Mega projects are in most cases considered as the necessary evil of development. Before their benefits can be reaped, a lot of sacrifices and tough choices have to be made. The fear and uncertainties surrounding such projects range from the impacts on the local people, on the environment, the costs of investment, and to, if the project will deliver the promised benefits. Because of these fears and uncertainties, it is not unusual that most if not all such projects meet a lot of critics and resistance before their success or failures are witnessed. Today, it is more of a requirement than a belief (although without a guarantee) that stakeholders’ involvement and their active participation in all decision-making process concerning a project is the surest way of minimizing conflicts and ensuring justice. The Bujagali hydropower project being an example of such projects and without immunity to the problems faced by other mega project around the world has been a case study for this thesis. This study has therefore focused on institutional arrangements that governed the management and utilization of water resources in connection to hydropower development along the Nile River in Uganda, the procedures and stages of the negotiations for hydropower infrastructure development in Uganda, identified the major stakeholders that take part in such negotiations and looked in detail for what their issues and interests are. It has also examined the attitudes and opinions of stakeholders on the potential and benefits of hydropower against (solar, bio-fuel and geothermal) energy sources in the context of Uganda, taking into consideration the need for socio-economic development, preservation of culture and environmental protection. Finally, it has analyzed the conflicts/controversies that have arisen in the Bujagali hydropower project.

This research study aims to investigate how cooperating teachers (CTs) in Partnership Schools working with pre-service teachers (PTs) from Universities in Ankara and Bursa reflect on challenges they face according to their own perceived roles and responsibilities in the process of implementing their complicated and demanding work to contribute to pre-service teacher training in schools. The present study specifically focuses on cooperating teachers&amp / #8217 / perceived challenges in relation to the feedback process and their cooperation with pre-service teachers to fulfill their roles and responsibilities to understand the nature of cooperating teachers&amp / #8217 / work, and how such recognition and understanding could empower all the parties involved- cooperating teachers and pre-service teachers with the aim of making the school experience more beneficial for pre-service teachers. The results of data collection show that CTs need further training in almost all aspects of their work directly related to the teaching learning environment in schools. Areas of their work that need improvement are also introduced, and recommendations to cope with challenges are presented.

<p>The number of elderly in society is increasing and therefore the number of people with dementia. They continue to live in their homes longer, which also increases the responsibility of district nurses. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of district nurses to care for and have responsibility for the care of people with dementia in home care. The method chosen was a qualitative interview study. The method chosen was a qualitative interview study and content analysis was used for data processing. The results revealed five categories: <em>Collaboration with other professionals and relatives, to have the possibility to develope in the professional role, a time-consuming work, inadequacy and anxiety and to provide security for the person with dementia.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p> / <p>Antalet äldre i samhället ökar och därmed antalet personer med demenssjukdom. De bor kvar i sina hem längre, då ökar även ansvaret på distriktssköterskorna. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskornas erfarenheter av att vårda och ha vårdansvaret för personer med demenssjukdom i hemsjukvård. Metoden som valdes var kvalitativ intervju studie och innehållsanalys användes vid databearbetning. I resultatet framkom fem kategorier: Samarbete med andra yrkesgrupper och anhöriga, att kunna utvecklas i yrket, ett tidskrävande arbete, otillräcklighet och oro och att skapa trygghet för personen med demenssjukdom.</p>

<p>Mega projects are in most cases considered as the necessary evil of development. Before their benefits can be reaped, a lot of sacrifices and tough choices have to be made. The fear and uncertainties surrounding such projects range from the impacts on the local people, on the environment, the costs of investment, and to, if the project will deliver the promised benefits. Because of these fears and uncertainties, it is not unusual that most if not all such projects meet a lot of critics and resistance before their success or failures are witnessed. Today, it is more of a requirement than a belief (although without a guarantee) that stakeholders’ involvement and their active participation in all decision-making process concerning a project is the surest way of minimizing conflicts and ensuring justice. The Bujagali hydropower project being an example of such projects and without immunity to the problems faced by other mega project around the world has been a case study for this thesis. This study has therefore focused on institutional arrangements that governed the management and utilization of water resources in connection to hydropower development along the Nile River in Uganda, the procedures and stages of the negotiations for hydropower infrastructure development in Uganda, identified the major stakeholders that take part in such negotiations and looked in detail for what their issues and interests are. It has also examined the attitudes and opinions of stakeholders on the potential and benefits of hydropower against (solar, bio-fuel and geothermal) energy sources in the context of Uganda, taking into consideration the need for socio-economic development, preservation of culture and environmental protection. Finally, it has analyzed the conflicts/controversies that have arisen in the Bujagali hydropower project.</p>

Denna essä undersöker hur skillnader mellan pedagogers och föräldrars uppfattning av förskolans verksamhet kan påverka synen på vad som är en intressant och meningsfull vardag för barnen, samt hur barns kompetens och deras rätt till medbestämmande tas till vara. Essän utgår från två verkliga och egenupplevda berättelser som ligger som grund för vårt reflekterande och vidare lärprocess. Syftet med essän har inte varit att hitta ett rätt sätt utan snarare om att synliggöra hur vi, genom gemensam reflektion, undersökt olika perspektiv och hur dessa kan mötas och samverka. Vi reflekterar över hur de olika roller vi intar, medvetet eller omedvetet, i vår yrkespraktik påverkar vårt handlande i olika situationer. Vi reflekterar även över på vilket sätt vi använder oss av vår praktiska kunskap. Syftet är att undersöka vad vi, som två blivande förskollärare, genom skrivandets gång kommit att anse är viktigt att fokus ligger på i förskolans verksamhet kring demokrati och medbestämmande och varför vi anser det. Genom att undersöka våra ställningstaganden samt reflektera över hur vi skulle kunna handlat annorlunda går det att finna nya, och eventuellt mer, konstruktiva sätt att samarbeta, kvalitetssäkra och utveckla verksamheten i förskolan. / This essay explores how differences in opinion between preschools pedagogues and parents regarding a preschool’s activities can affect what is seen as an interesting and meaningful everyday experience for the children or how the children's skills and their right to participate in the decision making process can be of use. The essay is based on two real and self-experienced stories that form the basis of our reflections and following learning process. The essays purpose has not been to find one correct approach but rather to, through reflections, highlight different perspectives and how they can meet and interact. We reflect on how the different roles we assume, consciously or unconsciously, in our professional practices can affect our actions in different situations. We also reflect on how we use our practical knowledge. The aim of the essay is to examine what we, as two future preschool teachers, through writhing this text has come to believe to be important to focus on in preschools when it comes to democracy and participation, and why we believe that. By examining our own positions in the question at hand and by reflecting on how we could have done things differently, it is possible to find new, and possibly more, constructive ways to collaborate, assure quality and develop the daily running of preschools.

The establishment of effective relationships is fundamental to good nursing practice and the fulfillment of nurses’ moral responsibilities. While intrapartum nurses are uniquely placed to establish relationships that can directly influence the woman’s experience of childbirth, there has been limited investigation of the relationships, identities and values that underlie nurses’ varied approaches and responses to labouring women. The purpose of this study was to explore intrapartum nurses’ understanding of their moral responsibilities from a social-moral perspective, using Margaret Urban Walker’s “expressive-collaborative” model of morality. Interviews were conducted with fourteen registered nurses working in a birthing unit of a Canadian teaching hospital. Four themes were identified that captured nurses’ moral responsibilities, including: organizing and coordinating care, responding to the unpredictable, recognizing limits of responsibilities to others, and negotiating care with women and families. Nurses enacted their moral responsibilities to labouring women in a variety of ways depending on their personal and professional experience, the circumstances, the people involved and the context of care. A key factor influencing responses to women was the degree to which understandings and expectations related to birth were deemed to be reasonable and mutually agreed upon among nurses, physicians, women and their families. Nurses also described limits on their responsibilities to others. Their choice of response to circumstances in which practice was constrained departed from the idealized expectations and ‘expert’ practices often reflected in professional guidelines. While nurses were able to identify contextual influences that constrained their ability to maintain effective relationships with women, the influence of their own values on the care they provided was less apparent. This suggests a need to challenge normative assumptions related to care of women in childbirth, including the provision of choice and family centred care, in order to create environments that can support and sustain practices that build understanding, mutuality and trust between nurses and birthing woman. In addition, given the contested nature of childbirth and the lack of shared understandings of what constitutes ‘best’ care, there is a need to develop collaborative models of inter-professional maternity care that include the voices of women as a central component.

Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje teisių ir pareigų žinojimas ir supratimas yra atsakingos visuomenės požymis. Lietuvos Respublikos Švietimo įstatyme apie mokinio teises ir pareigas pabrėžiama, kad mokykloje turi būti sudaryta psichologiškai, dvasiškai ir fiziškai saugi aplinka, sąlygos grįstos savitarpio pagarba, mokslo vieta turi atitikti higienos reikalavimus ir būti tinkamai aprūpinta. Tam itin svarbu, kad mokinys suvoktų, jog jis yra unikali savo teises turinti asmenybė, kuri gyvena tarp kitų taip pat unikalių ir savo teises turinčių asmenybių. Tyrimo objektas – mokinių savo teisių ir pareigų mokykloje suvokimas. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti mokinių savo teisių ir pareigų mokykloje suvokimo ypatumus. Siekiant realizuoti tikslą, tyrimui buvo naudojama atviro tipo anketa mokiniams, sudaryta pedagoginės, psichologinės literatūros ir švietimą reglamentuojančių dokumentų analizės pagrindu. Informantai po kiekvieno atviro klausimo apie tai, kokios yra jų teisės ir pareigos pamokoje, popamokinėje veikloje mokykloje, bendraujant ir bendradarbiaujant su kitais bei mokyklos aplinkoje, į tuščias eilutes turėjo parašyti savo atsakymą. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 mokinių: 15 penktos klasės mokinių iš Šiaulių miesto pagrindinės mokyklos ir 15 devintos klasės mokinių iš Šiaulių miesto gimnazijos. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad 5 klasės mokiniai savo teises mokykloje, ypatingai formalioje (mokymosi) veikloje, tapatina su pareigomis. Tokie rezultatai gali būti interpretuojami kaip jaunesniųjų klasių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Knowledge and awareness of rights and duties in the modern world is a characteristic feature of responsible society. The law on education of the Republic of Lithuania about a pupil’s rights and duties emphasizes that the safe environment from psychological, moral and physical point of view should be created at school along with the conditions based on mutual respect as well as the place of education should conform to hygiene requirements and should be furnished accordingly. For this purpose it is very important that a pupil realises that he is a unique personality having his own rights who lives among other personalities, also having their own rights. Object of the research is the perception of pupils’ rights and duties at school. Aim of the research is to reveal the singularities related to the perception of pupils’ rights and duties at school. In other to achieve the aim, a questionnaire of an open type was provided to pupils formed on the grounds of the analysis of pedagogic, psychological literature and documents regulating education. After each question on what are their rights and duties during lessons, after school activities at school, when communicating and cooperating with others in the school environment, the informants had to write a relevant answer on the empty line. In total, 30 pupils took part in the research: 15 pupils at grade 5 from Šiauliai city basic school and 15 pupils at grade 9 from Šiauliai city gymnasium. Results of the research revealed that... [to full text]

L'éducation à la citoyenneté comme forme de socialisation juridique est un moyen parmi d'autres qui nous permet de concevoir un possible dépassement de la «raison paresseuse» dans laquelle sont engagés les modèles politiques occidentaux. Les bases d'un nouveau code moral proposant à la fois une identité individuelle et collective pour le citoyen sont nécessaires. Ainsi, les énergies consacrées à la meilleure formation possible des futurs acteurs de la société québécoise, au partage d'idées et de perceptions dans une perspective contemporaine, ne peuvent être que bénéfiques pour l'avancement et l'avènement d'une société où l'équité coexiste avec la différence. C'est en réfléchissant et en échangeant sur le sujet avec notre entourage que nous avons décidé de concentrer nos recherches dans le domaine de 1'« éducation à la citoyenneté» avec comme contenu le droit. Naturellement, l'analyse à proprement positiviste du droit est ici mise de côté. Comme nous le verrons plus loin, une étude qui aborde la vision que se font les jeunes de l'univers juridique qui les entoure commande plutôt une approche sociologique. Les conclusions tirées de notre projet de recherche contribueront au débat entourant les concepts de citoyenneté, de droits fondamentaux et de responsabilités sociales dans une dynamique d'apprentissage. En tenant compte de la dimension culturelle de la citoyenneté, nous décrirons les différences d'interprétation et de représentation des droits fondamentaux et des responsabilités sociales dans la conscience d'« initiés» et de « non initiés» à une activité de socialisation juridique organisée par le Centre de développement pour l'exercice de la citoyenneté (CDEC), Débats de citoyens. Ce n'est qu'une fois cet exercice complété que nous tenterons d'évaluer le bienfondé et la validité d'une telle approche pédagogique. Mots clés: Éducation, citoyenneté, droits, responsabilités, socialisation, culture, débat, différence. / Citizenship education as a form of legal socialization is a way to conceive a possible overtaking of the «lazy reason » that embodies western political paradigms. The basis of a new moral code proposing an individual and collective identity for each citizen is necessary. Thus, the efforts invested in the best possible development of future actors in the province of Québec, in the sharing of ideas and views in a contemporary perspective, can only benefit the promotion and the upcoming of a society where equity coexists with difference. It is through reflection and while exchanging on the subject with others that we decided to concentrate our research on citizenship education with law as its content. Naturally, a positivistic analysis of the law is absent in such work. As we will see, a study that tackles young individuals' view of the legal universe they live in, rather commands a sociological approach. The conclusions we reached will contribute to the debate on the concepts of citizenship, fundamental rights and social responsibilities in a learning environment. Taking into account the cultural dimension of citizenship, we describe the differences in the interpretation and the representation of fundamental rights and social responsibilities in the conscience of "initiated" and "non-initiated" to a legal socialization activity organized by the Centre de développement pour l'exercice de la citoyenneté (CDEC). This activity is called Débats de citoyens, which translates to Citizens' debate. Only once this work is done will we attempt to evaluate the value and worth of such a pedagogical approach.

Syftet med studien är att förstå vad det finns för uppfattningar kring psykisk ohälsa i två olika elevhälsoteam samt hur dessa samverkar och ser på ansvaret som skola för att arbeta med och förebygga psykisk ohälsa. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och insamlandet av empiri har skett genom individuella intervjuer med medlemmar i två elevhälsoteam. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultatet har visat på att oklarheter finns i arbetet kring psykisk ohälsa och hur svårt det är att veta hur långt skolans ansvar sträcker sig. Det har framkommit delade åsikter om synen på psykisk ohälsa och hur samverkan ska fungera vilket visar att elevhälsoteamen har olika uppfattningar om hur de ska samverka och arbeta med psykisk ohälsa. Samverkan inom elevhälsoteamen är komplext, framförallt gällande roller, ansvarsfördelning och åsikter om teamets utformning. Hur elevhälsoteamet arbetar påverkar den psykiska ohälsan hos eleverna. Därför finns behov av forskning på området och utveckling av det praktiska arbetet. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien på att det finns oklarheter inom elevhälsoteamet på hur de ska arbeta och om psykisk ohälsa ingår i deras målgrupp vilket kan leda till brister i samverkan. / The purpose of the study is to understand what knowledge the members of two student health teams have about mental health, how they collaborate and how they view the schools responsibilities to work with student’s mental health. It is a qualitative study and the data has been collected through individual interviews with the members of two student health teams. The interviews have been analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The study shows uncertainties in the work with mental health and also how difficult it can be to know how far the schools responsibilities go. The study also shows that collaboration in student health teams is complex, especially regarding roles and responsibilities. There are different opinions about how the team should be structured. How the student health teams collaborate have an effect on student’s mental health. Therefor there is need for more research and development in this area. The differences in opinions regarding the structure of the collaboration show uncertainties about how to work with mental health in school and also who they should work for.

Bakgrund: Penningtvätt har under de senaste åren ökat och fått mycket uppmärksamhet. Nya lagar och regleringar med syfte att förebygga och bekämpa penningtvätt har tagits fram. För att uppnå målen har ett flertal organisationer skapats på nationell och international nivå. Flera tillsynsmyndigheter har fått uppdraget att medverka i bekämpning av penningtvätt. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka revisorns förhållnings- sätt till lagen om penningtvätt. Studien syftar även till att redogöra för revisorns ansvar gentemot penningtvättslagen samt framhålla vad begreppet kundkännedom innebär för revisorn i förhållande till lagen. Metod: För att uppnå studiens syfte har denna undersökning använt sig av den kvalitativa metoden. Intervjuformen som tillämpas är semi-strukturerad och studiens urval är ett icke-sannolikhetsurval. Undersökningens oberoende variabler är penningtvättslagen, revisorns ansvar och kundkännedom. Resultat: Studien visar att penningtvättslagen inte i någon större uträckning påverkat revisorns förhållningssätt. Gällande revisorns ansvar i förhållande till lagen anses lagen tämligen verkningslös ur ett brottsbekämpande perspektiv men kan ha positiv verkan ur ett brottsförebyggande syfte. Slutligen visar studien att ett effektivt sätt att motverka penningtvätt är att ha en god relation till klienten. / Background: Money laundering has increased particularly in recent years and received much attention. New laws and regulations with the aim of preventing and combating money laundering have been introduced. To prevent and fight money laundering organizations have been created on international levels. On national levels different official regulators have received assignments to participate against money laundering. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the auditors' approach to the law of money laundering. The study will also explain the auditor's liability to the anti money laundering act and emphasize what the concept of customer due diligence means for the auditor in relation to the law. Method: In order to achieve the purpose of the study this survey uses the qualitative method. The interview shape applied is semi-structured with a non-probability selection. The independent variables of the study are the laundering act, the auditors' responsibility and costumer due diligence. Conclusion: The study shows that the money laundering act not has affected the auditors' approach to any greater extent. Regarding the auditors' responsibility the law is considerable ineffective from a law enforcement perspective but can deliver positive results from a law enforcement purposes. Finally, the study shows that an effective way to prevent money laundering is to have a good relationship with the client.