INTRODUÇÃO: Picos de pressão inspiratória excessivos e elevados volumes correntes (VT) durante a ventilação manual podem iniciar a resposta inflamatória no pulmão do prematuro. A manobra de insuflação pulmonar sustentada (IPS) tem sido estudada como um procedimento para melhorar a aeração pulmonar imediatamente após o nascimento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do ventilador manual em T (peça T) e do balão autoinflável (BAI) nas variáveis de mecânica respiratória durante a ventilação manual e a manobra de IPS, além da influência do treinamento como instrutor do Programa de Reanimação Neonatal da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (PRN-SBP), na qualidade da ventilação. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo experimental, prospectivo e randomizado, 114 indivíduos, entre instrutores e não instrutores do PRN-SBP, ventilaram um manequim neonatal intubado, equivalente a um recém-nascido de 2500 gramas, por períodos de três minutos, utilizando um BAI e a peça T. A escolha do primeiro equipamento foi feita por randomização e os operadores não tinham acesso aos dados de mecânica respiratória durante a gravação. Ao final da ventilação manual, foi solicitado que cada indivíduo realizasse uma manobra de IPS durante 10 segundos, a uma pressão de 20 cmH2O. Para cada parâmetro de mecânica respiratória obtido durante a ventilação manual e a IPS, foi realizada uma comparação direta entre os equipamentos, considerando a formação e o treinamento dos participantes. Os dados foram obtidos por um sistema informatizado que permitiu a análise posterior. RESULTADOS: Em relação à ventilação manual, foi encontrada uma diferença nos valores do VT e do TI entre os equipamentos. Com o uso do BAI o VT foi de 28,5 (12,6) mL, mediana (amplitude interquartil) no grupo instrutores e 31,6 (14,0) mL no grupo não instrutores, enquanto que com a peça T foi de 20,1 (8,4) mL e 22,3 (8,8) mL, respectivamente. O TI encontrado com o uso do BAI foi de 0,5 (0,2) segundos, mediana (amplitude interquartil), tanto para instrutores como para não instrutores, enquanto que com a peça T foi de 1,0 (0,6) segundos e 1,1 (0,9) segundos, respectivamente. Em ambos os parâmetros não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos de profissionais. A capacidade do operador de manter uma pressão alvo de 20 cmH2O durante os 10 segundos de IPS foi avaliada através da área sob a curva de pressão (ASC), que foi 1,7 vezes maior com o uso da peça T em relação ao BAI (p < 0,05). A pressão inspiratória máxima aplicada para a realização da IPS foi maior com o uso do BAI, enquanto que a pressão média das vias aéreas, avaliada entre o início e o final dos 10 segundos de procedimento, foi maior com o uso da peça T. Novamente não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos de profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: A peça T resultou em menores valores de VT e maiores valores de TI independente do treinamento como instrutor do PRNSBP. A peça T permitiu uma maior eficácia na realização da manobra de IPS, representada pela manutenção da pressão alvo pelo período desejado e por uma maior pressão média nas vias aéreas em relação ao BAI / INTRODUCTION: During manual resuscitation of neonates, excessive peak inspiratory pressure (PI) and high tidal volume (VT) may trigger an inflammatory response in the lungs. The sustained lung inflation (SLI) maneuver has been studied as a procedure to improve pulmonary aeration immediately after birth. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of a T-piece manual resuscitator versus a self-inflating bag (SIB) on respiratory mechanics during manual ventilation and the SLI maneuver and the influence of training as a Brazilian Society of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program instructor on the quality of ventilation. METHODS: In this experimental, prospective, randomized trial, 114 operators, including Brazilian Society of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program instructors and non-instructors, ventilated an intubated neonatal resuscitation trainer (equivalent to a 2500g neonate) for 3-minute periods using an SIB or a Tpiece device. The choice of first device was random, and operators had no access to respiratory mechanics data during recording. At the end of the manual ventilation period, each operator was asked to perform an SLI maneuver for 10 seconds at 20 cmH2O. For each respiratory mechanics parameter obtained during manual ventilation and SLI, a direct comparison between devices was performed, taking operator training into account. Data were obtained through a computerized system for later analysis. RESULTS: During manual ventilation, differences in VT and TI were found between the two devices. The SIB was associated with a median (interquartile range) VT of 28.5 (12.6) mL in the instructor group and 31.6 (14.0) mL in the noninstructor group, whereas the T-piece was associated with a VT of 20.1 (8.4) mL in the instructor group and 22.3 (8.8) mL in the non-instructor group. Regarding TI, the SIB was associated with a median (interquartile range) value of 0.5 (0.2) seconds in instructors and non-instructors alike, whereas the T-piece was associated with a value of 1.0 (0.6) seconds in the instructor group and 1.1 (0.9) seconds in the non-instructor group. No differences between the operator groups were found in either parameter. Operator ability to maintain a 20-cmH2O pressure during the 10-second SLI maneuver was assessed by the area under the pressure curve (AUC), which was 1.7 times greater with the T-piece device than with the SIB (p < 0.05). Peak PI during the SLI maneuver was higher with the SIB, whereas mean airway pressure, assessed between start and end of the 10-second maneuver, was higher with the T-piece. Again, there were no differences between the operator groups. CONCLUSION: The T-piece was associated with lower VT and higher TI values regardless of training as a Brazilian Society of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program instructor. The T-piece provided greater efficacy in performing the SLI maneuver, as represented by maintenance of target pressure throughout the desired period and by a higher mean airway pressure as compared with SIB use

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Peixoto Mendonca Silva.pdf: 758527 bytes, checksum: 75fa4114442542d56311b7bc72095b07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to investigate the uses of the Mental Resuscitation notion on child psychoanalysis. Understanding that this is a notion, recently created by the work of a French psychoanalyst in a neonatal resuscitation unity, and that others contemporary psychoanalysis authors also use this notion to describe divergent clinical phenomena, this study seeks to map the possible uses of this psychoanalytic notion considering the contexts where it can be applied, the public to whom it is intended, and what clinical phenomena the Mental Resuscitation notion is able to name. It was found through semi-open interviews with three child psychoanalysts, that the Mental Resuscitation notion can be used to describe the results of psychoanalytical intervention in cases of premature babies under intensive care, term infants under intensive care, babies with autistic symptoms, babies with phobic symptoms, handicapped babies and/or children, and in cases of non-decided child psychosis. It was also observed that the Mental Resuscitation notion can be used to designate psychoanalytical work with parents and the multiprofessional team responsible for taking care of the baby and/or child in a situation of organic or mental vulnerability, either at a clinical or a hospital context / Esta pesquisa almeja investigar os usos da noção de Reanimação Psíquica na psicanálise com crianças. Entendendo que esta é uma noção recentemente criada a partir do trabalho de uma psicanalista francesa em uma unidade de reanimação neonatal, e que outros autores da psicanálise contemporânea também fazem uso desta noção para descrever fenômenos clínicos divergentes, este estudo visa cartografar os possíveis usos desta noção psicanalítica considerando os contextos onde pode ser aplicada, além do público ao qual se destina e os fenômenos clínicos os quais a noção de Reanimação Psíquica é capaz de nomear. Foi constatado através de entrevistas semi-abertas com três psicanalistas do campo da infância que a noção de reanimação psíquica pode ser usada para descrever os resultados da intervenção psicanalítica em casos de bebês prematuros sob cuidados intensivos, bebês nascidos a termo sob cuidados intensivos, bebês com sintomas autísticos, bebês com sintomas fóbicos, em bebês e/ou crianças deficientes e em casos de psicose não-decidida na infância. Foi observado que a noção de reanimação psíquica também pode ser utilizada para designar o trabalho psicanalítico realizado junto aos pais e a equipe multiprofissional responsável pelos cuidados do bebê e/ou criança em situação de vulnerabilidade orgânica e psíquica, seja no contexto clínico ou hospitalar

Introdução: A ressuscitação fluídica agressiva, com volume superior ao preconizado por Baxter, com objetivo de evitar a hipoperfusão de órgãos e restabelecer a volemia rapidamente, se tornou uma tendência nos últimos anos. Esta prática vem sendo discutida mais recentemente após a caracterização do fenômeno fluid creep e pode ser causa de aumento da morbidade e mortalidade em crianças queimadas. A hiperhidratação impacta negativamente a evolução desses pacientes e já se estabeleceram associações do fenômeno fluid creep com diversas complicações, como, por exemplo, a síndrome compartimental abdominal. Pacientes queimados estão sob alto risco para infecção e sepse devido à perda da integridade da pele e à exposição prolongada ao ambiente nosocomial. A principal causa de óbito, se o paciente sobreviver à fase inicial do choque do queimado é a disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas secundária a sepse. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre o fluid creep e episódios infecciosos em crianças queimadas submetidas a duas estratégias diferentes de reanimação hídrica envolvendo albumina. Realizar análises de curvas de probabilidade livre de infecção, além de comparar o tempo de internação e número de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados nestes grupos de pacientes. Metodologia: Estudo de coorte histórica envolvendo 46 crianças queimadas admitidas no Centro de Tratamento de Queimados do Hospital Universitário de Londrina entre junho de 2012 e janeiro de 2014 e que incluiu casos oriundos de um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado realizado no mesmo período. Foram incluídas crianças entre 1 e 12 anos, com queimaduras entre 15% e 45% de Superfície Corporal Queimada (SCQ) e profundidade de 2º e 3º graus, admitidas até a 12ª hora após o acidente. Todos os pacientes receberam reanimação fluídica com Ringer Lactato (RL), nas primeiras 24 horas, segundo a Fórmula de Parkland modificada (3ml/kg/%SCQ) ajustada de acordo com o débito urinário (DU). Os pacientes do grupo A = Exposto (n=23) receberam albumina 5% entre 8 e 12 horas do momento do acidente, e os do Grupo B= Não Exposto (n=23) receberam albumina 5% partir da 24a hora do acidente. Os grupos foram comparados quanto ao surgimento do fenômeno fluid creep, tempo de internação, número de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados e infecção até a alta hospitalar. Resultados: Os pacientes do grupo A tiveram menos dias de internação comparadamente ao grupo B (p=0,007). O surgimento do fenômeno fluid creep foi maior em crianças no grupo B (p < 0,001). O tempo de internação maior de 14 dias assim como a presença de fluid creep foi associado com a presença de infecção, respectivamente p=0,002 e p=0,020. O tempo de internação bem como a presença de fluid creep apresentaram diferenças nas curvas de probabilidade livre de infecção (p < 0,05). Todas as crianças do grupo B receberam debridamento comparado com 73,9% daquelas incluídas no grupo A (p=0,022), assim como os enxertos foram mais frequentes no grupo B (p=0,032). Conclusões: Crianças queimadas que receberam albumina entre 8 e 12 horas após o acidente apresentaram significativamente menos fluid creep, menor tempo de internação e menor número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (debridamentos e enxertos) comparativamente ao grupo que recebeu albumina após 24 horas. A presença do fluid creep e o tempo de internação superior a 14 dias apresentaram diferenças nas curvas de probabilidade livre de infecção, demonstrando pior prognóstico infeccioso / Introduction: Aggressive fluid resuscitation, defined as the administration of a superior volume to the parameters recommended by Baxter, intend to rapidly set the euvolemia and avoid organ hypoperfusion in burn individuals. The practice became a trend during the last years and has been extensively discussed after the establishment of the fluid creep phenomenon and has been considered as a possible mortality and morbidity factor in burn children. A strong association of fluid creep development has already been established with many conditions, as abdominal compartment syndrome. Burn patients are at high risk of infection and subsequent progression to sepsis due to the loss of skin integrity and long-term exposure to hospital environment. If those patients survive to the burn shock, their main cause of death is the multiple organ failure secondary to sepsis, what highlights the importance of comprehensive knowledge of infectious complications in burn children. Objectives: Assess the association between fluid creep and infection episodes in burn children that were exposed to two different fluid resuscitation strategies with the use of albumin. Analyze the patients infection-free probability curves, length of stay and number of surgery procedures needed. Methods: We developed a historic cohort of 46 burn children admitted at the Burn Treatment Center, State University of Londrina. The same patients were simultaneously enrolled in a parallel clinical trial. In this study, were included patients from 1 to 12 years old, with 15% to 45% of the body surface area (BSA) compromised, second or third-degree burns, admitted up to 12 hours after the accident. Both groups were compared according to the exposure. All the patients received fluid resuscitation with Ringer Lactate (RL) in the first 24 hours, respecting the modified Parkland formula (3 ml/kg/% TBSA) adjusted according to the urine output (UO). Patients from group A were exposed to 5% albumin between 8 and 12 hours from the accident moment and the patients from group B received 5% albumin after 24 hours from the accident. The outcomes observed were development of fluid creep phenomenon, length of stay, number of surgery procedures needed and infection until the hospital discharge. Results: Compared to the group B, the group A had a shorter median length of stay (p=0,007). Fluid creep development had higher rates on group B compared to group A (p < 0,001). The length of stay for more than 14 days, as the fluid creep arising, was associated with infection (respectively, p=0,002 and p=0,02). Both the length of stay and the fluid creep presence showed difference at the infection-free probability curves (p < 0,05). All the patients from group B were submitted to debridement compared to 73,9 from group A (p=0,022). The need of skin graft procedure was also more frequent in patients from group A (p=0,032). Conclusion: Burn children that received albumin between 8 and 12 hours from the accident moment presented significant less fluid creep, shorter length of stay, and smaller number of surgery procedures (as debridement and skin graft) compared to the group that received albumin after 24 hours from the accident. Fluid creep development and length of stay superior to 14 days presented differences at the infection-free probability curves, providing a negative infectious prognosis

Although survival rates are increasing, brain injury continues to be a leading cause of death after cardiac arrest (CA). Permanent brain damage after CA is determined by limited tolerance to ischemia from CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), as well as the unique cerebral response to reperfusion after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). A major pathway leading to neurotoxic cascade and neuronal injury after CA involves the increased presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during ischemia and reperfusion. The magnitude of cerebral oxidative injury induced by free radicals increased with the duration of CA (Paper I). Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical responsible for the formation of reactive nitrogen species, is increased during global ischemia from CA and reperfusion (Paper IV). Hypothetically, the administration of a drug that counteracts the overproduction of NO and also acts as a scavenger of oxygen free radicals might be warranted in order to reduce the damage caused by nitrosative and oxidative stress. For these purposes we used methylene blue (MB), an old dye that has been used in medicine for almost half a century, and an experimental pig model of 20 min of ventricular fibrillation (VF) to reflect a clinical scenario of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Administration of MB added to a hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (MBHSD) that was started during CPR and continued for 50 min after ROSC increased short-term survival by decreasing myocardial damage, as well as cerebral peroxidation and inflammatory injury (Paper II). Immunostaining of cerebral tissue collected at different time points after CA and ROSC (Paper IV) provided experimental evidence that cortical blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption begins as early as  during the initial phase of untreated as well as treated CA. The results indicated that MB administration reduced the neurologic injury and BBB disruption considerably, but did not reverse the ongoing detrimental processes. The demonstrated positive effects of MB were related to a decrease of nitrite/nitrate tissue content, and thus to a decrease of excess NO due to the MB inhibitory effects on NOS isoforms. A mixture of MB in hypertonic sodium lactate (MBL) was investigated to facilitate administration of MB in “the field.” Based on findings that MBL cardio- and neuroprotective properties were similar to those of MBHSD, there is reason to believe that the use of MBL might be extended during ongoing CPR and after ROSC (Paper III). It would therefore make sense to try using MB as a pharmacological neuroprotectant during or after clinical CPR in order to expand the temporal therapeutic window before other measures for neuroprotection such as hypothermia are available.

För att patienten ska ha optimal chans till överlevnad är det av största vikt att rekommendationer i samtliga delar av kedjan som räddar liv följs. Sjuksköterskan är oftast bland de första på plats vid ett hjärtstopp på en vårdenhet, vilket gör det intressant att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar överlevnaden efter hjärtstopp på sjukhus. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa faktorer i behandlingen av hjärtstopp på sjukhus som påverkar överlevnaden. Genom en sammanställning och analys av vetenskapligt värderad litteratur utfördes en systematisk litteraturstudie i ämnet. Resultatet visade att en väl fungerande organisation, utbildning, monitorering och följsamhet till riktlinjer var framgångsfaktorer i behandling av hjärtstopp. En hjärt-lungräddningsorganisation behövs, vilken organiserar och kvalitetssäkrar utbildning, rutiner, riktlinjer, utrustning och uppföljning. Utbildning av all personal är en förutsättning för framgångsrik behandling. Sjuksköterskan har möjlighet att identifiera och initiera åtgärder, såsom monitorering, vid ett hjärtstopp på sjukhus för att ge patienten största chans till överlevnad. Följsamheten till rekommendationer är låg med risk för att patientens chans att överleva efter ett hjärtstopp minskas. Hjärtstopp på sjukhus har hittills inte varit föremål för forskning i samma mängd som hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus. Speciellt omvårdnadsforskning om åtgärder där sjuksköterskan kan påverka överlevnaden saknas. / In order to achieve the highest survival among patients suffering from in-hospital cardiac arrest, adherence to treatment guidelines are of utmost importance. A nurse is often among the first person on scene when in-hospital cardiac arrest occurs in a regular ward. For this reason, this study explores the factors that may affect survival. The aim of this literature study was to explore factors that affect survival among patients suffering from in-hospital cardiac arrest. Analysis was made on publications found by a systematic search in peer-reviewed publications in the field. The result emphasis the large impact of structure and organization in order to achieve high quality cardiac arrest treatment. There is a need for a centralized cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) management structure in every hospital. This CPR managing group is vital in organizing guidelines, equipment, training and follow-up on treatment results. Training in CPR of all hospital staff is importance for treatment quality. The nurse has the possibility to identify and modify nursing factors such as monitoring level in order to increase chance of detection and thereby the chance of survival in case of cardiac arrest. Current adherence to treatment guidelines is low leading to lower chance of survival. CPR research has so far focused on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, less focus has been spent on in-hospital cardiac arrest. In particular nursing science concerning areas were nurses are able to affect outcome is lacking.

Abstract Physical activity with regular physical exercise (PE) has long been advocated because it lowers morbidity and mortality. However, there have been concerns about a transiently increased risk of adverse cardiac events such as sudden cardiac death (SCD) during PE. Our aim was to identify risk factors related to SCD during PE and clarify the effect of PE on cardiovascular well-being in the general population. In study I we found out that male gender as well as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial scarring as autopsy-findings were clearly more common among exercise-related SCD. Typical northern activities in skiing and snow shoveling were among the three most common types of PE alongside cycling. In study II we analyzed the previously recorded electrocardiograms (ECG) of victims of SCD. Fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) in anterior leads was a common finding among subjects who died during exercise, especially among subjects with a prior diagnosis of CAD. In study III, we collected retrospectively out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) data in Northern Ostrobothnia between the years 2007 and 2012. The subjects who suffered SCA in relation to PE were younger and previously healthier, and they had more often a shockable rhythm as the initial rhythm. There was a markedly better prognosis for hospital discharge when SCA occurred during PE. In study IV, we noticed a decrease in cardiac mortality in subjects who were physically active or became active during follow-up in a population of 1,746 stable CAD patients. A similar effect could be seen affecting SCD mortality. No increase in cardiac mortality could be seen among those with the highest levels of habitual PE. In conclusion, ischemic heart disease and male gender, especially when fQRS is present in anterior leads, are characteristics related to exercise-related SCD. On the other hand, when SCA takes place during PE, the prognosis is markedly better compared to SCA occurring at rest. An active lifestyle is also linked to decreased cardiac mortality. / Tiivistelmä Säännöllinen aktiivinen elämäntapa on yhteydessä pienempään fyysisten ja psyykkisten sairauksien riskiin. Tutkimuksissa on kuitenkin havaittu raskaampaan liikuntaan liittyvä väliaikaisesti lisääntynyt akuutin sydäntapahtuman, kuten äkkikuoleman, riski. Väitöskirjatutkimuksessa tutkitaan rasitukseen liittyvän sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman erityispiirteitä ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden merkitystä hyvinvoinnille. Ensimmäisessä osajulkaisussa havaittiin, että rasitukseen liittyvissä kuolemissa oli ruumiinavauslöydöksenä merkittävästi enemmän sepelvaltimotautia, sydänlihaksen arpeutumista ja sydänlihaksen liikakasvua verrattuna äkkikuolemiin levossa. Miessukupuoli oli selkeästi yliedustettuna rasituspopulaatiossa, sillä peräti 94 % oli miehiä. Yleisimmät rasitusmuodot olivat hiihto, pyöräily ja lumenluonti. Toisessa osatutkimuksessa tutkittiin edeltävien EKG-muutosten yhteyttä rasitusperäisiin äkkikuolemiin. Havaitsimme, että QRS-kompleksin pirstoutuminen etuseinäkytkennöissä oli selkeästi yleisempi löydös rasitusryhmässä. Tämä löydös oli erityisen merkittävä sepelvaltimotautipotilailla. Kolmas julkaisu sisältää tiedot sairaalan ulkopuolisista sydänpysähdyksistä Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla vuosina 2007–2012. Tässä aineistossa havaitsimme, että rasitukseen liittyvän sydänpysähdyksen alkurytmi oli useammin defibrilloitava, potilaat olivat nuorempia ja terveempiä, ja maallikkoelvytys aloitettiin useammin. Rasituksessa elottomaksi menneillä oli suhteellisen hyvä selviämisennuste. Neljännessä tutkimuksessa havaitsimme selkeästi paremman ennusteen niillä stabiilia sepelvaltimotautia sairastaneilla, jotka olivat liikunnallisesti aktiivisia. Sydänperäinen kuolleisuus oli pienempi myös niillä potilailla, jotka onnistuivat lisäämään liikunnallista aktiivisuuttaan. Samankaltainen tulos todettiin sydänperäisten äkkikuolemien osalta. Sepelvaltimotauti ja miessukupuoli ovat hyvin yleisiä löydöksiä, kun sydänperäinen äkkikuolema tapahtuu rasituksessa. Myös QRS-kompleksin pirstoutuminen etuseinäkytkennöissä liittyi rasitusperäisiin kuolemiin. Toisaalta potilaan ennuste selvitä on selkeästi parempi sydänpysähdyksen tapahtuessa rasituksessa. Osoitimme myös, että liikunnallinen aktiivisuus ja sen pienikin lisäys parantavat sepelvaltimotautipotilaiden ennustetta.

This diploma thesis was compiled on the topic of first aid. First aid is always actual problem, which needs attention. It is suitable to start with the first aid education at a very young age and throughout the years add more difficult situations first aid in CBRNE substance attack, first aid in extraordinary situations (floods, car accidents with a big number of injured). The aim of the thesis was to find out the knowledge of the pupils in secondary schools about providing the first aid, and subsequent comparation of the results between secondary medical school and other, nonmedical schools. The knowledge of the first aid was found out by means of questionnaires. In this statistical research were involved 400 pupils form 5 secondary schools in the South Bohemian region, including one secondary medical school. The questionnaires were evaluated and processed. To verify the hypotheses, x2 test of a good match was used (to verify the normality) and a t-test was used as well, to verify zero and alternative hypotheses. The pupils of secondary medical school reached in questioning research better results than pupils of nonmedical schools. Therefore it was possible to accept set hypotheses. The secondary schools, which took part in the statistical research, were provided with a feedback. This diploma thesis could serve as a study material, eventually also as a motive for other qualification theses. According to my opinion, a thesis about knowledge of pedagogues about providing the first aid would be beneficial.

O prognóstico após a parada cárdio-respiratória (PCR) e reanimação cardio-pulmonar (RCP) depende de intervenções críticas, particularmente, do tempo de resposta entre a chamada de socorro ou resgate, até a chegada ao local onde se encontra a vítima, além das compressões torácicas eficazes, da desfibrilação precoce e do suporte avançado de vida. Para avaliar a eficácia e a adequação dos procedimentos de RCP durante a PCR, entidades e associações científicas se reuniram e elaboraram o Utstein Style out-of-hospital, cujas definições e instrumento, usados para registro do evento, têm sido amplamente utilizadas em todo o mundo, bem como para estudos publicados sobre atendimento à parada cardíaca. A adoção de um instrumento de consenso internacional levou a uma grande evolução guidelines de reanimação e a progressos científicos, possibilitando a troca de informações mais efetivas para promover comparações internacionais em relação aos procedimentos de ressuscitação tendo como propósito codificar variáveis, mensurar aspectos do processo e avaliar resultados dos atendimentos na PCR fora do hospital. Apesar do grande numero de PCR que ocorre no Brasil, não há, até então, um instrumento em nosso idioma adaptado à nossa realidade. Este trabalho teve pro objetivos realizar a tradução e adaptação cultural do Utstein Style out-of-hospital, com base nos pressupostos metodológicos de Guillemin (2002). O instrumento foi, também, testado em dois centros de atendimento pré-hospitalar para verificar a viabilidade de sua utilização. Como resultado deste estudo metodológico obtivemos um instrumento traduzido para o idioma português, com algumas modificações necessárias para sua adaptação à cultura nacional, sugeridas por um comitê de juizes e cuja aplicação, ainda que em pré-teste, permitiu verificar que os resultados obtidos assemelham-se aos dados internacionais. O maior número de causas de PCR ocorreu em adultos do sexo feminino (58,8%), com idade acima de 29 anos. Grande parte das paradas cardíacas foi identificada por espectador (47,0%), pelo Serviço Médico de Emergência (35,5) e pelo médico (17,5%). Quanto à ocorrência da PCR, 82,4% foi por causa desconhecida e 17,6% por trauma / The prognostic after the cardiac arrest and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is dependent of critical interventions, particularly, time reply called until place, efficient chest compressions early defibrillation and the advanced life support. The definitions of the Utstein style and the instrument of register have been widely used in published studies of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), what it took to a great evolution and the progress for international consensuses on science and guidelines of resuscitation, making possible the exchange of information more effective to promote international auditorship in relation to the resuscitation procedures having as intention to codify variable, to measure aspects of the process and to evaluate resulted of the take care of in the CPA of the hospital. Currently several countries already use with this purpose. The Utstein was approved by the international committees. Although the great one number of CPA in Brazil, we did not possess an instrument in our language and adapted. This instrument underwent a process of translation into Portuguese, back-translation into its original language and finally analysis by a committee of judges to evaluate semantics, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences, with the authorization of the AHA, following the recommendations of Guillemin, revised in 2002. The instrument was tested in two centers the out-of-hospital attendance to verify the use of in the Brazilian country and making possible comparisons with international data, enriching adding the evolution of the CPR in the world. As result of this study we got an instrument translated into the Portuguese language, with some necessary modifications for its adaptation to the national culture, suggested for a committee of judges and whose application allowed verifying that the gotten results resemble it the international data. The biggest number of CPA causes occurred in adults, females (58.8%), with age above of 29 years. Great part of the CPA was identified by witness (47.0%), the Emergency Medical Service (35.5%) and by the physician (17.5%). Several occurrences of CPA, 82.4% it was for unknown cause and 17.6% for trauma

A parada cardiorrespiratória é um evento potencialmente letal, e a qualidade do atendimento prestado depende da agilidade, conhecimento e habilidade de toda a equipe envolvida. O desenvolvimento de um guia com os pontos relevantes a serem observados durante o atendimento à PCR intra-hospitalar surgiu em 1997, com a criação do In-Hospital Utstein Style por uma força tarefa de especialistas em atendimento e pesquisa em PCR. Trata-se de um guia que agrega informações acerca do atendimento à PCR, contendo um relatório padrão para coleta de dados, divido em variáveis: do paciente, do evento e de resultados, além de algumas informações adicionais. A criação de um relatório padrão de coleta de dados, permitiu uniformizar a linguagem, bem como o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas, baseadas no mesmo modelo. Com a finalidade de disponibilizar o In-hospital Utstein Style para a realidade brasileira, este instrumento foi submetido ao processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, nas seguintes etapas: tradução para o português, retro-tradução para a língua de origem, análise por comitê de juízes para avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. O resultado deste processo gerou um instrumento para pré-teste, aplicado em 20 pacientes que sofreram PCR, com a finalidade de verificar o comportamento do instrumento em nossa realidade. As variáveis de resultado não foram coletadas, pois pressupõe o acompanhamento destes pacientes ao longo do tempo. A amostra foi constituída por 60,0% de homens, com idade média de 63 anos ±16,17. O ritmo de PCR mais comum foi atividade elétrica sem pulso (65,0%), o tempo médio para desfibrilar foi de 1,25 minutos. Assim como observado por pesquisadores internacionais, existem informações perdidas durante o atendimento, não registradas, prejudicando a coleta dos dados referentes a este momento. A análise dos dados, permite concluir que o instrumento é aplicável à realidade brasileira, tornando possíveis comparações com estudos internacionais, buscando melhor atendimento ao evento da PCR. A falta de preenchimento de alguns itens , principalmente aqueles referentes às variáveis do evento (coletados no momento da PCR), podem ser perdidos, por falta de preenchimento adequado do instrumento, por profissionais médicos e de enfermagem. O treinamento e incentivo para melhorar a quantidade e qualidade de registros, tornam possíveis, através da aplicação do Utstein Style conhecer cada atendimento feito e toda a assistência prestada, identificando prováveis falhas e principalmente investindo em qualidade de vida após o evento / Cardiopulmonary Arrest is a potentially lethal event in which the quality of the service rendered depends on agility, knowledge and the skills of all of the involved team. The development of the first guide identifying the significant points to be taken during the procedure of an in-hospital CPA appeared in 1997, with the creation of the In-Hospital Utstein Style by a task force of personnel specialized in attendance and research of CPA. This guide brings together information concerning CPA attendance and contains a standardized report for collecting data which is divided into the following variables: patient, event, and the outcome, as well as some other additional information. The creation of this standardized report for collecting data made it possible to standardize the language as well as to develop new research based on the same model. With the intended goal of making available, the In-hospital Utstein Style for Brazilian professionals, this instrument underwent a process of translation and cultural adaptation in the following steps: translation into Portuguese, back-translation into its original language and finally analysis by a committee of judges to evaluate semantics, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences. The outcome of this process resulted in a pre-test instrument applied to 20 patients who had had CPA in order to verify the behavior of this instrument according to our reality. The outcome variables were not collected, because it involved accompanying these patients over a lengthy period of time. The sample consisted of 60% men, with an average age of 63 years ±16, 17. The most common CPA rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (65%); the defibrillation average time was 1.25 minutes. Therefore, as verified by international researchers, there is a loss of information during the attendance, which is not-recorded, thus hindering the collection of data concerning the moment of the CPA. With the data analysis, we can conclude that the instrument is adaptable to the Brazilian reality, enabling further comparisons with international studies, therefore improving the care administered during the CPA event. The failure to complete some of the items principally those referencing the variables of the CPA event (that should have been collected at the CPA moment) could result in critical data being lost if not properly answered in the report done by attending medical and nursing personnel. Personnel trained and encouraged to improve the quantity and quality of date collection can make it possible, through the utilization of the Utstein Style, to better understand each attendance and assistance rendered, identifying possible failures and, above all, enabling further investments in quality of life after the arrest

The thesis topic: ?Analysis and Innovations of Selected Nursing Documentation Used in Intensive Care? was chosen deliberately for its topicality. Documentation is an important and integral part of treatment of patients. It is very important that nursing documentation suit nurses who work with it. Data should be clear and their recording easy and convenient for nurses. Duly managed nursing documentation should be beneficial for physicians as well. For the research, the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava was chosen. The thesis contained six defined objectives that have been met and resulting 6 research questions. Qualitative research was carried out in 3 stages. One research group consisted of nurses at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava, the other research group consisted of doctors at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava. In the first stage, an analysis of nursing documentation used at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava was carried out and, subsequently, interviews with the nurses and doctors from this department were conducted. In the second phase, innovations of nursing documentation were made and the documentation was put into practice. The final stage of the thesis consisted of interviews with the same questions for the doctors and nurses at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava, in which opinions of the nurses and doctors on the innovated documentation and its application in practice were surveyed. The objective was to analyze the existing nursing documentation, to innovate it on the basis of the interview results, to implement it, and then to find out whether it could be used in practice. Based on the interviews conducted, we found out that nurses do not like the nursing diagnoses and also record sheets, which are common for doctors and nurses, used their department. Based on these results, innovation of the nursing diagnoses was made and, at the same time, the department made an innovation of the recording sheet, and medical and nursing documentation was separated. After the documentation was introduced into practice, we interviewed the nurses and doctors again to find out whether the innovated documentation was better and whether it could be improved more. We found out that the documentation was better, more suitable for the respondents. The innovated documentation can be used in practice and is currently so at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava.