In 2006 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) introduced new legislation related to corporate governance (CG). Initial evaluation by the World Bank three years later showed relatively modest implementation of the regulations. This thesis investigates the extent to which this has been adopted over the past ten years. Saudi business has become more globalized, and a more standardised approach to CG is naturally expected by international partners and investors who must themselves justify investment. This research expands the existing literature on CG by examining the progress of countries with developing economies and relatively weak or new histories of regulated CG. This thesis explores the extent and form of the uptake of the newest generation of CG regulations, the existing roadblocks and the general current attitudes to corporate governance in KSA, examining the extent of KSA company compliance with KSA corporate governance regulations, the reasons for non-compliance when that exists, and any relevant deficits in the 2006 legislation with respect to international best practice. This is investigated through the use of a series of interviews and surveys with major Saudi organizations, as well as analysis of secondary information. The mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative data analysis was selected as providing a means to generate both benchmarking data (i.e. quantitative) and further insight as to obstacles for further adoption (i.e. qualitative). As the basis for the investigation, questions are structured around four basic pillars of corporate governance: transparency; stakeholder value; responsibility; and fairness. This linkage of these factors with organisational structure, decision-making and the overall image of the firm within the industry is combined with an examination of how CG affects Saudi business expansion and investments, particularly in relation to how parties from other countries perceive the governance of a company. This perception of governance may condition their views concerning, for example, partnering with and investing in that company. The secondary data relates to The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA), Sanabil Investments and Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC). The qualitative data analysis was taken from interviews conducted from fifteen top managers of large-scale organisations. The quantitative data was collected from three organisations: Almarai, Saudi Aramco and Albaik. The overall results of the qualitative analysis and the secondary analysis showed that CG plays a vital role in business development. Quantitative analysis supported the idea that transparency, stakeholder value and corporate image are the main attributes of CG in a Saudi context, with statistical analysis indicating that both are essential to company access to private investment and market liquidity The overall findings indicate KSA’s need to improve its CG standards further, and taht whilst benchmarking of government-supported institutions such as SAMA and SABIC would be of assistance, the KSA government could play a pro-active role in encouraging businesses to expand best international corporate governance practices.

The topic of the master thesis is the role of insolvency administrator in bankruptcy and dischargeofdebts. The thesis defines the role of an insolvency administrator in an entire process of aninsolvency proceeding, from administrator nomination to the end of the procedure. The first part of thesis describes the historical development of the legislation of insol-vency proceeding and its characteristic. The second part of the thesis is focused on the figure of the insolvency administrator and administrator and his nomination together with the conditions, how to get the authorization to exercise this function. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the comparison of the legislation ofinsol-vency proceeding before the amendment of the Act about insolvency from 1. 1. 2014 and the recent way of proceeding. In this comparison I am focusing on analysis of terri-torial action of individual insolvency administrators. All the information I have found, I use in practice thanks to the company Alva s.r.o., which provided me all the documen-tation needed to find out, if all the insolvency administrators work in the same way or not, and if they work as they should. In the conclusion of my thesis there is a summary of all the facts I have found out.

In today’s working life both the physical and the psychosocial aspects has to be considered when examining the work environment. The psychosocial working environment is of great relevance because it illuminates the individual's perception and experience of relationships and phenomena at work. This essay aims to investigate, describe and analyze the obligation an employer has to pursue in order to tackle high short- term sickness absence and at the same time manage the psychosocial work environment at the workplace. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to acknowledge the European legislation on this subject matter in order to broaden the understanding of the comprehensiveness of the term psychosocial work environment and how applicable laws and guidelines apply in working life. The legal methodology has been used in order to answer the questions of this essay. The social perspective worked as a complement to the legal method in order to observe new problems and conduct more information in how to confront this issue at small scale enterprises. In conclusion this study deals with a complex situation where every case is unique. It is not possible to prevent all short-term sickness absence, but with the right preconditions and external assistance, employers can handle it without neglecting the psychosocial work environment. By securing a good psychosocial work environment even the smallest enterprises might be able to handle short- term sickness absence.

The purpose of the study was to explore and examine the roles and responsibilities of state councils related to planning, influencing, monitoring, and evaluating activities. These activities had been mandated by Congress for the improvement of services for the target population of the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 1975, Public Law 94-103. Forecast responses were sought to twelve questions that addressed issues relating to roles and responsibilities identified for the councils (a) in the law, (b) the regulations issued pursuant to enactment of the law, and (c) the program guidelines that covered operation of the program. Based upon the findings from the analysis of data in the study and feedback from the panel, implications and conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made. Five of the most important conclusions made were 1. A continuing trend in accountability is demonstrated by the increased emphasis on performance of councils, progress of clients, and effectiveness of service programs; 2. Evaluation activities are being seen from a broad scope and comprehensive viewpoint rather than on a narrow, localized scale; 3. Influencing activities for state councils may be approached from a practical as well as political viewpoint; 4. The voice of the consumer will be stronger in council affairs and service activities; 5. The role of the councils as a planning and coordinating body is finding acceptance.

This thesis deals with rights and responsibilities of nurses at performance of medical profession. The theoretical part summarizes basic terms regarding the given issue.The first aim of this thesis was to map fields of rights and responsibilities of nurses at performance of their medical profession. The second aim was to evaluate an area of respecting the rights and responsibilities of nurses at performance of medical profession. The next step was to determine five research questions processed in detail in the practical part of the thesis.For answering these research questions four hypotheses were determined. These were also processed in the practical part of the work.The research was done by qualitative quantitative method. Research for the qualitative part was done according to the structured interview by open questions. Research for the quantitative part was done by a method of enquiry using an anonymous questionnaire. Research set for the qualitative part consisted of head nurses of medical institutes of Southern and Western region of the Czech Republic. The results of the research of qualitative and quantitative part are processed in detail in a practical part of the thesis. The interviews carried out with respondents in the qualitative part were rewritten and every answer was subsequently processed into schemes for clear arrangement. The results of quantitative part were statistically elaborated in SPSS program into tables.Each hypothesis was statistically proved. The results of the research could help to reveal the gaps in the field of rights and responsibilities of nurses at performance of medical profession. They can be used not only by lead management of medical organization for motivation and support of nurses but also for quality improvement in the fields of rights and responsibilities of nurses and other medics.

This essay is focusing on the connection between insecure employment within temporary agency work and the psychological health in young adults and immigrants. Groups who are overrepresented as employees at the agencies. The employers responsibility for a safe work environment have also been analysed regarding the psychological health for the employees within temporary work agencies. Two questions have been answered to be able to investigate this; how the employers responsibility for a good organizational and psychological work environment meets the special needs of employees within temporary work agencies and how the psychological health in young adults and immigrants is affected by insecure employment. In this essay I used the jurisprudence method with focus on the doctrinal method since the written material is the main source of material which I connected to the sources of law. I have used both international and national law together with literature, reports, articles and electronic sources to give the essay an extensive ground to stand on. Finally, I reach the conclusion that the employers’ responsibility for a well-functioning organizational and psychological work environment for employees within temporary work agencies are inadequate. The explanation is that the general design of the contracts to which the employers and the customer companies enter into, usually makes the employers absent from the workplace which limit their ability to implement proper work adjustments for the employees.  Neither can the employer control which type of work that is available which makes it hard for the agency to make sure the employee can evolve within the job. The mutual responsibilities between the temporary work agency and the client company risk to put the employee in danger since some responsibilities easily can be neglected by both parties. When it comes to what kind of factors that have a negative effect on the young adults and immigrant’s psychological health because of insecure work I found that the main factors were; high expectations, few social relations to other employees and to not be able to control their own work. The factor of an insecure future was also found to have a negative effect.

Verksamheter idag bör identifiera ansvarsroller som innehar klart definierade ansvarsområden igenom hela utvecklingsprocessen, för att kunna hantera den ständigt föränderliga miljön IT-utvecklingen framkallar. I den här studien behandlas teoretiskt hur olika författare ser på ansvarsroller och ansvarsfördelning vid IT-investeringar. Därför har syftet med den här uppsatsen varit att identifiera, beskriva och jämföra olika teoretiska aspekter för ansvarsfördelning vid ITinvesteringar. Studien har fokuserat på applikationsinvesteringar men även infrastrukturinvesteringar berörs då författare specifikt tar upp detta i sin syn på ITinvesteringar. Studien är gjord med en kvalitativ metod och en explorativ, komparativ och konceptuellt analytisk ansats. För att ge läsaren en inledande bild av studieområdet har förhållandet mellan IS-arkitekturer, arkitekturfilosofier och ansvarsförhållanden beskrivits. Vi visar också hur ansvarsroller och ansvarsområden har förändrats över åren. I litteraturstudien har ansvarsroller och deras ansvarsområden enligt olika författares åsikter föreställts. Därefter följer en analys där identifierade roller från litteraturstudien har utmynnat i tre huvudroller; företagsledningen, IT-avdelningen och operativ ledning. Utifrån detta har sedan fyra synsätt utformats, där dessa huvudroller och deras ansvarsområden presenteras. Synsätten har skapats utifrån skillnader i författarnas åsikter angående ansvarsroller och ansvarsområden vid IT-investeringar. I vår slutsats har de största skillnaderna i synsätten identifierats. Dessa skillnader fokuserar på vem som är ansvarig för vad och vilka samarbeten som förekommer. Vi har även i denna litteraturstudie noterat att få av de medverkande författarna hanterar skillnader ansvarsroller och ansvarsområden vid olika typer av IT-investeringar. Detta har bland annat resulterat i att vi identifierat behovet av vidare studier av olika typer av IT-investeringar där synen på ansvar jämförs. En empirisk studie kan vara ett intressant komplement till denna studie, där denna studiens identifierade synsätt kan värderas och diskuteras. / The constantly changing environment, caused by the quick IT-development, affects today’s organizations and increases the importance of identifying roles of responsibility and clear areas of responsibilities for each role through the whole development process. This research paper has theoretically discussed how different authors look upon identification of roles of responsibilities and the assignment of responsibilities. The purpose of this report has therefore been to identify, describe and compare different theoretical aspects for assignment of responsibilities for IT-investments. This report focused on application investments but also infrastructural investments is mentioned since it is included in the researched theories. The report is written by a qualitative method with an explorative, a comparative, and conceptual analytical approach from a general point of view. In order to introduce the study area and increase the readers’ understanding a description of the relationship between IS-architectures, architecture philosophies and assignment responsibilities has been made. The report also gives a short presentation of the history roles of responsibility and their areas of responsibility. In section 4 in this report, the study of literature, the different authors’ theories of roles responsibility and areas of responsibilities are presented. In the following analysis three main roles and their areas of responsibilities are identified. Based upon the study literature, four approaches have been formulated where these main roles and their areas responsibilities are represented. The approaches have been created based upon differences in the authors’ opinions regarding assignment of responsibilities for IT-investments. In the conclusion the main differences of the approaches are presented. These differences focus on the roles and their responsibilities and the collaboration between different roles. In this research paper we noticed that not many of the authors separate the responsibility differences for different IT-investments in the study. One way to conduct further studies in this research area is to study the assignment of responsibilities for different IT-investments. An empirical study of how roles and responsibilities is managed by businesses today would also be a good way to conduct further studies. An empirical study would help estimate and discuss our identified approaches.

The thesis explores the impact of the new Children’s Act 38 of 2005 on the acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights within a newly proposed framework designed for the purpose of reflecting the various ways in which parental responsibilities and rights can be acquired. The research has shown that the Children’s Act has fundamentally transformed the way in which parental responsibilities and rights are acquired. The transformation has created a scheme for the acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights that is for the most part constitutionally compliant and progressive insofar as it gives recognition to the different family forms found in South Africa. To this end the Children’s Act has considerably expanded the ways in which parental responsibilities and rights can be acquired. Whereas previously exclusively the preserve of heterosexual married parents in a nuclear family, parental responsibilities and rights can now automatically be acquired by a committed biological father and a married lesbian couple conceiving by artificial means. Apart from authorising courts to assign parental responsibilities and rights, the Children’s Act allows any holder of parental responsibilities and rights to confer responsibilities and rights on another by prior approved agreement. The Act also includes specific provisions to regulate the acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights by commissioning parents in the case of a surrogate motherhood agreement. The structure developed for the research topic reflects the transformation of the law in this regard by making the application of the best interests-standard, rather than the marital status of the child’s parents, the distinguishing feature of the subdivision between automatic and assigned acquisition. In this way the structure is an embodiment of the paramountcy of the best interests principle in section 28(2) of the Constitution. Insofar as the law still requires a distinction to be made between biological mothers and fathers, on the one hand, and naturally and artificially conceived children, on the other, the structure also highlights the remaining shortcomings of the law in this regard. The structure is, furthermore, necessarily complicated by the need to distinguish between the acquisition of care, on the one hand, and guardianship, on the other. As far as fathers are still not treated the same as mothers in the automatic allocation of parental responsibilities and rights, the Act is deemed not to have been progressive enough. Conferring full parental responsibilities and rights on both parents based on their biological link to the child would not only be in line with worldwide trends, but would also meet the constitutional demands of substantive sex and gender equality. It will further place the focus on the best interests of the child, which emphasises the importance of both parents for the child. While the research shows that tensions between the biological and social constructs of parenthood may possibly hamper the legal recognition of de facto care-givers or other persons with whom the child has developed a psychological bond, the greatest weakness of the Act would seem to lie in the failure to implement an integrated family court structure. Please cite as follows: Louw, AS 2009, Acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewedyymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102009-170707/ > Copyright / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Private Law / unrestricted

This dissertation deals with the Corporate Social Responsibily and highlights the importace of evaluation of CSR activities. I have chosen T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s. as an example of a socially responsible company. I evaluate one of its CSR activities by LBG methodology. Based on the analysis contained in this dissertation TMCZ can be considered as a socially responsible company. Its CSR activities are not only beneficial for the community, but also for the company itself. The purpose of this disertation is to stimulate creation CSR annual report in TMCZ and point out the importace of close monitoring of supported projects, so that it would be possible to find out the efficiency of invested resources.

Le pharmacien d’officine, personnage central du système pharmaceutique français, assure la distribution au détail des médicaments et d’autres produits de santé au public. Au cours de ces dernières années, le pharmacien a vu ces obligations professionnelles s’accroître en raison des exigences de la demande sociale à son égard, en termes de contraintes sanitaires mais aussi administratives ou comptables ; des contingences légales et réglementaires nouvelles ont été mises en balance avec le monopole pharmaceutique qui lui est octroyé, depuis la production jusqu’à la mise à disposition du médicament en ville. Dans le cadre de son activité, le pharmacien d’officine encourt ainsi des responsabilités juridiques variées et complexes, qui ont sensiblement évolués ces dernières années. L’engagement juridictionnelle judiciaire (civil et pénal) et/ou administratif (disciplinaire), ou non juridictionnelle, de ces responsabilités vise à apporter une réponse, par une indemnisation et/ou une sanction, lorsqu’un fait dommageable et/ou répréhensible a causé un trouble social et/ou un préjudice à une victime. Si la victime peut naturellement être un client de l’officine, il peut également s’agir d’un autre professionnel de santé, d’un organisme de l’Assurance maladie, d’une institution sanitaire, ou d’un cocontractant fournisseur ou acheteur professionnel de produits de santé. / The evolution of modern society leads each of us to be more exposed to suffer damage or harm as well in privacy that of work relations. The ambulatory pharmacist, central character of the french pharmaceutical system, distributes retail drugs and other products of health to the public. In recent years, the pharmacist saw these professional obligations increase because of the requirements of the social demand for it, in terms of health but also administrative or accounting constraints; regulatory news and legal contingencies were put in balance of pharmaceutical monopoly which it is granted, from production to the availability of the drug in the city. In its activity, the pharmacist is thus liable to legal responsibilities varied and complex, which have significantly advanced in recent years. When a fact injurious or objectionable has caused social disorder or injury to a victim, the responsibilities of the pharmacist may be sought in the courts (civil, criminal or disciplinary). If the victim can naturally be a client of the pharmacy, it may also be other health insurance professional, of a health institution, or a contractor provider or professional buyer product.