Previous research has shown that teaching material reproduces ideology; and according to the professor in History of Ideas, Sven-Eric Lied man, ideology can be read out in all sorts of texts. This is in contrast with the Swedish curriculum, which claims that the teaching should be objective and comprehensive. The aim with this study is to investigate if there is any reproduction of ideology in social science textbooks. With this background I have examined four social science textbooks, by using qualitative research methodology and ideology analysis.  Results showed that all four textbooks are reproducing ideology. In the analysis I have been using the methodological framework, ideal types and for this purpose three ideologies; Liberalism, Revisionism and Conservatism were defined. The interpretation of the results was that the dominating reproductions in the textbooks exhibited liberalism and revisionism, but some conservative reproductions could be found in the schoolbooks as well. Many of the reproductions were read out latent in the books. The authors were also using evaluative written language and a lot of watchwords.  The results correspond with the majority of previous research. / <p>2017-01-20</p>

Nos fins do século XIX, Eduard Bernstein causou grande espanto e turbulência no interior da social-democracia alemã ao refutar publicamente as teses oficiais propugnadas pelos líderes do partido e, ao mesmo tempo, propor a revisão crítica do pensamento de Marx, desferindo sérios ataques ao que considerava seu elemento \"nefasto\": a dialética hegeliana. Ao defender a rejeição da filosofia da história marxiana - considerada obstáculo ao conhecimento científico da realidade social - Bernstein rompe com a perspectiva revolucionária, aderindo a um reformismo evolucionista. Acreditando no potencial emancipador da democracia burguesa, que tornaria possível a tomada do poder por meios legais e pacíficos, Bernstein passa a sustentar a adoção de uma postura política conciliatória e a mitigação da luta de classes. O surgimento desta corrente revisionista deu início a um grande cisma no interior da social-democracia que veio a ser considerado como \"a primeira crise do marxismo\", introduzindo uma nova tendência de rechaço à concepção dialética da história e de abdicação de quaisquer pretensões revolucionárias. Estas idéias viriam a tornar-se hegemônicas no final do século XX, quando as teses que apregoam o \"fim da história\" são amplamente difundidas e festejadas. Diante deste novo refluxo das teorias e práticas revolucionárias, torna-se fundamental a análise minuciosa do fenômeno revisionista - o contexto em que surge, as razões de seu sucesso no âmbito da esquerda e as críticas que podem lhe ser opostas / In the end of the nineteenth century, Eduard Bernstein caused great turbulence in the German social democracy when he publicly opposed to the official theses of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and, at the same time, recommended a critical revision of Marx\'s thought, making serious attacks on what he considered its most hideous element: the Hegelian dialectics. While supporting the total rejection of the Marxian philosophy of history - regarded as an obstacle to the scientific knowledge of the social reality - Bernstein breaks up with the revolutionary perspective, joining an evolutionary reformism. Relying in the emancipatory potential of the bourgeois democracy, that would make possible the achievement of power through legal and pacific means, Bernstein sustained a conciliatory political posture and the softening of the class struggle. The appearance of such revisionist tendency gave birth to a schism inside social democracy that was further known as \"the first crisis of Marxism\", as it excluded the dialectical conception of history and the revolutionary aim. These ideas became hegemonic at the end of the twentieth century, when theses proclaiming \"the end of history\" were widely spread. In face of the new reflux of the revolutionary praxis, the analysis of the revisionist phenomenon - the context in which it appears, the reason for its success and the critics opposed to it - becomes crucial

Nos fins do século XIX, Eduard Bernstein causou grande espanto e turbulência no interior da social-democracia alemã ao refutar publicamente as teses oficiais propugnadas pelos líderes do partido e, ao mesmo tempo, propor a revisão crítica do pensamento de Marx, desferindo sérios ataques ao que considerava seu elemento \"nefasto\": a dialética hegeliana. Ao defender a rejeição da filosofia da história marxiana - considerada obstáculo ao conhecimento científico da realidade social - Bernstein rompe com a perspectiva revolucionária, aderindo a um reformismo evolucionista. Acreditando no potencial emancipador da democracia burguesa, que tornaria possível a tomada do poder por meios legais e pacíficos, Bernstein passa a sustentar a adoção de uma postura política conciliatória e a mitigação da luta de classes. O surgimento desta corrente revisionista deu início a um grande cisma no interior da social-democracia que veio a ser considerado como \"a primeira crise do marxismo\", introduzindo uma nova tendência de rechaço à concepção dialética da história e de abdicação de quaisquer pretensões revolucionárias. Estas idéias viriam a tornar-se hegemônicas no final do século XX, quando as teses que apregoam o \"fim da história\" são amplamente difundidas e festejadas. Diante deste novo refluxo das teorias e práticas revolucionárias, torna-se fundamental a análise minuciosa do fenômeno revisionista - o contexto em que surge, as razões de seu sucesso no âmbito da esquerda e as críticas que podem lhe ser opostas / In the end of the nineteenth century, Eduard Bernstein caused great turbulence in the German social democracy when he publicly opposed to the official theses of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and, at the same time, recommended a critical revision of Marx\'s thought, making serious attacks on what he considered its most hideous element: the Hegelian dialectics. While supporting the total rejection of the Marxian philosophy of history - regarded as an obstacle to the scientific knowledge of the social reality - Bernstein breaks up with the revolutionary perspective, joining an evolutionary reformism. Relying in the emancipatory potential of the bourgeois democracy, that would make possible the achievement of power through legal and pacific means, Bernstein sustained a conciliatory political posture and the softening of the class struggle. The appearance of such revisionist tendency gave birth to a schism inside social democracy that was further known as \"the first crisis of Marxism\", as it excluded the dialectical conception of history and the revolutionary aim. These ideas became hegemonic at the end of the twentieth century, when theses proclaiming \"the end of history\" were widely spread. In face of the new reflux of the revolutionary praxis, the analysis of the revisionist phenomenon - the context in which it appears, the reason for its success and the critics opposed to it - becomes crucial

My dissertation defends a comprehensive version of meta-nonnative skepticism which holds that no standard, norm, or principle has objective authority or normative force. The view does not deny either that there are norms, standards of correctness, and principles of various kinds or that it is possible both to succeed or fail in measuring up to their prerogatives. What it does deny is that any norm has the status of commanding with objective authority, the status of giving rise to objective normative reasons to take seriously and follow its demands. Many believe objective authority is required if we are to make sense of and explain the significance of our normative practices. Without authority, they fear, any critical standpoint vis-à-vis our practices would evaporate, even when we have reached a consensus regarding critical matters, which, without correctness, appears to reflect nothing but an ultimately arbitrary choice. I disagree, and argue that while authority cannot be accommodated within the world as we know it, we don't need it either. A chief goal of my dissertation is to propose a positive interpretation of our normative practices that dispenses with authoritative facts directing us what to do. The practical question of what to make of our practices and our involvement with them, I counter, retains significance only when pursued from an engaged rather than a detached perspective - one that we adopt when, driven by our concerns and commitments, we actively participate in the resolution of practical problems, including the selection and development of norms to live by, searching for common ground for how to coordinate our individual and joint endeavors. Even though there are no definitive answers, this deliberative enterprise is not unconstrained; it is carried out within a tight web of norms that we do already accept, a web we continuously spin and expand.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-27T19:26:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Lázara de Oliveira Santos - 2017.pdf: 2130702 bytes, checksum: 6aed0cf1a87b607a13db4d0dc42adabc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T12:06:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Lázara de Oliveira Santos - 2017.pdf: 2130702 bytes, checksum: 6aed0cf1a87b607a13db4d0dc42adabc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T12:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Lázara de Oliveira Santos - 2017.pdf: 2130702 bytes, checksum: 6aed0cf1a87b607a13db4d0dc42adabc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Considering the fantastic narrative’s relevance in the development of the imaginary and popular memory this study aimed to comprehend how the representation of the female characters occur in contemporary fairy tales depicted by the cinema. In order to elaborate the corpus of this work, we selected to evaluate the cinematographic narratives Brave (2012), Frozen (2013) and Maleficent (2014). These productions inscribe as contemporary fairy tales due to its peculiarities that detach from the fairy tales’ stereotypes that stem from a revisionist perspective which challenges many of the standards endorsed in common narratives. In the analyzed movies we examined allusive issues to the reconfiguration of the main characters that escape from the condition of subjection and passivity, as represented for so long in productions of such genre. However, we highlight the ideological paradigms which involve gender issues and determination of fixed places to men and women constantly challenged, so legitimating the female autonomy. We base our research on contributions from authors such that Gerard Genette (1982); Antônio Cândido (1988); Bruno Bettelheim (1992); Teresa de Lauretis (1994); Nelly Novaes Coelho (1997); Robert Stam (2011); Guacira Lopes Louro (2011); Linda Hutcheon (2013) among other agents of valuable contributions. / Considerando a relevância das narrativas fantásticas na formação do imaginário e da memória popular, este estudo buscou compreender como ocorre a representação do feminino nas personagens de contos de fadas contemporâneos representados pelo cinema. Para constituir o corpus deste trabalho, elegemos para apreciação as narrativas cinematográficas Valente (2012), Frozen (2013) e Malévola (2014). Estas produções se inscrevem como contos de fadas modernos devido às peculiaridades que se desprendem de estereótipos dos contos clássicos a partir de uma perspectiva revisionista, que contesta muitos dos padrões ratificados em narrativas tradicionais. Nos filmes analisados, examinamos questões alusivas à reconfiguração das personagens protagonistas que se retiram da condição de sujeição e passividade, conforme representado por muito tempo em produções deste gênero. Nesta perspectiva, evidenciamos que paradigmas ideológicos, como aqueles que envolvem as questões de gênero e a determinação de lugares fixos para homens e mulheres estão sendo contestados, legitimando assim a autonomia do feminino. Ancoramos nossa pesquisa em contribuições de autores tais que Gerard Genette (1982); Antônio Cândido (1988); Bruno Bettelheim (1992); Teresa de Lauretis (1994); Nelly Novaes Coelho (1997); Robert Stam (2011); Guacira Lopes Louro (2011); Linda Hutcheon (2013) entre demais agentes de valiosas contribuições.

The work focuses on the issue of revisionism of Soviet history in Anglo-Saxon historiography. The aim is to analyze the causes and circumstances of Revizionism, its origins and the character of the dispute between revisionist and totalitarianist interpretation of Soviet history. It also deals with the question of whether one of the interpretations has achieved dominance in its field. Key Words Revisionism, totalitarism, historiography, Cold War, Soviet Union

L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en lumière la complexité de l'écriture de l'histoire et du processus de renouvellement historique, en prenant pour cas d'étude l'histoire de l'Ouest américain. De la théorie de la Frontière, développée par Frederick Jackson Turner à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, à la « New Western History », apparue dans les années 1980, le sujet a fait l'objet de diverses interprétations au cours du vingtième siècle. Sa complexité réside en outre dans la mythologie véhiculée par la culture populaire, ainsi que la place centrale de l’Ouest dans l’inconscient collectif américain. Très controversées, les réécritures de la Nouvelle Histoire de l’Ouest ont redonné de l’intérêt et du dynamisme au domaine de recherche, tout en suscitant des débats passionnés, dont la médiatisation fut tout à fait inédite. Enfin, l’analyse de la transmission de ces réécritures au grand public, à travers l’enseignement et l’histoire publique, permet d’évaluer l’impact du mouvement au-delà des frontières universitaires et, de fait, offre une meilleure compréhension des enjeux et défis de la discipline historique. / Taking the history of the American West as a case study, the aim of this dissertation is to analyze the complex way in which history is written and rewritten over the years. From the first historian of the Frontier, Frederick Jackson Turner, to the “New Western History”, born in the 1980s, the Frontier and the American West have generated different interpretations and revisions over the course of the twentieth century. The subject is all the more complex as the West has a special place in the American psyche, and its myths pervade popular culture. Not only did the emergence of the New Western History revive a field of study that had become dated, it also triggered debates that were so heated that they received ample coverage in the American press. Studying the way the New Historians’ reinterpretations were transmitted to the general public, through teaching and public history, allows an assessment of the impact of the New Western History on a lay audience and, thus, a better understanding of the complex mechanics of history-making.

This study draws parallels between the dramatic works Rabinal Achí­, an anonymous ancient Mayan text, and the Luis Valdez masterpiece Zoot Suit. The parallel that I seek to establish is one of the strong trend of historical revisionism in both works as well as a parallel development of plot and characterization. This work does not claim to be representative of revisionism as a whole, nor does it seek to establish a new official history, but it does to demonstrate how both works, even though they are separated by hundreds of years, share a common bond of subversion and direct opposition to established norms and to the "facts" of a recorded official history in an attempt to give voice to the experience of the historically overlooked individual.

This Master thesis, Evolution of British concepts of the territorial organization of the area of Czechoslovakia between the years 1918-1938, examines the attitude of the British foreign policy towards the territorial concept of Czechoslovakia in the interwar period. This thesis is a historiographical narrative study based primarily on the analysis of documents on British foreign policy from the period 1918-1938. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate how the British foreign policy makers reflected the existence of the new state formation in Central Europe and how their ideas about the suitability of such political organization in the area of Czechoslovakia was changing during the interwar period. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first covers the period after the First World War, when the borders of Czechoslovakia were decided and focuses on the British role in this process. The second chapter is dedicated to British reflections on the new state in the context of the new territorial organization of Central Europe during the twenties and early thirties. The third chapter deals with the changes in British policy towards Czechoslovakia in the context of the new geopolitical reality in Central Europe after the rise of Nazism in Germany. It tries to analyse the British standpoint on the...

This thesis aims to shed light on the differences between offensive and a specific version of neoclassical realism on their expectations regarding how a great power shapes its environment. The neoclassical framework proposed in this work constitutes an independent variable captured by the polarity in the system, an intervening variable of state capacity, and a dependent variable of revisionist foreign policy. It is argued that along with multipolarity and bipolarity, there is a need to incorporate unipolarity in structural realist accounts. Analysed from this perspective, great powers feel high external pressure due to the nature of unipolarity, which diminishes the value of pure structural frameworks. In this respect, the incorporation of state-level factors provides more reliable analyses for explaining anxious great powers` strive for regional hegemony. As a result, neoclassical realism is better equipped to explain Russia`s revisionist foreign policy.