The topic of what HRM (Human Resource Management) responsibilities are devolved from the HRM department to line managers has attracted much interest in recent years. We report findings from a study on the devolution of HRM practices in four POCs (Project-Oriented Companies) and argue that although HRM practices are carried out beyond the HRM department, they are also carried out beyond the line. While the literature on devolving HRM responsibilities to line management is burgeoning, the HRM responsibilities of managers beyond the line organization are neglected. We make two contributions to the literature. Firstly, our study reveals that some HRM practices are the domain of the project manager rather than either the line manager or the HRM department. The complex interplay of the roles of the HRM department, line management and project management creates challenges and pitfalls where people are managed across the boundaries of the permanent and temporary organization. We identify a potentially powerful role for the HRM department in both monitoring and guiding the different players from the line and project organizations, and in protecting the well-being of employees whose work traverses these organizational boundaries. Our second contribution is that we map the diversity of practices in different POCs for managing the interplay between the three main parties delivering HRM practices and offer project-orientation as a contextual indicator that contributes to diversity in HRM practices.

The driving force for this study was firstly to gain insight into young children's understanding of their rights and responsibilities in democratic South Africa. Secondly, to identify whether the participating learners were educated about and had insight into their rights and responsibilities. Thirdly, I explored gaps in participating learners' knowledge of their rights and responsibilities and determined areas that can be improved by the education policy and practice related to children's rights. The main purpose of this research was to contribute to the growing body of knowledge and in so doing, improve the education of the young child in general. The aim of this research was to assist and guide educators and all adults working with children on all levels to transform education related to the rights and responsibility of the young child. Fourthly, I to give children a voice in society. Empowering them with knowledge could ultimately assist adults working with children to raise strong, well-adjusted learners through knowing and understanding their rights. It was imperative for this study that I closely listen to and heard the participant children's voices. Giving children the opportunity to be heard empowers them to be participating citizens rather than being passive and reliant on others. The right to be heard can be referred to as a self-improving or self-regulating right. Children are knowledgeable regarding their own lives and their rights to self-expression, citizenship and their sense to fit in. Being knowledgeable makes children experts in their life-world. This is why it is very important to know how the South African child understands his or her rights and responsibilities. South Africa became a democracy in 1994. The children in this study live in South Africa and were born into the democracy of South Africa. The participant children were accustomed to living in democratic South Africa and voiced their opinions contextually and accordingly. This research design is of a qualitative nature, utilising case study as a method and took place in the natural environment of the participants where data was collected. Multiple case studies were utilised and viewed from an interpretivist perspective. This enabled the researcher to provide a construct of young children's understanding of their rights and responsibilities in democratic South Africa. The research context was the school grounds as well as the classroom of the participants. Data concerning the understanding that young children have of their rights and responsibilities was gathered through observations, interviews, discussions, artefacts made by the participants, photographs taken by the participants, stories and narratives in the form of text written by the participants and analysed by the researcher. The analysis of visual artefacts was instrumental in gathering data for this study. Data gathering took place in a Grade 3 classroom. The 17 research participants for this study were selected via convenience sampling. I examined the data collected to find and discover young learners' perceptions of their rights and responsibilities. I chose an independent school where the participants had diverse backgrounds regarding language, ability, socio-economic background, race and religion. This independent school had a high standard of education. According to the UNCRC children's ages ranges from birth to 18 years of age. The general age of Grade 3 children is nine years. This is right in the centre of childhood and therefore considered it an appropriate age to obtain an understanding of what the child has come to know and understand as his or her rights and responsibilities. A conceptual framework was developed during this study for children's rights and responsibility. By combining the social constructivist theory, the three p's and the ladder of participation, it assisted me in understanding the phenomenon under study. My findings are that the participant children had a certain amount of insight and possessed promising potential in participating. However, misperceptions occur and inadequate knowledge disappoints children to participate at their full potential. Rights education is crucial, as it will assist our children to understand their rights more clearly in order to become future citizens that will have the ability to participate in democratic processes. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Early Childhood Education / MEd / Unrestricted

According to the traditional gender structures the man is seen as the breadwinner and the woman as the housewife. These traditional patterns are slowly being replaced by more equal relationships and today, women are a natural part of the workforce. It is becoming increasingly common nowadays for women in relationships to have a higher income than their partners. Previous research from the United States points out that the connection between the role as family provider and masculinity is still up to date. In this study the man’s experiences about not being the breadwinner is accordingly investigated. Questions about the division of labour in the home, equality in the relationship and how the man experiences the change of the traditional gender structures is in focus. This qualitative study finds its result based on six swedish male respondents experiences concerning not being the main wage earners. The result of the study indicate that these men is actively striving towards an equal daily life as it seems to be the ideal in Sweden. The interviewed men describe that they do not attach significant importance regarding them not being the breadwinner, but shades of strategies that are used to maintain parts of the traditional masculinity can however be interpreted. Keywords: / Enligt de traditionella könsstrukturerna så ses mannen som familjeförsörjaren och kvinnan ses som hemmafrun. Dessa traditionella mönster ersätts sakta men säkert av mer jämställda relationer och idag är kvinnor en naturlig del av arbetskraften. Det blir numer allt vanligare att kvinnan i relationer har en högre inkomst än sin partner. Tidigare forskning från USA poängterar att kopplingen mellan rollen som familjeförsörjare och manlighet fortfarande är aktuell. I denna studie undersöks därmed mannens upplevelser av att inte vara den huvudsakliga inkomsttagaren. Frågor gällande arbetsfördelningen i hemmet, jämställdhet i relationen och hur mannen upplever förändringen av de traditionella könsstrukturerna står i centrum. Denna kvalitativa studie finner sitt resultat baserat på sex svenska manliga intervjupersoners upplevelser angående att inte vara den huvudsakliga inkomsttagaren. Studiens resultat tyder på att dessa män aktivt strävar efter att leva ett jämställt vardagsliv då det tycks vara idealet i Sverige. De intervjuade männen beskriver att de inte fäster någon större betydelse vid att de inte är huvudinkomsttagaren, däremot kan nyanser uttydas av att strategier trots allt används för att bibehålla delar av den traditionella manligheten.

The aim of this dissertation is to establish if the unmarried father has been placed in a better position regarding his rights to his child with the advent of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. Prior to the commencement of the Children’s Act a number of different sets of legislation encompassed the unmarried father’s position. The unmarried father could not automatically acquire any rights to his child and had to prove that it would be in the child’s best interests to be allowed contact. The study was done on the basis of an analysis of the interaction of the unmarried father’s rights with the child’s rights, as well as the interaction of their rights with the Constitution. An analysis was also made of the manner in which the Bill of Rights in the Constitution should be applied with respect to the relationship between parents, their children and the state. From the study it was found that the unmarried father’s rights interlink closely with those of his child and the state. It was established that the Bill of Rights must be applied both horizontally and vertically and that the primary duty rests on the parents and only passes to the state if the parents are unable to perform their primary duties to the child. It was further established from the study that a limitation on the parent’s right to equality is only justified in terms of section 36 of the Constitution by the child’s overriding right to have meaningful relationships with both parents. A comparison was made with the relevant legislation of some African and non-African countries to establish if South Africa could learn something from their child law legislation. An analysis was also done of those sections of the Children’s Act that interact with section 21. From this analysis it was clear that many sections and phrases in the Children’s Act are unclear, undefined and open to interpretation. In this regard certain amendments to the Children’s Act are suggested in the study. It is submitted in this study that even though the Children’s Act codified legislation pertaining to children and the unmarried father may acquire parental responsibilities and rights, the improved position is superficial and subject to obstacles. The unmarried father needs to fullfil certain requirements in order to acquire his parental responsibilities and rights, as provided for in section 21(1). One of the main problems of this section is that it does not provide for any form of proof to be provided to the unmarried father to confirm or indicate that he has acquired responsibilities and rights. Even though the mother has these rights simply because of her biological link to the child, she is hardly ever placed in the position where her parental responsibilities and rights are questioned by third parties. This is not the position with the unmarried father. He is firstly placed in a disadvantaged position because he has no way to show that he is the holder of rights and secondly he is being discriminated against, simply because he is placed in this position. It was concluded in this study that despite the improved position of unmarried fathers, their position has only prima facie improved and they really should be placed in the same position as mothers. It is submitted that if the same rights mothers have are also afforded to unmarried fathers, it would be to the benefit of their children and their right to parental care and family life. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Private Law / unrestricted

This study aimed to investigate and describe the School Management Team (SMT) members' understanding of their duties as stipulated in the Personnel Administration Measures (PAM, 1998). A qualitative research approach was used to investigate SMT members' understanding of their duties within school management teams. Principals of three purposively selected Secondary Schools, in the Sepitsi circuit of the Lebowakgomo District of the Limpopo Province of South Africa, acted as participants for this study, together with two purposively selected members of their school's SMT. Each participant was interviewed, using a semi-structured interview. The study was framed by a conceptual framework made up of concepts gleaned from distributed leadership theory, together with the core duties of SMT members as stipulated in the PAM (1998). The main findings of this study are that most principals still have a problem regarding the concept of working as a team and that although participants have access to the PAM document, many have not read it and therefore do not know what their roles on the SMT require. This causes conflict and disunity among SMT members, with a negative impact on leadership and management effectiveness. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

Byggsektorn är en av de äldsta projektbaserade industrierna i vår tid. I byggprojekt skapas och delas en stor mängd information, ofta i form av bygghandlingar som är juridiskt bindande dokument vilka ligger till grund för utförandet av byggnadsverk. Det kan vara oklart vem som ska läsa vilka handlingar, vem som ansvarar för att handlingarna blir lästa, att handlingarna blivit förstådda, efterföljda och hur informationen vidarebefordras på arbetsplatsen. Det är många parametrar som spelar roll för att hanteringen av bygghandlingarna skall fungera bra, så som ansvarsfördelning, kommunikation etc. Målet med studien var att kartlägga och besvara frågan om hur STRABAG Sveriges hantering av bygghandlingar fungerar. Då STRABAG Sverige är ett typiskt exempel på en byggentreprenör anser författarna att resultatet kan generaliseras. Två fallstudier gjordes på två av STRABAG Sveriges entreprenader. Författarna till rapporten har utgått från en kvalitativ metod i observationen av entreprenaderna. Författarna genomförde sin faktainsamling genom kvalitativa intervjuer med den personalen ur produktionsledningen författarna valt ut. Detta för att få svar på sin frågeställning. Det visade sig under arbetets gång att hanteringen av bygghandlingar är beroende av många parametrar. Några av de problem som kartlades var exempelvis vid uppstart av projekt , där rutinerna inte helt följts och skapat problem med hanteringen av bygghandlingar. Några andra exempel på kartlagda problem är också bristfälliga distrubitionslistor, introduktionen av ny personal och den interna kommunikationen. De kartlagda problemen analyserades med den litterärateori som tagits fram och slutsatser utifrån detta gjordes.  Slutligen gjordes några rekommendationer till STRABAG Sverige för hur de enligt författarna kan reducera de uppmärksammade problemen och där igenom förbättra sin hantering av bygghandlingar. / The construction industry is one of the oldest project-based industries of our time. In construction projects a lot of information is created and distributed, often as construction documents which are legally binding documents which form the basis for the execution of a building. It may be unclear who will read the documents, who’s responsible that documents gets read, that the documents have been understood and executed and how the information is forwarded in the workplace. There are many parameters that are important for managing construction documents, such as accountability, communication, etc. The aim of this study was to identify and answer the question set by the authors. How does STRABAG Sveriges construction document managing work? Since STRABAG Sverige is a typical Swedish contractor the authors consider that the result can be generalized in the sector.  Two case studies were carried out at two of STRABAG Sveriges projects. The authors of the report used a qualitative approach in their observation of the projects. The authors conducted their data collection through qualitative interviews with the leading production staff that the authors selected. This was done to answer their thesis. Throughout the project it became clear that the managing of construction documents is connected to a lot of different parameters. Some of the problems that were determined were for example the start of the buildingprojects, where the routines weren’t properly carried out. Some other examples of problems were insufficient distribution lists, the introduction of new personnel and intern communication. The problems that were determined were analysed in comparison with the theory from literature and conclusions were made out of this material. Thus, STRABAG Sverige received recommendations from the authors about how to improve their management of the construction documents.

The beginning of the 20th century was an epoch when new industries were established, migration to the cities were increasing, the service sector was growing, and with an increased middle class. Many of the new developments were endeavors, which we today would call projects. The purpose of this thesis is to extend our knowledge about projects during the 1920s, particularly how they were managed and how different persons took on roles and responsibilities to accomplish something they believed in. One such project was Stockholm Concert Hall (1923–1926). The project was managed by the architect Ivar Tengbom, who was the project manager. There have not been any previous studies of the concert hall as a project. Previous research of projects in the past are few and then mostly from the 1940s and 50s. The thesis covers the management of the project and the different roles and associated responsibilities. The main theories are Bourdieu’s Theory of Fields and current project management theories. One of the findings is that just four men with economic, social, and cultural capital dominated the total project process. The project is considered a success; the concert hall is still appreciated.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to make a survey of virtual leadership. Theresults are expected to serve as a tool for leaders that switch into virtualleadership.Method: A qualitative study with a deductive method approach. The primarysources of data collection are produced through semi-structuredinterviews.Conclusion: The study has resulted in that in order to achieve successful virtualleadership, the virtual distance must be reduced, that is, the feeling that weare separated from each other. To reduce a perceived virtual distance,functional tools such as communication and division of responsibilities arerequired. Through these tools, an increased trust and belonging will beachieved, which reduces the virtual distance. Based on the situation andthe individual, the collaboration between the various tools has not alwaysbeen important, but instead finding a balance where the leader becomesaware of what is most applicable.

A significant percentage of undocumented immigrants who come to the United States include women suffering from trauma and abuse. In Southwest Texas, many immigrant women begin their stay in the United States, as residents of an immigration Residential Detainment Center (RDC). Social workers in RDCs are challenged to understand their roles and responsibilities in treating the mental health need of these women. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of social workers, in RDCs, regarding their roles and responsibilities in meeting the mental health needs of immigrant women with a history of personal trauma. Using action research methodology, 3 focus group discussions were conducted with 4 licensed clinical social workers (LCSW) who had experience working with immigrant women with histories of trauma and abuse, living in RDCs. The theoretical concept of ecosystems undergirded the analysis of the data collected from focus groups and explored the themes related to roles and responsibilities, types of trauma, aftercare, services, and social, political, and structural barriers. The outcomes of this research study suggested LCSW social workers recognized a need to expand service provisions beyond the walls of the RDC by helping immigrant women connect with community resources that will aid in their settlement in the United States, if granted asylum. When considering positive social change, the social workers considered how their intervention could affect access to goods and services, as well as the utilization of community mental health resources for the immigrant women, with histories of trauma and abuse, and their families.

Palliativ vård syftar till att främja livskvalitet för personer med livshotande sjukdom och deras närstående. Patientens fysiska, psykosociala och andliga problem ska lindras. Dessutom ska närstående stöttas genom sjukdomstiden och det sorgearbete som följer. Den palliativa vården vilar på de fyra hörnstenarna symtomlindring, kommunikation, teamarbete och närstående. Närstående har en naturlig roll inom den palliativa vården och deras behov ska uppmärksammas. EAPC’s definition av palliativ sedering beskriver en kontrollerad sänkning av medvetandet för att lindra svårbehandlade symtom. Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde vid palliativ sedering innebär bland annat att värna patientens välbefinnande men även att informera och stötta närstående under döendeprocessen. Kunskap om hur närståendes erfarenheter vid palliativ sedering behövs för att deras behov ska kunna synliggöras och tillmötesgås.       Syftet med denna studie var att belysa närståendes erfarenheter av palliativ sedering inom palliativ vård. Metoden som valdes var systematisk litteraturstudie. Inklusionskriterierna var att artiklarna skulle vara peer reviewed, skrivna på engelska och inte äldre än 15 år Litteratursökningar i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO och MEDLINE resulterade i 12 inkluderade artiklar, samtliga etiskt godkända och kvalitetsgranskade. Data analyserades sedan med innehållsanalys.   Resultatet består av de fyra kategorierna symtomlindring, kommunikation, teamarbete och närstående. Närstående upplevde själva lindring då patientens lidande lindrades. De plågades av det faktum att de inte längre kunde kommunicera med patienten efter att sedering påbörjats. Även om de samtyckt till den palliativa sederingen funderade de i efterhand på vem den gynnat. Den emotionella påverkan hos närstående var stor och de upplevde mycket oro.   Slutsatsen av denna studie är att de flesta närstående är nöjda med den palliativa sederingen men situationen är mycket påfrestande för dem. De tar svåra beslut och upplever mycket oro och lidande. Kommunikation med och stöd från vårdpersonal är därför viktigt. Sårbara närstående bör identifieras och erbjudas ytterligare stöd. / Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life for people with terminal diseases and their relatives. Physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems of the patient shall be prevented and relieved. Additionally, relatives should be supported throughout the illness and the mourning that follows. Palliative care rests upon the four cornerstones symptom relief, communication, team work and relatives. Relatives have a natural role within palliative care and their needs should be payed attention to. EAPC’s definition of palliative sedation describes a controlled decrease of consciousness to relieve intractable symptoms. The nurses responsibility during palliative sedation includes protecting the patients well-being, as well as informing and supporting relatives during the dying process. Knowledge about relatives’ experiences during palliativ sedation is required in order for their needs to be made visible and accomodated.    The aim of this study was to illuminate the relatives’ experiences of palliative sedation within palliative care.    The systematic review method that was utilized in this study. The inclusion criterion was that the articles were to be peer reviewed, written in English and not more than 15 years old. The serches for articles were conducted in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and MEDLINE. It resulted in 12 included studies, all of which had an ethical approval and were quality controlled. Data was then analyzed with content analysis.   The result consists of the four categories symptom relief, communication, team work and relatives. Relatives experienced relief when the patiens suffering was alleviated. They suffered because they could no longer communicate with the patient after sedation had started. Even though they had given their consent to the palliative sedation, afterward they thought about who it had favoured. The emotional impact on the relatives was great and they experienced a lot of anxiety.   In conclusion, most relatives are pleased with the palliative sedation but the situation is very distressing for them. They make difficult decisions and experience a lot of anxiety and suffering. The communication with and support from health professionals is therefor vital. Vulnerable relatives should be identified and offered additional support.