Bakgrund: Penningtvätt har under de senaste åren ökat och fått mycket uppmärksamhet. Nya lagar och regleringar med syfte att förebygga och bekämpa penningtvätt har tagits fram. För att uppnå målen har ett flertal organisationer skapats på nationell och international nivå. Flera tillsynsmyndigheter har fått uppdraget att medverka i bekämpning av penningtvätt. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka revisorns förhållnings- sätt till lagen om penningtvätt. Studien syftar även till att redogöra för revisorns ansvar gentemot penningtvättslagen samt framhålla vad begreppet kundkännedom innebär för revisorn i förhållande till lagen. Metod: För att uppnå studiens syfte har denna undersökning använt sig av den kvalitativa metoden. Intervjuformen som tillämpas är semi-strukturerad och studiens urval är ett icke-sannolikhetsurval. Undersökningens oberoende variabler är penningtvättslagen, revisorns ansvar och kundkännedom. Resultat: Studien visar att penningtvättslagen inte i någon större uträckning påverkat revisorns förhållningssätt. Gällande revisorns ansvar i förhållande till lagen anses lagen tämligen verkningslös ur ett brottsbekämpande perspektiv men kan ha positiv verkan ur ett brottsförebyggande syfte. Slutligen visar studien att ett effektivt sätt att motverka penningtvätt är att ha en god relation till klienten. / Background: Money laundering has increased particularly in recent years and received much attention. New laws and regulations with the aim of preventing and combating money laundering have been introduced. To prevent and fight money laundering organizations have been created on international levels. On national levels different official regulators have received assignments to participate against money laundering. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the auditors' approach to the law of money laundering. The study will also explain the auditor's liability to the anti money laundering act and emphasize what the concept of customer due diligence means for the auditor in relation to the law. Method: In order to achieve the purpose of the study this survey uses the qualitative method. The interview shape applied is semi-structured with a non-probability selection. The independent variables of the study are the laundering act, the auditors' responsibility and costumer due diligence. Conclusion: The study shows that the money laundering act not has affected the auditors' approach to any greater extent. Regarding the auditors' responsibility the law is considerable ineffective from a law enforcement perspective but can deliver positive results from a law enforcement purposes. Finally, the study shows that an effective way to prevent money laundering is to have a good relationship with the client.

The establishment of effective relationships is fundamental to good nursing practice and the fulfillment of nurses’ moral responsibilities. While intrapartum nurses are uniquely placed to establish relationships that can directly influence the woman’s experience of childbirth, there has been limited investigation of the relationships, identities and values that underlie nurses’ varied approaches and responses to labouring women. The purpose of this study was to explore intrapartum nurses’ understanding of their moral responsibilities from a social-moral perspective, using Margaret Urban Walker’s “expressive-collaborative” model of morality. Interviews were conducted with fourteen registered nurses working in a birthing unit of a Canadian teaching hospital. Four themes were identified that captured nurses’ moral responsibilities, including: organizing and coordinating care, responding to the unpredictable, recognizing limits of responsibilities to others, and negotiating care with women and families. Nurses enacted their moral responsibilities to labouring women in a variety of ways depending on their personal and professional experience, the circumstances, the people involved and the context of care. A key factor influencing responses to women was the degree to which understandings and expectations related to birth were deemed to be reasonable and mutually agreed upon among nurses, physicians, women and their families. Nurses also described limits on their responsibilities to others. Their choice of response to circumstances in which practice was constrained departed from the idealized expectations and ‘expert’ practices often reflected in professional guidelines. While nurses were able to identify contextual influences that constrained their ability to maintain effective relationships with women, the influence of their own values on the care they provided was less apparent. This suggests a need to challenge normative assumptions related to care of women in childbirth, including the provision of choice and family centred care, in order to create environments that can support and sustain practices that build understanding, mutuality and trust between nurses and birthing woman. In addition, given the contested nature of childbirth and the lack of shared understandings of what constitutes ‘best’ care, there is a need to develop collaborative models of inter-professional maternity care that include the voices of women as a central component.

This study argued that the issue of non-state actors requires a comprehensive response that includes the recognition of both non-binding and binding human rights obligations of these actors. It examined critically the emerging norms on voluntary obligations, state responsibility, and direct responsibility of these actors with regard to human rights at both international and domestic levels.

[Abstract]: Learner autonomy in language learning has been described as the ability to take charge of one’s own learning by determining the objectives, defining the contents and progressions, selecting methods and techniques to be used, monitoring the procedure of acquisition and evaluating what has been acquired (Holec, 1979). Few would doubt that learner autonomy in language learning is a positive thing and can lead to learners who are more proficient in the target language. These sentiments are echoed in many language programs, which have as their explicitly stated goal the development of autonomous, self-directed learners. This project is a pilot study with the aim of investigating one such program: the Languages Other Than English (LOTE) (Indonesian) program at a regional public high school.Taking a collective case study approach this investigation sought to determine two LOTE (Indonesian) learners’ and their teacher’s beliefs about roles and responsibilities in the language learning process and how these beliefs are translated into their teaching and learning behaviour. Prior to any interventions aimed at facilitating the transfer of responsibility for the management of the learning process from the teacher to the learner, it is essential to access learners’ and teachers’ beliefs and attitudes as these have a profound impact on their learning and teaching behaviour and erroneous beliefs may lead to less effective approaches to learning, ultimately impacting on learners’ success in language learning (Horwitz, 1987).The data, collected through structured interviews and classroom observations, suggest that the subjects simultaneously exhibit characteristics consistent with and in contradiction to the profiles of autonomous learners and of a teacher who engages in pedagogy aimed at the development of autonomous learners. The two LOTE learners’ beliefs, and their learning behaviour, suggest that they defer responsibility to the teacher for the technical aspects of their learning, such as identifying learning objectives and topics, selecting learning activities and resources. On the other hand, through their expressed beliefs, and from the observed lessons, it appears that the two learners accept some level responsibility for reflecting and evaluating their learning and fully accept responsibility for maintaining their interest and motivations in learning the LOTE. While the LOTE learners defer responsibility for the technical aspects of their learning to their LOTE teacher, the LOTE teacher herself defers responsibility to the LOTE syllabus. However, the LOTE teacher was observediiiworking with learners, helping them to evaluate and reflect upon their learning and maintaining their interest and motivation in learning the LOTE.Recommendations for pedagogy to promote the development of learner autonomy and further research are presented.

[Abstract]: Learner autonomy in language learning has been described as the ability to take charge of one’s own learning by determining the objectives, defining the contents and progressions, selecting methods and techniques to be used, monitoring the procedure of acquisition and evaluating what has been acquired (Holec, 1979). Few would doubt that learner autonomy in language learning is a positive thing and can lead to learners who are more proficient in the target language. These sentiments are echoed in many language programs, which have as their explicitly stated goal the development of autonomous, self-directed learners. This project is a pilot study with the aim of investigating one such program: the Languages Other Than English (LOTE) (Indonesian) program at a regional public high school.Taking a collective case study approach this investigation sought to determine two LOTE (Indonesian) learners’ and their teacher’s beliefs about roles and responsibilities in the language learning process and how these beliefs are translated into their teaching and learning behaviour. Prior to any interventions aimed at facilitating the transfer of responsibility for the management of the learning process from the teacher to the learner, it is essential to access learners’ and teachers’ beliefs and attitudes as these have a profound impact on their learning and teaching behaviour and erroneous beliefs may lead to less effective approaches to learning, ultimately impacting on learners’ success in language learning (Horwitz, 1987).The data, collected through structured interviews and classroom observations, suggest that the subjects simultaneously exhibit characteristics consistent with and in contradiction to the profiles of autonomous learners and of a teacher who engages in pedagogy aimed at the development of autonomous learners. The two LOTE learners’ beliefs, and their learning behaviour, suggest that they defer responsibility to the teacher for the technical aspects of their learning, such as identifying learning objectives and topics, selecting learning activities and resources. On the other hand, through their expressed beliefs, and from the observed lessons, it appears that the two learners accept some level responsibility for reflecting and evaluating their learning and fully accept responsibility for maintaining their interest and motivations in learning the LOTE. While the LOTE learners defer responsibility for the technical aspects of their learning to their LOTE teacher, the LOTE teacher herself defers responsibility to the LOTE syllabus. However, the LOTE teacher was observediiiworking with learners, helping them to evaluate and reflect upon their learning and maintaining their interest and motivation in learning the LOTE.Recommendations for pedagogy to promote the development of learner autonomy and further research are presented.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - Mpharm / Community pharmacies are popular suppliers of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and pharmacists encounter requests from consumers for information on them. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which community pharmacists, and final year pharmacy students at the University of the Western Cape, can meet their professional obligations to advise on CAMs.

This research evaluates the potential challenges to a total eradication of child trafficking in Nigeria. The magnitude of the problem, as well as its despicable nature, triggered increasing legislations in Nigeria in recent years. This research shows that despite the remarkable efforts in term of law and policy approaches the problem appears to persist. The objective of the research is to demonstrate that law and policies approaches to addressing the issue are not proving effective. It appears that several socio-cultural issues related to child trafficking remain unaddressed. Despite the wealth of knowledge in relation to the topic there is a gap in literature. Indeed the existing gap in literature regarding child trafficking in Nigeria is evidenced by the fact that no adequate way forward has been indicated to overcome the phenomenon. In an attempt to fil the existing gap this research inquires whether the non-achievement of goals in combatting child trafficking is imputable to the lack of toughness in the spirit of the laws and policies or the lack of efficacy due to ineffective implementation and enforcement. By proving the appropriate answers to these crucial questions the research may not only fil the existing gap in literature by also offer the adequate approach to be taken by law and policy makers and other stakeholders in the fight against child trafficking to overcome the problem. The approach taken in conducting this research is textual analysis or doctrinal analysis and deconstruction of the enforcement mechanisms of human trafficking laws and policies in Nigeria in general. However Nigeria has sufficiently domesticated international human trafficking legislation and Human Rights instruments, the issue of enforcement remains a crucial element in achieving the ultimate goal of total eradication. Where such prospect appears unattainable, it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to combatting child trafficking in order to achieve the ultimate goal of total eradication.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Gil Rios.pdf: 615198 bytes, checksum: 8c834d6f0ed8a2158d417d20f47910a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-22 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Advertising, being the Company's form of communication directed to potential consumers, has constitutional protection. However, in the same hierarchical level there are consumer s protective rules. Advertisers, as competitors among themselves, often gather in order to address initiatives that anticipate possible restrictions on the liberty of media transmission and dissemination, as well as to unify postures, as occurred with the Advertising Self- Regulation. Although there is agreement among those disputing a slice of the market, naturally there are ordinary legislation that reinforces the need for veracity of information content and fulfillment of what was promised. The creation process is not done individually by the advertiser, but for those with technical skills to do so and, therefore, have responsibilities for implementation of their work and their performance. If from one standpoint rights and guarantees are granted to potential consumers, on the other it will also be the consumer's duty to act with responsability, including with regard to the observation of informations and mode of utilization of what intend to acquire. The harmonization of all these rights but not the overlapping of one over the other is the objective of various entities that deal with consumer relations and it is indeed the more accurate guideline in a democratic state. / A publicidade, por ser forma de comunicação da empresa direcionada a potenciais consumidores, possui proteção constitucional. Porém, em mesmo nível hierárquico encontram-se as normas protetivas ao consumidor. Os anunciantes, concorrentes entre si, muitas vezes se unem a fim de tratarem iniciativas que antecipem eventuais restrições à liberdade de veiculação e divulgação em mídia, bem como para a uniformização de posturas, como ocorrido com a Autorregulamentação Publicitária. Embora exista acordo entre aqueles que disputam uma fatia do mercado, naturalmente há legislação ordinária que reforça a necessidade da veracidade do conteúdo informativo e cumprimento daquilo que foi prometido. O processo de criação não é realizado individualmente pelo anunciante e sim por aqueles que possuem conhecimento técnico para tanto e que, por conseguinte, possuem responsabilidades pela execução de suas obras e atuação. Se de um lado são atribuídos direitos e garantias ao potencial consumidor, por outro, caberá a este também cabe agir de forma responsável, inclusive observando informações e modo de utilização daquilo que pretende adquirir. A harmonização de todos esses direitos e não a sobreposição de um em detrimento ao outro é o que se objetiva pelas mais diversas entidades que tratam das relações de consumo e se faz diretriz mais acertada em um Estado Democrático de Direito.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan ansågs tidigare vara assistent till läkaren men har idag en egen profession med omvårdnadsansvar. Patienter och anhöriga vänder sig till sjuksköterskan för att få stöd och förtydligande av informationen som just mottagits av läkaren. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av ansvar efter att patient mottagit ett svårt besked i form av diagnosrelaterad information. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2017) där nio artiklar med kvalitativ ansats, tre artiklar med kvantitativ ansats och två artiklar med mixad metod analyserats. Resultat: Sjuksköterskan vill ta ansvar då patienten fått svåra besked men kan uppleva sig utesluten genom bland annat bristande kommunikation med läkaren. Trots detta tar sjuksköterskan ansvar när patienten inte förstått beskedet och ser till att patienten får mer information och säkerställer att patienten förstår vad det innebär. Sjuksköterskan blir engagerad i relationen med patienten och kan själv bli emotionellt påverkad när patienten mottar svåra besked. Sjuksköterskor med längre erfarenhet i yrket upplever sig mer trygga i sitt ansvar då patienten mottagit svåra besked. Slutsats: Genom att synliggöra sjuksköterskans ansvar vid svåra besked och när sjuksköterskan är medveten om vad ansvaret innebär och får utrymme att ta ansvaret, minskar risken för att patienten blir övergiven i lidandet. / Background: The nurse has gone from being seen as an assistant to the doctor, to having their own profession with the main responsibility for nursing. Patients and their relatives turn to the nurse for comfort and more information after the doctor has delivered bad news. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of responsibility after a patient receives bad news related to diagnosis. Method: A general literature review. Results: The nurse wants to take responsibility but due to lack of communication gets inhibited. Despite that the nurse take responsibility and makes sure that the patient gets more information when needed. The nurse also takes responsibility for the patient by being there for them with support. The nurse engages in the relationship with the patient and can therefore get emotionally affected by the bad news the patient receives. Nurses whom have more experience clearly feel more confident with the responsibility that occurs when the patient receives bad news. Conclusion: By highlighting the nurses' responsibilities it could be more valued in a broader perspective and when the nurse is aware of the responsibility for caring, it decreases the risk of abandonment for the patient.

Doctor Legum - LLD / This study argued that the issue of non-state actors requires a comprehensive response that includes the recognition of both non-binding and binding human rights obligations of these actors. It examined critically the emerging norms on voluntary obligations, state responsibility, and direct responsibility of these actors with regard to human rights at both international and domestic levels. / South Africa