A areia de fundição é um resíduo sólido industrial oriundo da etapa de desmoldagem de peças metálicas no processo de produção de fundidos. Esse resíduo, dependendo do processo de fundição utilizado (moldagem a verde, moldagem em casca, moldagem com resina sintética e outros) e do material moldado, pode conter elementos e/ou compostos químicos que podem causar impacto ambiental. As substâncias que podem estar presentes na areia de fundição são provenientes, em parte, do tipo de metal moldado e, em parte, do aglomerante utilizado no processo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de alternativa para utilização desse rejeito com a finalidade de contribuir para a minimização do problema, reutilizando-o na composição dos agregados para concreto asfáltico. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de classificação de resíduos em amostras de areias virgem e de fundição e em misturas asfálticas, contendo areia virgem e de fundição, não compactadas, para verificar se este resíduo, quando incorporado à massa asfáltica, poluiria o meio ambiente. Realizou-se, também, ensaio de lixiviação com extrator soxhlet em corpo-de-prova de mistura asfáltica com 15% de areia de fundição para avaliar o comportamento, em termos ambientais, desse material a longo prazo. Para verificar o desempenho, da massa asfáltica contendo esse resíduo, na pavimentação, foram realizados ensaios de dosagem Marshall, dano por umidade induzida, cantabro, resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência e fluência estática. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir, em linhas gerais, que a reutilização de areia de fundição em pavimentação asfáltica é viável, pois as misturas asfálticas contendo esse resíduo apresentaram boas propriedades mecânicas de interesse à pavimentação. Além disso, os ensaios de classificação de resíduos sólidos realizados na massa asfáltica com areia de fundição, cuja classificação original é Classe II - não inerte, ) classificaram a massa asfáltica como resíduo Classe III - inerte, o que sugere um encapsulamento deste resíduo pela massa asfáltica. / Foundry sand is an industrial solid waste resulting from sand casting process in foundry industries. Depending on the type of foundry process (green sand molding, shell sand molding, molding using synthetic resin and others) and of the type cast metal, this waste may contain elements and/or chemical compounds that may cause environmental impact. The substances that may be found in foundry sand proceed partly from the type of the metal and partly from the agglutinant used on the process. The purpose of this research is to present an alternative study for the use of the foundry sand, reusing it in the composition of the aggregate for asphalt concrete and thus to contribute to minimize the environmental impact caused for this waste. To reach this purpose, classification tests of solid wastes were run in virgin sand and foundry sand and asphaltic mixtures not compacted containing both types of sand. This investigation considered the possibility of this waste when incorporated to asphaltic mixture to pollute the environment. Leaching with soxhlet extractor test in specimen of asphaltic mixture with 15% of foundry sand was also realized to evaluate the performance of this material a long-term period in environmental terms. In order to verify the performance in paving, the mixtures were submitted to Marshall method of mix design and to the tests of resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, cantabro, resistance of compacted bituminous mixture to moisture-induced damage and static creep. Based on the results, it could be concluded that, in a general way, the reuse of foundry sand in asphaltic paving is viable, once the asphaltic mixtures containing this residue presented good mechanical properties. Besides the classification tests of solid wastes realized in asphaltic mixture containing foundry sand, which original classification as class II - no inert, passed to a classification of asphaltic mixture class III - inerte, what suggests that the waste was encapsulated in hot mix asphalt.

This study's aim was to investigate the strength of contextual aspects' influences on environmentally ethical behaviour (EEB). A survey method with a selfadministered questionnaire was used and a cross-section of the Muslim male population of New Zealand was taken. The qualitative interviews and email questionnaires were also utilised to further explain the survey results. The linear regression analyses show correlations between contextual aspects (i.e., social, religious, economic, political, and demographic) and EEB (pre-cycling, re-use and recycling). Results indicate that the contextual aspects are influential on EEB in many ways and degrees. A model describing the relationship was developed. The economic aspect statistically significantly related to EEB the strongest. The qualitative interview and email questionnaire data support the findings of the survey. The relationship was positive, meaning that the more the consumers were influenced by the economic aspect to behave in an environmentally ethical way, the more they were likely to perform EEB. Compared to the economic aspect, white collar workers, number of household occupant, work involvement with the environment, type of house, and age had a weaker statistically significant relationship with EEB. The relationships were positive, meaning that the better the consumers' occupation (i.e., white collar workers), the more household member they had (i.e., 4 and above), the higher their level of work involvement with the environment, and the better their dwelling (i.e., bungalow or semi-detached houses), the more they were likely to perform EEB. However, the relationship between age and EEB was negative, meaning that the younger the consumers the more they were likely to perform EEB. However, the results of this study, from both the survey and the interview methods, indicate that demographic characteristics were not as important as the contextual aspects, particularly the economic aspect, in understanding consumers' EEB. This study shows that the economic aspect was very important in understanding consumers' EEB compared to the other contextual aspects even the political aspect was statistically significantly related to EEB via the economic aspect. Thus, the economic aspect should be used optimally by public and private sector managers to promote EEB.

El fang biològic es produeix en les plantes de tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes i industrials. El tractament i la gestió dels fangs és un dels problemes més importants en el camp del tractament de les aigües residuals. Aquesta situació es preveu que es veurà agreujada en el futur, per un increment del volum de fang produït associat a l'exigència de nivells més alts de depuració i per l'augment dels nombre d'estacions depuradores en funcionament. D'altre banda, les limitacions que presenten les opcions tradicionals de gestió dels fangs, fa necessari buscar solucions innovadores i efectives per a solucionar el problema que suposa la gestió d'aquests fangs biològics. Els fangs biològics són de naturalesa carbonosa i amb un alt contingut de matèria orgànica. Aquestes característiques, permeten la conversió del fang en un sòlid adsorbent de tipus carbonós. Aquesta conversió ofereix el doble benefici de reduir el volum de fang que ha de ser gestionat i alhora produir un adsorbent amb un cost inferior a la dels adsorbents convencionals (carbons actius comercials).Fins el moment, els tractaments alta temperatura han demostrat la seva efectivitat per du a terme el procés de transformació dels excedents de fang biològic en un sòlid adsorbent carbonós (carbó actiu). Com a alternativa a aquests processos a alta temperatura, es proposa un nou procés d'obtenció d'un sòlid adsorbent carbonós a partir dels excedents de fangs biològics, mitjançant un tractament a baixa temperatura, combinant el tractament per microones amb l'addició d'un reactiu químic (H2SO4).La present tesi analitza el tractament dels excedents de fangs biològics utilitzant un tractament mitjançant microones i l'addició d'àcid sulfúric (H2SO4), al mateix temps analitza la possibilitat d'utilitzar els sòlids adsorbents obtinguts per a millorar la qualitat de les aigües residuals.Paràmetres d'operació com poden ser la quantitat d'àcid sulfúric addicionada al fang, el nivell de potència del forn microones i el temps de tractament, es modificaran per tal de determinar la influència que poden tenir sobre la qualitat del sòlid adsorbent. Un cop determinada la qualitat dels diferent sòlids adsorbents s'avalua la seva capacitat per a l'eliminació de colorant i metalls en fase líquida. Els resultats obtinguts es comparen amb els obtinguts per un carbó actiu derivat de fangs i un carbó actiu comercial. / The sewage sludge is produced by urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants. The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is an expensive and environmentally sensitive problem growing world-wide. In recent years, sewage sludge is being generated in ever increasing amounts and meanwhile environmentally quality standards are becoming more stringent. Furthermore, with some traditional disposal routes coming under pressure and others being phased out, it is necessary to seek cost-effective and innovate solutions to the problem incurred by sewage sludge disposal. Sewage sludge is carbonaceous in nature and rich in organic materials. Hence it has the potential to be converted into a useful carbonaceous adsorbent material. This conversion could offer the combined benefits of reducing the volume of sewage sludge and producing a valuable adsorbent with lower cost than commercial activated carbons. At the moment, the high temperature treatments have been show the feasibility of the conversion of sewage sludge in an activated carbon. As alternative to these high temperature treatments, a novel way of carbonaceous adsorbent preparation was attempted combining microwaves heating and the addition of chemical compounds. The possibility of obtaining a carbonaceous adsorbent material from surplus biological sludge has been investigated. This present work analyze the treatment of the sewage sludge using microwave heating and the addition of a chemical reagent (H2SO4), and the applications of the sludge based microwave treated adsorbent to improving the quality of the wastewater.Operational parameters such as the amount of H2SO4 added, the level power of microwave oven and the processing time were modified to ascertain their influence on the quality of carbonaceous adsorbent obtained. Once determined the quality of the different carbonaceous adsorbent obtained, these adsorbents were employed for dye and metal removal in liquid phase. The results obtained were compared with the adsorption capacity of a sludge based activated carbon and a commercial activated carbon.

Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-01T17:41:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tainara_Bruna_Montagna_2017.pdf: 2224704 bytes, checksum: 611557170f0bccd30bb9aa2430a5d3f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T17:41:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tainara_Bruna_Montagna_2017.pdf: 2224704 bytes, checksum: 611557170f0bccd30bb9aa2430a5d3f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / In the last decades, the Brazilian farming industry has undergone great changes regarding the systems, type and scale of production, predominantly large-scale vertical production. This growth has been a matter of concern, especially when it comes to environmental issues, because when these production systems are poorly designed or poorly conducted, they generate large amounts of waste, which due to lack of control are often released into water bodies or applied as agricultural fertilizers in large quantities and can pollute surface and groundwater. The correct management of pig and poultry waste is a major challenge that the regions of intensive production of pigs and poultry will have to face in the coming years, due to problems of water pollution, storage costs, treatment and utilization of manure as organic fertilizer in agriculture. The purpose of this work is to present the characterization and main impacts on the environment, as well as some techniques for treatment, disposal and reuse of pig and poultry waste in rural establishments that work with a small production scale. This survey was based on the bibliographical analysis of articles, booklets, dissertations, theses, books, besides specific laws and decrees on the subject. It is possible to conclude that, for poultry farming, deep bedding has been presented as the best alternative for storage, provided that it is properly treated. For pig farming, waste ponds have been widely used, but it is necessary to monitor these residues in order to avoid overflows to soils and water bodies. In terms of treatment techniques, it is highlighted the composting and the use of biogas for the two types of wastes analyzed. In the case of swine manure, stabilization ponds are also fundamental, because these residues are not very solid. There are other more advanced treatment techniques, but as the focus of the dissertation was on small plants, it was sought to analyze the cost-benefit of the techniques raised. / Nas últimas décadas, a agropecuária brasileira tem passado por grandes mudanças no que se refere aos sistemas, tipo e escala de produção, predominando a produção vertical em grande escala. Esse crescimento tem sido alvo de preocupação, principalmente, no que se refere às questões ambientais, pois quando esses sistemas de produção são mal projetados ou mal conduzidos, geram grandes quantidades de resíduos, que pela falta de controle, muitas vezes, são lançados em corpos hídricos ou aplicados como fertilizantes agrícolas em grandes quantidades, podendo poluir águas superficiais e subterrâneas. O correto manejo dos dejetos de suínos e de resíduos de avicultura é um grande desafio que as regiões de produção intensiva de suínos e aves terão que enfrentar nos próximos anos, em função dos problemas de poluição das águas, dos custos de armazenamento, tratamento e, aproveitamento dos dejetos como adubo orgânico na agricultura. A proposta deste trabalho é de apresentar a caracterização e os principais impactos no meio ambiente, bem como algumas técnicas de tratamento, destinação e reaproveitamentos dos dejetos de suínos e aves em estabelecimentos rurais que trabalham com uma pequena escala produtiva de produção. Tal levantamento se deu a partir da análise bibliográfica de artigos, cartilhas, dissertações, teses, livros, além de leis e decretos específicos sobre o tema. É possível concluir que, para a avicultura, a cama sobreposta tem se apresentado como melhor alternativa para o armazenamento, desde que devidamente tratada. Já para a suinocultura, as esterqueiras tem sido amplamente utilizadas, porém faz-se necessário um monitoramento destes resíduos com o intuito de evitar transbordamentos para solos e corpos hídricos. Em termos de técnicas de tratamento, destacam-se a compostagem e o uso de biogás para os dois tipos de dejetos analisados. No caso dos dejetos de suínos, as lagoas de estabilização também são fundamentais, em virtude destes resíduos serem pouco sólidos. Existem outras técnicas de tratamento mais avançadas, porém como o foco da dissertação esteve em pequenos plantéis, procurou-se analisar a relação custo-benefício das técnicas levantadas.

I have always known that I would leave my hometown. Always been told that it is too boring for a dreamer, that it is a place where all ambition wanes. None of my childhood friends stayed; we all moved towards something bigger, something better- towards opportunities. We all moved, to some degree, south. Depopulation of rural communities is not unique to Norrland but Tankebanan investigates this topic within the context of the northern inlands of Sweden, exploring its industrial history and local conditions. The project aims to create an infrastructure strengthening the social and cultural capital of the inland by generating educational, entrepreneurial and identity building activities in the region. The site of the project stretches along Malmbanan, the railway transporting iron from the industries of the inland to the ports of Narvik and Luleå. The tracks are a physical trace of the industrial history of the region and therefor a suitable location for the project that proposes three fixed nodes along the railway, each targeting one specific aspect of the knowledge network. The nodes are Creation in Abisko, Education in Kiruna and Entrepreneurship in Gällivare.Tankebanan reprograms old carbarns within the towns into hubs of activity and optimism, aiming to challenge the pessimism often connotated with the region, causing people to leave. It aims to turn struggles into challenges and encourage young people to see the potential within themselves and within Norrland. This phase of the project explores the node of Education in Kiruna, which proposes an alternative university for those who wish to obtain a degree without leaving the north. The program consists of a public library and train station, educational facilities, conference rooms and accommodation for long distance commuters. It is hosted within a modular system, relating to the module of the train car and extending the network of the rails into the building.

Cette thèse propose d'analyser la pratique d'échantillonnage de musique classique dans la production de musique hip-hop francophone. Elle se concentre sur les enjeux musicaux et sociaux de cette pratique en adoptant une méthodologie basée sur des outils sociologiques. Ainsi elle évaluera l'importance de cette rencontre entre ces deux entités culturelles, que le sont le hip-hop et la musique classique, en mettant en rapport les individus et les objets. / This thesis propose to analyze the reusing of western art music through sampling in french hip-hop music production. It is based on musical and social challenges using very sociological tools. Thereby it evaluate the importance of this meeting between hip-hop music and classical music by putting individuals and objects at the center of the argument.

Steel industries consume refractory materials on a large scale. High temperature resistant refractory materials are essential for linings of the steelmaking vessels, to protect them from corrosive environments, high temperatures, molten steels and slags during transportation and steelmaking operations. Furthermore, with the increasing demand in steel production the usage of refractory materials has substantially increased, resulting in an increasing demand for refractory raw materials. However, with the hike in prices and abundancy for raw materials there is a need for recycling and reusing of spent refractory materials, which are otherwise sent to landfill. Nowadays the environmental as well as economic aspect regarding the recycling of spent refractories are of interest for the steel industries for achieving a solution towards zero waste. Several projects have been launched to investigate and generate new ideas with different ways to recycle refractory materials, but there is much more research and planning that needs to be done in order to find a large scale solution towards achieving zero waste. One of the simplest solutions to avoid landfilling of spent refractory is to introduce and manage a good sorting of the breakout scrap refractory, which can later be recycled or reused depending on their condition. The thesis work was carried out in collaboration of KTH – The Royal Institute of Technology/ Stockholm/ Sweden and Jernkontoret – The Swedish Steelmaking Association / Stockholm / Sweden. The work includes a collection of information regarding the current refractory waste management situation within some of the Swedish steel producers as Ovako AB, Uddeholm AB and SSAB. The information were collected on the basis of their refractory usage and practises. The thesis as well provides some suggestions for recycling and reusing of spent refractory waste materials collected from literature. Additionally some experimental work was carried out on whether an MgO-C refractory brick made of recycled materials can perform similarly against slag as a brick made from virgin materials. Experimental corrosion trials with one industrial slag composition were carried out using a hot-finger test apparatus for bricks with different amounts of recycling content in comparison to a brick made of virgin materials. After experiments, the samples were analysed using a Light Optical Microscope (LOM). A similar performance of all bricks against the slag composition was observed. Additional laboratory tests with different slag compositions, holding times and stirring rates are required to reach more profound conclusions. Industrial trials are essential with bricks containing recycled raw materials to reach a final performance status. / Stålindustrin konsumerar eldfasta material i stor skala. Högtemperatur resistenta eldfasta material är nödvändiga för att fodra skänkugnen, för att skydda den från frätande miljöer, höga temperaturer av smält stål och slagg, samt transport och blandning av smält stål under ståltillverkning. Vidare har användningen av eldfasta material ökat avsevärt med den ökande efterfrågan inom stålproduktion, vilket har resulterat i en ökande efterfrågan på eldfasta råvaror. Men i och med prishöjningen och avhållsamheten för råvaror behövs en idé om återvinning och återanvändning av eldfasta material som annars skickas till deponi. Numera är den miljömässiga och ekonomiska aspekten av återvinning av förbrukade eldfasta ämnen av intresse för stålindustrin för att kunna nå en lösning mot zero waste. Flera projekt har påbörjats för att undersöka och generera nya idéer med olika sätt att återvinna eldfasta material, men det finns mycket mer forskning och planering som behöver göras för att hitta en storskalig lösning mot netto noll avfall. En av de enklaste lösningarna för att undvika deponering av använt eldfast material är att införa och hantera en bra sortering av använt eldfast avfall, som senare kan återvinnas eller återanvändas beroende på dess tillstånd. Avhandlingsarbetet utfördes i samarbete med KTH – Kungliga tekniska högskolan / Stockholm / Sverige och Jernkontoret – Svenska stålföreningen / Stockholm / Sverige. Informationen samlades in angående användning och praxis av eldfasta material. Avhandlingen innehåller också några förslag för återvinning och återanvändning av använt eldfast avfall som samlats in från litteraturen. Dessutom utfördes experiment för huruvida en eldfast infodring av återvunnen MgO-C kan motstå reaktioner mot slagg som en infodring tillverkad av ny utvunna råvaror. Experimentella korrosionsförsök med en industriell slaggkomposition utfördes av en ugn designad för hot finger test för eldfasta material gjorda av olika mängd återvunnet material samt inget återvunnet material alls. Efter experimenten analyserades proverna med ett ljusoptiskt mikroskop (LOM). En liknande prestanda för alla tegelstenar mot slaggkompositionen observerades. Ytterligare laboratorietester med olika slaggkompositioner, hålltider och omrörningshastigheter krävs för att nå en djupare slutsats. Industriella försök är väsentliga med eldfast tegel som innehåller återvunna råvaror för att kunna nå en slutlig prestandastatus.

This thesis investigates the trend of reusing the content of printed media in their on-line counterparts, based on several selected Czech national newspapers (Mladá fronta DNES, Lidové noviny, Právo) and their corresponding news servers (idnes.cz, lidovky.cz, novinky.cz) over the course of one constructed week in 2015. The theoretical section examines the interrelatedness of printed and on-line media, the impact of digitization on the transformation of the journalistic profession, and its influence on the content and recipients of media communications. The fundamental questions posed by this research are as follows: What percentage of the printed content is reused in the newspaper's corresponding on-line version and vice versa, and which of the selected media reuse the most content? The research operates with three initial hypotheses regarding the quantity and frequency of content conversion: printed journals reuse their content in on-line news servers at a rate of up to 5%, news servers reuse their content in printed journals at a rate of up to 10%, and the practice of shovelware is most frequently employed by the periodicals Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. The aim of the research is to reveal and interpret shovelware trends in the selected media and evaluate how this practice is perceived. The...

Les Fonctions biologiques sont le résultat de l'interaction de beaucoup de processus, avec differents objectives, complexités, niveaux d'hiérarchie, et changements de conditions que modi ent le comportement de systèmes. Nous utilisons des équations diferenciales ou dynamiques plus générales, et Stochastic Systèmes de Transition pour décrire la dynamique de changements des modèles. La composition, réconciliation et reutilisation des modèles nous permettent d'obtenir des descriptions de systèmes biologiques complètes et compatibles et leur combiner. Notre spéci cation de Systèmes Hybrides avec BioRica assures l'intégrité de modèles, et implement notre approche. Nous appliquons notre approche pour décrire in-silico deux systèmes: la dynamique de la fermentation du vin, et des décisions cellulaires associées à la formation de tissu d'os.

L’évolution des systèmes de capture des données concernant les objets mobiles a donné naissance à de nouvelles générations d’applications dans différents domaines. Les données capturées, communément appelées « trajectoires », sont au cœur des applications qui analysent et supervisent le trafic routier, maritime et aérien ou également celles qui optimisent le transport public. Elles sont aussi exploitées dans les domaines du jeu vidéo, du cinéma, du sport et dans le domaine de la biologie animale pour l’étude des comportements, par les systèmes de capture des mouvements. Aujourd’hui, les données produites par ces capteurs sont des données brutes à caractère spatio-temporel qui cachent des informations sémantiquement riches et enrichissantes pour un expert. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’associer automatiquement aux données spatio-temporelles des descriptions ou des concepts liés au comportement des objets mobiles, interprétables par les humains, mais surtout par les machines. Partant de ce constat, nous proposons un processus partant de l’expérience des objets mobiles de monde réel, notamment le bateau et l’avion, vers un modèle ontologique générique pour la trajectoire. Nous présentons quelques requêtes qui intéressent les experts du domaine et qui montrent l’impossibilité d’exploiter les trajectoires dans leurs états bruts. En effet, l’analyse de ces requêtes fait ressortir trois types de composantes sémantiques : thématique, spatiale et temporelle. Ces composantes doivent être rattachées aux données des trajectoires ce qui conduit à introduire un processus d’annotation qui transforme les trajectoires brutes en trajectoires sémantiques. Pour exploiter les trajectoires sémantiques, on construit une ontologie de haut niveau pour le domaine de la trajectoire qui modélise les données brutes et leurs annotations. Vu le besoin d’un raisonnement complet avec des concepts et des opérateurs spatiaux et temporaux, nous proposons la solution de réutilisation des ontologies de temps et d’espace. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons aussi notre travail issu d’une collaboration avec une équipe de recherche qui s’intéresse à l’analyse et à la compréhension des comportements des mammifères marins dans leur milieu naturel. Nous détaillons le processus utilisé dans les deux premiers domaines, qui part des données brutes représentant les déplacements des phoques jusqu’au modèle ontologique de trajectoire des phoques. Nous accordons une attention particulière à l’apport de l’ontologie de haut niveau définissant un cadre contextuel pour l’ontologie du domaine d’application. Enfin, cette thèse présente la difficulté de mise en œuvre sur des données de taille réelle (des centaines de milliers d’individus) lors du raisonnement à travers les mécanismes d’inférence utilisant des règles métiers. / The evolution of systems capture data on moving objects has given birth to new generations of applications in various fields. Captured data, commonly called ”trajectories”, are at the heart of applications that analyze and monitor road, maritime and air traffic or also those that optimize public transport. They are also used in the video game, movies, sports and field biology to study animal behavior, by motion capture systems. Today, the data produced by these sensors are raw spatio-temporal characters hiding semantically rich and meaningful informations to an expert data. So, the objective of this thesis is to automatically associate the spatio-temporal data descriptions or concepts related to the behavior of moving objects, interpreted by humans, but also by machines. Based on this observation, we propose a process based on the experience of real-world moving objects, including vessel and plane, to an ontological model for the generic path. We present some applications of interest to experts in the field and show the inability to use the paths in their raw state. Indeed, the analysis of these queries identified three types of semantic components : thematic, spatial and temporal. These components must be attached to data paths leading to enter an annotation that transforms raw semantic paths process trajectories. To exploit the semantic trajectories, we construct a high-level ontology for the domain of the path which models the raw data and their annotations. Given the need of complete reasoning with concepts and spatial and temporal operators, we propose the solution for reuse of ontologies time space. In this thesis, we also present our results from a collaboration with a research team that focuses on the analysis and understanding of the behavior of marine mammals in their natural environment. We describe the process used in the first two areas, which share raw data representing the movement of seals to ontological trajectory model seals. We pay particular attention to the contribution of the upper ontology defined in a contextual framework for ontology application. Finally, this thesis presents the difficulty of implementation on real data size (hundreds of thousands) when reasoning through inference mechanisms using business rules.