenamento territorial, preservação e conservação ambiental em prol do atendimento das necessidades das gerações atuais e futuras. Destarte, foi analisado o conteúdo do Plano Diretor Municipal de Assis e sua revisão, iniciada em 2017, para verificar as interações entre as legislações pertinentes, com foco na relação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e Estatuto das Cidades Com as análises realizadas, conclui-se a necessidade de uma maior aproximação do Plano Diretor M... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work presented aims to synthesize the role of municipalities under the concept of water resources management in Brazil, based on the Water Law and the National Water Resources Policy which define a less active role for these to manage and regulate water resources in its instruments. Nevertheless, this work highlights the need to integrate water resources management with guidelines defined in the River Basin Plans and other public environmental policies under responsibility of municipalities. In this perspective, it is crucial to articulate between public policies, mainly in state and municipal scopes, since this combination is of great importance for the promotion of active participation of municipalities in their attributions in the National System of Water Resources; and the main one foreseen is the participation in its inserted Hydrographic Basin Committees and in fulfillment of the constitutional obligations of territorial planning, preservation and environmental conservation, in order to meet the needs of the present and future generations. Thus, the contents of the Assis Municipal Master Plan and its review, initiated in 2017, were analyzed to verify the interactions between the relevant legislations, focusing on the National Policy on Water Resources Statute of Cities. The analyzes carried out conclude the need for a closer approximation of the Municipal Master Plan with the Paranapanema Hydrographic Basin Plan, in addition to the need for integration with other p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Soares Hentz / Banca: Euclides Celso Berardo / Banca: Élcio Trujillo / Resumo: O estudo busca apresentar o regime geral da responsabilidade ambiental, destacando as três diferentes espécies de responsabilidades derivadas de condutas ou atividades lesivas ao meio ambiente (civil, administrativa e penal), conforme a previsão do art. 225, §3º, da Constituição Federal, e defendendo, em especial, o acolhimento, no direito pátrio, do novel instituto da responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica. Delineando o direito constitucional ambiental, com ênfase aos seus princípios e garantias, o estudo demonstra a ênfase dada à proteção do meio ambiente pelo ordenamento, destacando-se sua condição de bem jurídico relevante, constitucionalmente protegido. São demonstrados, também, os critérios gerais de diferenciação dos conceitos jurídicos de obrigação, de responsabilidade e de dano, com a devida referência ao direito ambiental, passando-se, então, ao cerne do estudo, com a análise do regime geral da responsabilidade ambiental (civil, administrativa e penal) gerada pela prática de condutas ou atividades lesivas ao meio ambiente. É analisada, ainda, a Lei n. 9.605/98, que prevê e disciplina a responsabilidade ambiental em nível infraconstitucional, concluindo-se, então, pela necessidade de efetivação da ampla proteção já outorgada pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro ao meio ambiente, propugnando-se pelo respeito ao direito posto e pela superação das controvérsias doutrinárias que geram insegurança e incerteza. / Abstract: This study aims to present general regime of the environmental responsibility derivative of harmful conducts or activities to the environment, dividing it in three most relevant aspects (civil, penal, administrative), according to the prevision of the Federal Constitution, art. 225, §3rd, focusing especially on the acceptance, in the Brazilian law, of the penal liability of the legal entity. It outlines the environmental constitutional law, with emphasis on its principles and guarantees, highlighting, evidently, the election done by the constituent in relation to the environment, leading it to the condition of a relevant constitutionally protected judicial asset. The study also shows general criteria to the differentiation of judicial concepts of obligation, responsibility and harm, also taking them to the environmental law. The crucial part of this work is then reached, with the analysis of the general regimes of the civil, penal and administrative responsibilities yielded by the practice of harmful conducts or activities to the environment. It analyzes, too, the act n. 9.605/98, which disciplines the environmental responsibility in a infra-constitutional level, coming to the conclusion of the need of effectiveness of the wide protection already granted by the Brazilian law to the environment, standing up for the respect to the law in effect and for the overcoming of the doctrinal controversies which generate judicial insecurity and uncertainty. / Mestre

<p>The Chief information officer (CIO) position has been seen as very important to every organization; this includes organizations that have either outsourced   or Insourced their IT function. Various studies have shown that this role emerged as a critical executive position in most organization which helps to shape organizations strategy. CIO has a major responsibility of aligning IT with business strategy that leads to an organization achieving a higher competitive advantage. This  work describeD the various roles of the CIO in organizations with a special focus on IT-business strategy alignment.</p><p>Based on our investigations from previous research, case studies and current interviews with CIOs, we were able to see that the CIO roles are shifting from operational to more strategic one. The CIO is seen to be the bridge between IT strategy and business strategy. As a result of this, they have close collaboration with the CEOs in order to be successful in aligning IT strategy to the business objectives. In view of this, the CIO plays the role of both the chief architect who designs future possibilities for business and the technology provocateur (Intelligent officer) that aligns IT with business.</p>

The Chief information officer (CIO) position has been seen as very important to every organization; this includes organizations that have either outsourced   or Insourced their IT function. Various studies have shown that this role emerged as a critical executive position in most organization which helps to shape organizations strategy. CIO has a major responsibility of aligning IT with business strategy that leads to an organization achieving a higher competitive advantage. This  work describeD the various roles of the CIO in organizations with a special focus on IT-business strategy alignment. Based on our investigations from previous research, case studies and current interviews with CIOs, we were able to see that the CIO roles are shifting from operational to more strategic one. The CIO is seen to be the bridge between IT strategy and business strategy. As a result of this, they have close collaboration with the CEOs in order to be successful in aligning IT strategy to the business objectives. In view of this, the CIO plays the role of both the chief architect who designs future possibilities for business and the technology provocateur (Intelligent officer) that aligns IT with business.

This thesis analyzes the right to reconcile work and family responsibilities which is recognized as crucial in women&amp / #8223 / s participation in the labor market. When women can not fully enjoy their right to work due to the burden of unequal gender division of labor, they become more vulnerable to poverty and male violence which impede them from developing their basic human capabilities. States should acknowledge that this is a human rights problem which is deriving from women&amp / #8223 / s overburden as primary caregivers. In order to overcome this problem and transform the patriarchal structure of the market and the family / state intervention in the private sphere is required. Two alternative reconciliation models are examined. The first is the equality driven model that encompasses parental leave and childcare facilities, which necessitate positive intervention of the state and more likely to trigger structural change. The other is the flexibility or market driven model which is based on part-time work and homeworking strategies. They target women&amp / #8223 / s participation in the labor market without necessarily leading to any change in the gender divisionof labor. The effectiveness of these strategies is analyzed within a feminist jurisprudence method. While the focus is on the international framework, including the EU Member States, the specific case of Turkey is also considered. Given Turkey&amp / #8223 / s socio-economic particularities, childcare largely depends on kinship relations and social policies regulating women&amp / #8223 / s labor market participation are market driven. The data shows that women in Turkey do not equally enjoy their economic and social rights. Therefore, by examining the international framework for right to reconcile work and family responsibilities, it is hoped that a case can be made to call on Turkey to abide by its international obligations to grant this right.

Tyrimo objektu pasirinkta mokinių požiūris į jų elgesį mokykloje reglamentuojančias taisykles bei tarpusavio santykius su mokytojais (pasitikėjimas mokytojais bei tarpusavio pagarba), problematiškas elgesys (muštynės su kitais mokiniais, bėgimas iš pamokų, svetimo turto laužymas), o taip pat dalyvavimas popamokinėje veikloje. Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti paauglių dalyvavimo papomokinėje veikloje ir požiūrio į mokyklą bei problematiško elgesio tarpusavio sąsajas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Išsiaiškinti mokinių požiūrio į elgesio taisykles bei savo pareigas priklausomybę nuo dalyvavimo papomokinėje veikloje ir šios veiklos pobūdžio. 2. Išsiaiškinti mokini��� ir mokytojų tarpusavio santykių priklausomybę nuo dalyvavimo papomokinėje veikloje ir šios veiklos pobūdžio. 3. Išsiaiškinti mokinių problematiško elgesio priklausomybę nuo dalyvavimo papomokinėje veikloje ir šios veiklos pobūdžio. 4. Įvertinti požiūrio į mokyklą ir problematiško elgesio ypatumus priklausomai nuo lyties. Tyrime buvo apklausta 476 Kauno rajono aštuntos – devintos klasės mokiniai. Mokiniai parinkti iš šešių pagrindinių, šešių vidurinių mokyklų ir keturių gimnazijų. Tiriamųjų imtį pagal lytį sudarė 221 mergaitė ir 243 berniukai. 12 mokinių savo lyties nenurodė. Darbe taikytas apklausos raštu metodas. Anketos mokinių klausta ar jiems patinka mokykla, ar jie žino jų elgesį mokykloje reglamentuojančias taisykles. Kiek šios taisyklės yra teisingos, kaip jie vertina savo teises mokykloje. Siekiant išsiaiškinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The pupils attitude towards the regulating rules of their behavior in school and their inter relationship with teachers (trust in teachers and their mutual respect) also the components of problematic behavior such as brawls with other students, lesson skipping, property intrusion are chosen as The research object. Aim of the research – to find the connection of teenager after school activities participation and the attitude towards school and problematic behavior. The research goal: 1. To sort the pupils’ attitude towards behavior rules and their responsibilities, depending on their participation in after school activities and the nature of those activities. 2. To sort the interrelationship between pupils and teachers depending on participation in after school activities and the nature of those activities. 3. To sort the pupils’ problematic behavior dependency on participation in after school activities and the nature of those activities. 4. To evaluate the attitudes towards school and the peculiarities of problematic behavior, relating to gender. 476 eight – ninth grade pupils of Kaunas region schools were surveyed in this research. Pupils were selected from six base schools, six secondary schools, and four gymnasiums. The data corpus concerning gender was formed from 221 girls and 243 boys. 12 pupils did not indicate their gender. The written test method was used in the survey. The pupils were asked whether they like school, do they know the rules relating their... [to full text]

Nova Scotia is one of the least active provinces in Canada and is experiencing rising levels of obesity and related diseases. Women in Canada have low rates of participation in physical activity, despite the many benefits. The purpose of this research was to develop an understanding of how the built, natural and social environments act as enablers and barriers to the use of active transportation for midlife women. A qualitative, grounded theory approach was used in conjunction with a feminist perspective to explore the research topic. Findings suggest that the characteristics of the route and region, the presence or lack of support, and the perceived value and benefits of active transportation affect the type of transportation mode that is selected for commuting. Findings also reveal the ways that women respond to and overcome barriers. Implications for health promotion and future research are discussed.

South Africa, notwithstanding her comprehensive legislation, has disturbingly high figures of child sexual violence. These crimes and the low conviction rates should put any role-player within the field of sexual violence to shame. Concerns are raised that, unless trained professionals deal with child sexual abuse victims, we will fail to protect children from abuse and fail in our quest for justice. The South African police, in its efforts to prioritize crimes against women and children, employed forensic social workers. This article presents the results of an explorative study of the role and responsibilities of the forensic social worker in the SAPS. Data was collected from three groups of participants (forensic social workers, state prosecutors and police investigating officers) according to a mixed method approach. Both qualitative (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (statistical data) methods were therefore employed. The forensic process is designed to answer a question of relevance to the legal system, which makes the role of the forensic social worker very specific. If roleplayers in the field of child sexual offences, however, are not entirely familiar with what forensic social work entails, it could not only complicate matters for the forensic social workers, but it could also mean that their services are not used optimally and effectively. The findings of the study indicate that forensic social workers make a valuable contribution to the successful investigation of child sexual offences; however, in the absence of adequate continuous trainin training, supervision and consultation, they could fail in providing a proficient service. / Thesis (MSW (Forensic Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.