Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-13T17:13:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - H?lio Moulin Curti Junior.pdf: 3505961 bytes, checksum: 54541b50bce17092a8217c28baed4d90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T17:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - H?lio Moulin Curti Junior.pdf: 3505961 bytes, checksum: 54541b50bce17092a8217c28baed4d90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / The vegetation of the restinga, located in the coastal plains of the Brazilian coast, is considered a set of plant communities arranged in mosaic overlap in soil sandy nature. It has a rich and varied flora resulting from the diversity of its geological origin, topography and environmental conditions. In the municipality of Rio de Janeiro there are few areas with restinga vegetation remnants and correspond to 1.6% of the total number of vegetation of the city. The Municipal Natural Park Grumari (PNMG), where was developed this study, is considered one of the smallest fragments of restinga vegetation of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Located in the west area of the city of Rio de Janeiro, is a protected area administered by the Department of Environment of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This protected area comprises restinga vegetation and analogously to the restingas of the State of Rio de Janeiro has suffered high anthropogenic pressure mainly associated with local tourism, removal of species, fire, high traffic and banana plantation expansion. In the face of human pressure history occurred in PNMG area, it was carried out phytosociological study and as well as researched the relationship of the vegetation of an impacted stretch of restinga Mata with soil factors associated with soil fertility. The objective was to know the tree species in this impacted area. Ten rectangular plots with size of 10 m x 20 m were delimited in the study area and the trees with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 5 cm were part of the sample. Samples of soil at a depth of 5 cm, were collected in order to proceed to carry out the chemical analysis. Species identification was performed by the RBR Herbarium of the Department of Botany, Institute of Biology of UFRRJ. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed (ACC), via software PC-ORD version 5.0, in order to assess whether the soil chemical factors influence the distribution of tree species in the sampling site. A total of 277 individuals were sampled, with 33 species, 25 genera and 16 families. The species Cupania emarginata (Camboat?), Sapindaceae family, with approximately 50% of the sampled individuals was identified as the dominant species. Cupania emarginata, Tapirira guianensis, Byrsonima sericea, Myrsine guianensis, Eugenia punicifolia, Erythroxylum ovalifolium and Erythroxylum passerinum showed the highest importance value. The Fabaceae family, with 7 species, was the richest. The ACC information indicates that the axes 1 and 2 together accounted for only 14.5% of the variation in the data, indicating a low correlation between soil chemical parameters and the distribution of trees at the sampling site. Due to the large number of species with little representation and as well as the knowledge that some of them are with the level of threat vulnerable or endangered, should be increased efforts to protect this restinga vegetation remaining in the city of Rio de Janeiro. / A vegeta??o de restinga, localizada nas plan?cies costeiras do litoral brasileiro, ? considerada um conjunto de comunidades vegetais dispostas em mosaico que est?o sobrepostas em solo de natureza arenosa. Possui uma flora rica e variada resultante da diversidade da sua origem geol?gica, topografia e condi??es ambientais. No munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro h? poucas ?reas com vegeta??o de restinga remanescente e correspondem a 1,6% do total de vegeta??o da cidade. O Parque Natural Municipal de Grumari (PNMG), onde foi desenvolvido este estudo, ? considerado um dos menores fragmentos de restinga do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Localizado na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ? uma unidade de conserva??o administrada pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Compreende vegeta??o de restinga e de forma an?loga ?s restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sofrido alta press?o antr?pica, principalmente, associada ao turismo local, a retirada de esp?cies, a inc?ndios, ao pisoteio e a expans?o da planta??o de banana. Em face do hist?rico de press?o antr?pica ocorrida na ?rea do PNMG, foi realizado um estudo fitossociol?gico e bem como pesquisou-se a rela??o da vegeta??o de um trecho impactado da Mata de Restinga com os fatores ed?ficos associados ? composi??o qu?mica do solo. Objetivou-se conhecer as esp?cies arb?reas presentes neste trecho impactado. Dez parcelas retangulares com dimens?o de 10 m x 20 m foram delimitadas na ?rea de estudo e as ?rvores com di?metro ? altura do peito maior ou igual a 5 cm fizeram parte da amostragem. Amostras de solo, ? profundidade de 5 cm, foram coletadas a fim de proceder an?lise qu?mica. A identifica??o das esp?cies arb?reas foi realizada junto ao Herb?rio RBR do Departamento de Bot?nica, do Instituto de Biologia da UFRRJ. Procedeu-se an?lise de correspond?ncia can?nica (ACC), via Software PC-ORD vers?o 5.0, com o objetivo de avaliar se os fatores qu?micos do solo influenciam a distribui??o das esp?cies arb?reas no local da amostragem. Um total de 277 indiv?duos foram amostrados, perfazendo 33 esp?cies, 25 g?neros e 16 fam?lias. A esp?cie Cupania emarginata (camboat?), fam?lia Sapindaceae, com aproximadamente 50% dos indiv?duos amostrados, foi identificada como a esp?cie dominante. As esp?cies de maior valor de import?ncia foram Cupania emarginata, Tapirira guianensis, Byrsonima sericea, Myrsine guianensis, Eugenia punicifolia, Erythroxylum ovalifolium e Erythroxylum passerinum. A fam?lia Fabaceae, com 7 esp?cies, apresentou a maior riqueza. As informa??es oriundas da ACC demonstraram que os eixos 1 e 2 somados explicam apenas 14,5% da varia??o dos dados, indicando uma baixa correla??o entre os par?metros qu?micos do solo e a distribui??o das ?rvores no local de amostragem. Devem ser aumentados os esfor?os para prote??o deste remanescente de vegeta??o de restinga da cidade do Rio de Janeiro devido ao elevado n?mero de esp?cies com pequena representatividade e bem como que algumas delas est?o situadas em n?vel de amea?a vulner?vel ou em perigo de extin??o

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-20T15:46:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Carla Rodrigues Bahiense.pdf: 694207 bytes, checksum: 012f3bf71990c09f742e165f567b3e77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T15:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Carla Rodrigues Bahiense.pdf: 694207 bytes, checksum: 012f3bf71990c09f742e165f567b3e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-13 / Belonging to the Order Psittaciformes, Family Psittacidae, the Ara ararauna, like other parrots, is a Brazilian bird much exploited in the pet market, which makes it a frequent veterinary patient. Despite of the extreme clinical relevance of laboratory examinations, data on hematology and serum biochemistry of this species are scarce. Several factors can interfere with the birds results of hematological and biochemical values, such as age, sex, reproductive period, among others. The study aimed to recognize patterns and to determine haematological and serum biochemical parameters for the species in question, explaining possible variations related to sex, management and method of restraint. In the experiment was used 68 specimens, 33 from a commercial breeding facility and 35 from the live collection of the RIOZOO Foundation. The blood samples were collected by jugular vein, transferred into tubes containing EDTA and other with no anticoagulant. Only the birds of RIOZOO were subjected to a new collection, which occurred 10 minutes after of anesthesia with isoflurane, thus forming a group of 33 animals anesthetized and another 35 unanesthetized. Of each animal were determined trombocyte conts, erythrocyte counts, total and specific leucocyte counts, concentrations of total plasmatic protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, tryglicer?des, total serum protein, albumin and globulin, and activityes of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, lipase, and creatine-kinase enzymes. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and paired T tests. Females had higher trombocitometria. Non-anesthetized animals had a greater total WBC count. Weren?t significant differences between anesthetized males and females. The birds originated from RIOZOO had higher values of PCV, red blood cell count, MCV, eosinophils, basophils, urea, AST and CK, however, lower values of albumin and creatinine. The study revealed that was a significant level of discrepancies between the different groups, allowing the creation of a standard more specific hematologic, according to the individual characteristics of each patient. / Pertencente ? Ordem Psittaciforme e Fam?lia Psittacidae, a Ara ararauna, assim como os demais psitac?deos, ? uma ave brasileira muito explorada no mercado pet, o que a torna um freq?ente paciente veterin?rio. Apesar da extrema relev?ncia cl?nica dos exames laboratoriais, dados acerca da hematologia e bioqu?mica s?rica dessa esp?cie ainda s?o escassos. Importante ? considerar tamb?m que diversos fatores n?o patol?gicos podem interferir em resultados dos exames hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos das aves, como a idade, sexo, per?odo reprodutivo, entre outros. O estudo teve como finalidade reconhecer e determinar padr?es hematol?gicos e bioqu?mico-s?ricos para a esp?cie em quest?o, elucidando poss?veis varia??es relacionadas a sexo, manejo e m?todo de conten??o. No experimento foram utilizados 68 exemplares, sendo 33 provenientes de um criat?rio comercial e 35 oriundos do acervo vivo da Funda??o RIOZOO. As amostras sangu?neas foram obtidas na veia jugular, transferidas, para tubos contendo EDTA e para outros sem anticoagulante. Somente as aves do RIOZOO foram tamb?m submetidas a uma nova coleta, que ocorreu 10 minutos ap?s anestesia com isoflurano, formando assim um grupo de 33 animais anestesiados e 35 n?o anestesiados. De cada animal foram aferidos trombocitometria, eritrocitometria, leucometrias global e espec?fica, determina??o de prote?nas plasm?ticas totais, ur?ia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, ?cido ?rico, colesterol, trigicer?deos, aspartato-aminotransferase, amilase, l?pase, creatinakinase, prote?nas totais s?ricas, albumina e globulinas. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA e teste t pareado. As f?meas apresentaram maior valor de trombocitometria. Os animais n?o anestesiados demonstraram um maior valor de leucometria global. N?o houve nenhuma diferen?a significatica entre machos e f?meas anestesiados. As aves oriundas do RIOZOO tiveram maior VG, hematimetria, VGM, contagem de eosin?filos e bas?filos, ur?ia, AST e CK, por?m, menores concentra??es de albumina e creatinina. O estudo revelou discrep?ncias a n?vel significativo entre os diferentes grupos estudados, permitindo um padr?o hematol?gico mais adequado com as caracter?sticas individuais de cada paciente.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-22T12:07:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - D?bora Costa Barroso.pdf: 1579387 bytes, checksum: 9adad5522f56d5852b007999979e4774 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - D?bora Costa Barroso.pdf: 1579387 bytes, checksum: 9adad5522f56d5852b007999979e4774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, at the Animal Science Institute. Four experiments were performed using as zootechnical additives avilamycin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and piperine in the feed of broilers. The objective was to evaluate the production rates and the possibility of withdrawal of the feed antimicrobials, evaluating the impact on the metabolization of nutrients balanced diet, influence on hematological parameters, but also to quantify the activity of the digestive enzymes and antioxidants. In the first experiment were used five treatments: basal diet + antibiotic (avilamycin); basal diet; basal diet + 60 mg / kg piperine; basal diet + 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and carvacrol and basal diet + 15 mg / kg capsaicin, with six replicates of 10 birds each, totaling 30 plots and 300 birds in metabolic cages. One metabolizable trial lasting 10 days was done. At 36 days of age the chickens were killed and liver collected from four birds per treatment, for evaluation of the catalase enzyme activity. The second experiment was added wheat bran to feed reference for analysis of pancreatic enzyme activity (amylase and protease). Five treatments and five replications of 10 birds each, totaling 25 plots and 250 chickens were used. The treatments were: basal diet + antimicrobial; reference diet; basal diet + 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and carvacrol; basal diet + 15 mg / kg capsaicin; basal diet + 30 mg / kg capsaicin. In the third experiment were used five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds each, totaling 30 plots and 300 chickens. The same treatments of the second experiment performed and were used in metabolic cages with performance analysis, carcass characteristics and metabolization assay. In the fourth experiment, we analyzed the performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters. The chickens were distributed in five treatments, similar to the second and third experiments, four repetitions with 30 chickens, totaling 600 birds in experimental shed. Data were analyzed by statistical program and when found significant effect was used SNK test and Dunnett's test for comparison of means with significance of 5% (p <0.05). The use of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine and capsaicin kept the results to villus height similar ileum when used avilamycin. Capsaicin protease resulted in equivalent pancreatic enzyme activity in the group that received avilamycin, as apparent metabolizable energy similar to that of chickens receiving the antimicrobial. By using 30 mg / kg capsaicin were observed decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion, lower post-fasting body weight and lower weight of hot carcass. The use of the tested phytogenic beneficially influenced some traits, justifying its use in the diet of broiler chickens / O presente trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no Instituto de Zootecnia. Foram realizados quatro experimentos, utilizando os aditivos zoot?cnicos avilamicina, capsaicina, cinamalde?do, carvacrol e piperina na ra??o de frangos de corte. O objetivo foi avaliar os ?ndices produtivos e a possibilidade de retirada dos antimicrobianos da ra??o, avaliando o impacto na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da ra??o balanceada, a influ?ncia sobre par?metros hematol?gicos, e tamb?m quantificar a atividade das enzimas digestivas e antioxidantes. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados cinco tratamentos: ra??o refer?ncia + antimicrobiano (avilamicina); ra??o refer?ncia; ra??o refer?ncia + 60 mg/Kg de piperina; ra??o refer?ncia + 150 mg/Kg de cinamalde?do, capsaicina e carvacrol e ra??o refer?ncia + 15 mg/Kg de capsaicina, com seis repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 30 parcelas e 300 aves, em gaiolas metab?licas. Foi realizado um ensaio de metabolizabilidade com dura??o de 10 dias. Com 36 dias de idade, os frangos foram abatidos e coletado o f?gado de quatro aves por tratamento, para avalia??o da atividade da enzima catalase. No segundo experimento, foi acrescentado farelo de trigo ? ra??o refer?ncia, para an?lise da atividade enzim?tica pancre?tica (amilase e protease). Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos e cinco repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 25 parcelas e 250 frangos. Os tratamentos foram: ra??o refer?ncia + antimicrobiano; ra??o refer?ncia; ra??o refer?ncia + 150 mg/Kg de cinamalde?do, capsaicina e carvacrol; ra??o refer?ncia + 15 mg/Kg de capsaicina; ra??o refer?ncia + 30 mg/Kg de capsaicina. No terceiro experimento foram utilizados cinco tratamentos e seis repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 30 parcelas e 300 frangos. Foram utilizados os mesmos tratamentos do segundo experimento e realizado em gaiolas metab?licas, com an?lise de desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e ensaio de metabolizabilidade. No quarto experimento, foram analisados o desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e par?metros sangu?neos. Os frangos foram distribu?dos em cinco tratamentos, semelhantes aos do segundo e terceiro experimentos, sendo quatro repeti??es com 30 frangos, totalizando 600 aves, em galp?o experimental. Os dados foram analisados por programa estat?stico e quando verificado efeito significativo foi utilizado o teste SNK e o teste Dunnett para compara??o das m?dias com signific?ncia de 5% (p<0,05). O uso de carvacrol, cinamalde?do, capsaicina e piperina mantiveram o resultado para altura de vilosidade do ?leo semelhante quando utilizada avilamicina. A capsaicina resultou em atividade enzim?tica prote?sica no p?ncreas equivalente ao do grupo que recebeu avilamicina, assim como energia metaboliz?vel aparente semelhante a dos frangos que receberam ra??o com o antimicrobiano. Ao utilizar 30 mg/kg de capsaicina, foram observados diminui??o do ganho de peso e aumento da convers?o alimentar, menor peso vivo p?s-jejum e menor peso de carca?a quente. O uso dos fitog?nicos testados influenciou beneficamente algumas caracter?sticas estudadas, justificando seu uso na dieta de frangos de corte.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-07T14:20:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Ana Cristina Nery de Castro.pdf: 706391 bytes, checksum: 9670ccf72b4782cc78fe6a9c8324261c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T14:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Ana Cristina Nery de Castro.pdf: 706391 bytes, checksum: 9670ccf72b4782cc78fe6a9c8324261c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical signs and factors associated with the seropositivity to Brucella canis in dogs admitted to a veterinary diagnosis center in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Serum samples were collected from 841 dogs, whose participation in the study was allowed by their owners. The samples were analyzed by the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test. The dogs were clinically examined, whilst their owners were interviewed in order to obtain data on the animals and their raising. The associations between the explanatory variables and the infection were measured using the 2 test or Fisher exact test whenever necessary. All variables with p 0.20 at the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable analysis by logistic regression. The backward elimination method was used to select the variables for statistical modeling. The level of significance to keep a variable in the final model was set at 5%. Seventeen (17) samples (2.0%) were reagent. The following variables were selected for the modeling: dogs with access to streets (p=0.03), ectoparasite infestation (p=0.03) tick infestation (p=0.005), reproductive activity (p=0.00001), contact with animals with reproductive problems (p=0.0009), sunlight (p=0.09), owner`s gender (p=0.16) and housing (p=0.12.In the final model, the variables tick infestation (OR= 5.47, IC 1.67- 17.86), reproductive activity (OR= 9.40, IC 2.88-30.65), contact with animals with reproductive problems (OR= 7.90, IC 2.18-28.64) and presence of sunlight inside the house (OR= 0.21, IC 0.06-0.64) remained statistically associated with seropositivity to B. canis, after confusing variables were controlled.. The clinical signs associated with the infection were abortion, scrotal dermatitis, eye alterations and presence of nodules. The results of this study suggest that canine brucellosis is a rare disease also in other similar populations, being linked to the variables associated with animal handling. This reconfirms the need of a good sanitary and reproductive management to prevent and control the disease. The detection of clinical signs associated with seropositivity to B. canis highlights the importance of a good anamnesis, as well as a detailed clinical examination of the dog upon its admittance to clinics. / Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar os sinais cl?nicos e os fatores associados ? soropositividade para Brucella canis, em c?es atendidos num centro de diagn?stico veterin?rio do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 841 de c?es, admitidos no centro de diagn?stico, cujos propriet?rios permitiram a participa??o no estudo. As amostras foram analisadas pelo exame de Imunodifus?o em Gel de Agar. Os c?es foram examinados clinicamente e uma entrevista foi realizada com seus propriet?rios para obten??o de dados sobre os animais e sua cria??o. Os testes do 2 ou exato de Fisher, quando necess?rio, foram empregados para mensurar as associa??es entre as vari?veis explicativas e a presen?a de infec??o. Todas as vari?veis com p 0,20 ? an?lise bivariada foram inclu?das na an?lise multivari?vel de regress?o log?stica. O m?todo backward elimination foi utilizado para selecionar as vari?veis para a modelagem estat?stica. O n?vel de signific?ncia para manter uma vari?vel no modelo final foi estabelecido em 5%. Foram reagentes 17 (2,0%) amostras. As vari?veis, c?es com acesso ? rua (p=0,03), infesta??o por ectoparasitas (p=0,03) e carrapatos (p=0,005), atividade reprodutiva (p=0,00001), contato com animais com dist?rbios reprodutivos (p=0,0009), luz solar (p=0,09), g?nero dos propriet?rios (p=0,16) e alojamento (p=0,12) foram selecionadas para a modelagem. No modelo final, as vari?veis infesta??o por carrapatos (OR= 5,47, IC 1,67-17,86), atividade reprodutiva (OR= 9,40, IC 2,88-30,65), contato com animais com problemas reprodutivos (OR= 7,90, IC 2,18-28,64) e presen?a de luz solar na resid?ncia (OR= 0,21, IC 0,06-0,64) se mantiveram estatisticamente associadas ? soropositividade para B. canis, ap?s o controle das vari?veis de confundimento. Os sinais cl?nicos associados ? infec??o foram o abortamento, dermatite escrotal, altera??es nos olhos e ocorr?ncia de n?dulos. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que a brucelose canina em popula??es semelhantes ? estudada ? uma doen?a rara e associada ?s vari?veis relativas ao manejo dos animais, refor?ando a necessidade de um bom manejo sanit?rio e reprodutivo para a preven??o e controle. A detec??o de sinais cl?nicos associados com a soropositividade para B.canis ressalta a import?ncia, de uma boa anamnese do c?o, bem como um exame cl?nico minucioso quando atendidos em cl?nicas.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / In rural areas the native forest fragments and the presence of the tree element can provide many ecosystem services to the population and the productive system. However, due to the small size of the properties of small producers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, linked to the fear of losing production areas with the introduction of trees not always this element is part of the system. One of the strategies found for the introduction of tree species in production systems is the use of it as a hedge. The objective of this study was to test the cutting propagation of multifunctional forest species with potential for use as a living fence. It was assessed that the best position in the branch, apex or base and the use of nut grass extract in the rooting of cuttings of Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliricidia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito and Casearia sylvestris. The vegetative propagules were immersed in distilled water or immersed in solution extract of C. rotundus tubers. We evaluated the number and size of buds, budding rate, shoot dry weight, rooting rate, root number, size of the largest root, root dry weight and survival rate. The species G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius and T. micranta presented rooting rate of 17.5%, 7.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The other did not send roots. As for the position in the branch, only 5% of apical cuttings of S. terebinthifolius issued roots. The highest rates were found budding in S. terebinthifolius (47.5%), G. sepium (27.5%), C. sylvestris (22.5%) and T. micranta (2.5%). The use of C. rotundus extract showed significant difference in the number of shoots of basal cuttings of G. sepium, but had no effect on rooting. Only G. sepium showed potential for reproduction by cuttings. The use of cuttings obtained from the base of the branches were more efficient in propagation of forest species. The use of fitoregulador not influenced rooting, however, showed potential in boosting the number of shoots in basal cuttings of G. sepium / Na ?rea rural os fragmentos de mata nativa e a presen?a do elemento arb?reo podem fornecer diversos servi?os ecossist?micos ? popula??o e ao sistema produtivo. Por?m, em consequ?ncia ao reduzido tamanho das propriedades dos pequenos produtores do estado do Rio de Janeiro, associado ao receio de perder ?reas de produ??o com a introdu??o das ?rvores, nem sempre este elemento faz parte do sistema produtivo. Uma das estrat?gias encontradas para agregar esp?cies arb?reas aos sistemas produtivos ? o uso das mesmas como cerca viva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a propaga??o por estaquia de esp?cies florestais multifuncionais com potencial para uso como cerca viva. Foi avaliada qual a melhor posi??o do ramo, ?pice ou base e o uso do extrato de Cyperus rotundus sobre o enraizamento das estacas de Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliric?dia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito e Casearia sylvestris. Os prop?gulos vegetativos foram imersos em ?gua destilada ou imersos em solu??o com 50% de ?gua destilada e 50 % de extrato de tub?rculos de C. rotundus. Foram avaliados o n?mero e tamanho dos brotos, taxa de brota??o, mat?ria seca de parte a?rea, taxa de enraizamento, n?mero de ra?zes prim?rias, tamanho da maior raiz, mat?ria seca de raiz e taxa de sobreviv?ncia. As esp?cies G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius e T. micranta apresentaram taxa de enraizamento de 17,5%, 7,5% e 2,5%, respectivamente. As demais n?o emitiram ra?zes. Quanto ? posi??o no ramo, somente 5% das estacas apicais de S. terebinthifolius emitiram ra?zes. As maiores taxas de brota??o foram encontradas em S. terebinthifolius (47,5%), G. sepium (27,5%), C. sylvestris (22,5%) e T. micranta (2,5 %). O uso do extrato de C. rotundus mostrou diferen?a significativa no n?mero de brotos das estacas basais de G. sepium, mas n?o apresentou influ?ncia no enraizamento. Nas condi??es avaliadas apenas a G. sepium apresentou potencial para a reprodu??o por estaquia. O uso de estacas obtidas a partir da base dos ramos mostraram-se mais eficientes na propaga??o das esp?cies florestais. O uso do fitoregulador n?o influenciou o enraizamento, no entanto, mostrou potencial no est?mulo do n?mero de brota??es nas estacas basais de G. sepium

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-21T12:10:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafaella Camara Teixeira.pdf: 2127524 bytes, checksum: 2f2281ce314ac38db40bc03d628e7447 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T12:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafaella Camara Teixeira.pdf: 2127524 bytes, checksum: 2f2281ce314ac38db40bc03d628e7447 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Cell cultures provide a simplified system of observation that can be particularly useful for studies of intracellular and epicellular microorganisms. The aim of this study was to establish in vitro embryonic cells primary culture of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus to cultivate the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi american strain G39/40. The culture was established from embryonated eggs of engorged females of R. sanguineus to 12 days after the beginning of the oviposition, using the culture medium Leibovitz's L-15B supplemented with 20% of inactivated fetal calf serum, 10% of tryptose phosphate broth, 0.1% fraction V bovine albumin, 1% of glutamine and 0.1% of gentamicin antibiotic, pH 6.8. After the formation of a monolayer, the initial culture medium L-15B was removed from the tubes and replaced by Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium (BSK) or BSK with L-15B without antibiotics. Spirochetes previously grown in BSK were counted and inoculated into tubes, with final concentration of approximately 6.2 x 105 spirochetes/mL. B. burgdorferi from the inoculated tubes were countered when the means showed yellow color, indicative of high acidity due to the multiplication of spirochetes. On the third day after the start of primary culture of R. sanguineus embryonic cells, we observed the fixation of cell aggregates on the surface of the bottles. From these clusters, there were several cell types, such as large fibroblast-type cells and structures like vesicles and tubes. In the second week, we observed the appearance of round or flattened epithelial-type cells, and after 21 days of culture, we realized the formation of a monolayer due to the appearance of confluent cells. The L-15B medium proved to be efficient for the development of primary culture of R. sanguineus embryonic cells. There was a great multiplication of spirochetes cultivated with cultured embryonic cells when compared to the initial concentration, as well as the spirochetes grown in the absence of the tick cells, observing an increase of 100 times the number of B. burgdorferi. Seven days after inoculation, the tubes in which we used only the BSK medium, higher concentrations of B. burgdorferi were recovered when compared to the tubes where the medium BSK and Leibovitz's L-15B were used. Regardless of the culture media tested, the final concentration of B. burgdorferi of the tubes with embryonic tick cells was lower than that of seamless embryonic cells. In observation of the culture tubes on microscopy phase contrast, spirochetes were presented adhered to epithelial-type and fibroblast-type tick cells in an epicelular way and with great motility. R. sanguineus embryonic cells grown in BSK medium, with or without B. burgdorferi inoculation, stopped its propagation, showed membrane degeneration and many of them broke away from the surface of the bottle. The cells grown in BSK and L- 15B continued to multiply, many were still intact and attached to the bottle, with the presence of tissues in development, with fewer degenerated and floating cells than those cultivated in BSK. The spirochete B. burgdorferi strain G39/40, adhered, grew, multiplied and showed great motility in cultures of embryonic cells of R. sanguineus tick, using BSK and Leibovitz?s L-15B media. / As culturas celulares oferecem um simplificado sistema de observa??o que pode ser particularmente ?til para estudos de microrganismos intracelulares e epicelulares. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer cultura prim?ria in vitro de c?lulas embrion?rias do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus para cultivo da espiroqueta Borrelia burgdorferi, cepa americana G39/40. A cultura foi estabelecida a partir de ovos embrionados de f?meas ingurgitadas de R. sanguineus com 12 dias ap?s o ?nicio da postura, utilizando o meio de cultivo Leibovitz?s L- 15B, suplementado com 20% de soro fetal bovino inativado, 10% de caldo triptose fosfato, 0,1% fra??o V de albumina bovina, 1% de glutamina e 0,1% de antibi?tico gentamicina, pH 6,8. Com a forma??o de uma monocamada celular, o meio de cultura inicial L-15B foi retirado dos tubos e trocado por meio Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) ou BSK com L-15B sem antibi?tico. As espiroquetas previamente cultivadas em BSK foram contadas e inoculadas nos tubos, apresentando concentra??o final de aproximadamente 6,2 x 105 espiroquetas/mL. A contagem de B. burgdorferi dos tubos inoculados foi realizada quando o meio apresentou colora??o amarela, indicativa de elevada acidez devido ? multiplica??o das espiroquetas. No terceiro dia ap?s o in?cio da cultura prim?ria de c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus, foi poss?vel observar a fixa??o de agregados celulares na superf?cie dos frascos. A partir destes agregados, surgiram diversos tipos celulares, como grandes c?lulas fibroblast?ides e estruturas semelhantes a ves?culas e tubos. Na segunda semana, foi observado o aparecimento das c?lulas epiteli?ides ou redondas e, com 21 dias de cultivo, visualizou-se a forma??o de uma monocamada celular devido ao aspecto confluente das c?lulas. O meio de cultivo L-15B demonstrou ser eficiente para o desenvolvimento da cultura prim?ria de c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus. Houve grande multiplica??o das espiroquetas cultivadas com c?lulas embrion?rias quando comparada ? concentra??o inicial, assim como das espiroquetas cultivadas na aus?ncia das c?lulas de carrapato, observando-se um aumento em 100 vezes do n?mero de B. burgdorferi. Sete dias ap?s a inocula??o, foram recuperadas maiores concentra??es de B. burgdorferi nos tubos onde se utilizou somente o meio BSK, do que nos tubos onde foi utilizado BSK juntamente com Leibovitz?s L-15B. Independente dos meios de cultivo testados, a concentra??o final de B. burgdorferi dos tubos com c?lulas embrion?rias de carrapato foi menor do que a dos tubos sem c?lulas embrion?rias. Na observa??o dos tubos de cultivo ? microscopia de contraste de fase, as espiroquetas apresentaram-se aderidas ?s c?lulas de carrapato epiteli?ides e fibroblast?ides de maneira epicelular e com grande motilidade. As c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus cultivadas em meio BSK, com ou sem in?culo de B. burgdorferi, pararam sua multiplica??o, apresentaram degenera??o na membrana e muitas desprenderam-se da superf?cie do frasco. As c?lulas cultivadas em meio BSK e L-15B continuaram a se multiplicar, muitas ainda estavam ?ntegras e aderidas ao frasco, com presen?a de tecidos em desenvolvimento, com menos c?lulas degeneradas e flutuantes que as cultivadas somente em BSK. A espiroqueta B. burgdorferi, cepa G39/40, aderiu, cresceu, multiplicou e apresentou grande motilidade nos cultivos com c?lulas embrion?rias do carrapato R. sanguineus, utilizando meios BSK e Leibovitz?s L-15B.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-24T12:38:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wilson Franklim de Vasconcelos Filho.pdf: 785209 bytes, checksum: a1bf8c5a2306da3cdf30db3da6cf4f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T12:38:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wilson Franklim de Vasconcelos Filho.pdf: 785209 bytes, checksum: a1bf8c5a2306da3cdf30db3da6cf4f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / Planos de Reestrutura??o e Expans?o das Universidades Federais (Reuni) / Even with technological advances in the field of artificial insemination, there is a huge number of people freezing semen in a manual way. This technique has proven to be viable, however, it is difficult to standardize the cooling and freezing curves, since they depend on the quality of the material used (refrigerator sealing, type of cooler, liquid nitrogen level and other). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cryopreservation of bovine semen using two freezing techniques (conventional and automated) on motility, vigor and heat resistance of the sperm after thawing. The experiment was developed over a period of 12 weeks, divided into two parts, an initial six weeks part where Tris-yolk extender was used and a second part in which the extender used was Citrate-yolk. Three Holstein bulls were used for weekly semen collection by artificial vagina method. After collection, were evaluated: volume, motility, mass motility and sperm concentration to find out the number of doses. After dilution, the semen was stored in straws of 0.5 ml. Then the straws were subjected to conventional freezing technique (use of refrigerator, nitrogen vapor and immersion in liquid nitrogen) and automated technique (machine from Cryogen ?). After 24 hours the samples were thawed, re-tested and underwent the quick thermoresistance test. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (nonparametric) with a significance level of 5% with the aid of BioEstat 4 and Systat 11 PC-programs. There was significant difference (p <0.05) between automated and manual techniques for both extenders used, and the automated technique has presented the best results for motility and vigor after cryopreservation and thermoresistance test. Thus, we can conclude that the automated technique to freezing bovine semen has shown to be advantageous and practical because as well as providing better results, it standardizes cooling and freezing curves. / Mesmo com os avan?os tecnol?gicos no campo da insemina??o artificial, ainda ? grande o n?mero de pessoas que realizam a congela??o de s?men de maneira manual. Esta t?cnica tem se mostrado vi?vel, por?m, ? dif?cil padronizar as curvas de resfriamento e de congela??o, uma vez que dependem da qualidade do material utilizado (veda??o da geladeira, tipo de caixa de isopor, quantidade de gelo, n?vel de nitrog?nio l?quido e outros). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da criopreserva??o de s?men bovino utilizando duas t?cnicas de congela??o (convencional e automatizada) sobre a motilidade, vigor e resist?ncia t?rmica dos espermatoz?ides ap?s a descongela??o. O experimento foi elaborado em um per?odo de 12 semanas, sendo dividido em duas partes, uma inicial de seis semanas onde foi utilizado o diluidor Tris-gema e uma segunda parte na qual o diluidor utilizado foi Citrato-gema. Foram utilizados tr?s touros holandeses para coleta de s?men semanal pelo m?todo da vagina artificial. Ap?s a coleta, foram avaliados: volume, motilidade, turbilhonamento, vigor e concentra??o esperm?tica para determina??o do n?mero de doses. Ap?s dilui??o, o s?men foi envasado em palhetas de 0,5 ml. Em seguida, as palhetas foram submetidas ?s t?cnicas de congela??o convencional (uso de geladeira, vapor de nitrog?nio e imers?o em nitrog?nio l?quido) e automatizada (aparelho da Cryogen?). Ap?s 24 horas as amostras foram descongeladas, reavaliadas e submetidas ao teste de termoresist?ncia r?pido (TTR). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis (an?lise de vari?ncia n?o param?trica) com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% com aux?lio dos programas BioEstat 4 e Systat 11. Houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) entre as t?cnicas automatizada e manual para os dois diluidores testados, sendo a t?cnica automatizada a que apresentou melhores resultados para motilidade e vigor ap?s a criopreserva??o e teste de resist?ncia t?rmica. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que a t?cnica automatizada para congela??o de s?men bovino apresenta-se vantajosa e pr?tica pois al?m de proporcionar melhores resultados, ela padroniza as curvas de refrigera??o e de congelamento.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T16:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tayana Galv?o Scheiffer de Paula Antunes.pdf: 886909 bytes, checksum: 3d81bdb995e369056c9a96e210803d4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T16:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tayana Galv?o Scheiffer de Paula Antunes.pdf: 886909 bytes, checksum: 3d81bdb995e369056c9a96e210803d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Aiming to obtain information to support the biodiversity management that enable sustainable production systems and ensure the quality of natural resources, this study contribute to increasing agricultural productivity based on the use of green manure in a sustainable manner, aiming to evaluate the behavior of winter green manures lupines albus, black oats and the consortium between those two in mountain environment, and the influence of the herbicide decomposition rate of straws from these plants and diversity and abundance of soil fauna. The experiment was conducted in the area of EscolaT?cnicaAgr?colaEstadualRei Alberto I, located in the Watershed Barrac?o dos Mendes, Municipality of NovaFriburgo, mountainous region on the state of Rio de Janeiro at an altitude of 1,065m. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four treatments: black oat, lupines albus, consortium and weeds, with four replications each, totaling 16 plots in the first stage of work, experiment 1. On the experiment 2, the plots were subdivided into two management systems, mechanical, where the plants were mowed and chemical, which occurred application of glyphosate herbicide, for the deposition of the straws on the ground. On the first part, productivity of green manure was evaluated, as well as the accumulation of nutrients and the epigaeous fauna associated to vegetation. The second part, after the management of the green manure, aimed the evaluation of mass loss of plant residues, epigaeous fauna and associated soil macrofauna. The main results showed that the lupine, single or consortium obtained satisfactory productivity, both in terms of biomass and the amount of accumulated nutrients, presenting potential for use in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro. The loss of mass of the residues was affected by the use of herbicide. The community of epigaeous fauna was not a good indicator because it didn?t suffer significant changes before or after the green manure management. The colembolas population was negatively afected by the herbicide. The soil macrofauna was more sensitive to the diferent forms of management, and the reduction of the density soil organisms could be observed up to 10 times when the plants were sprayed with herbicide. It was also noted the reduction on the macrofauna diversity. There was no difference in the chemical composition of the soil due to different covers and forms of management / Visando obter informa??es que ap?iem a proposi??o de manejos de gest?o da biodiversidade, que viabilizem sistemas de produ??o sustent?veis e garantam a qualidade dos recursos naturais, este estudo pretende colaborar com o aumento da produtividade agr?cola com base no uso da aduba??o verde, de forma sustent?vel. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento dos adubos verdes de inverno tremo?o-branco, aveia-preta e do cons?rcio entre os dois, em ambiente de montanha, e a influ?ncia do herbicida na taxa de decomposi??o das palhadas dessas plantas e na diversidade e abund?ncia da fauna do solo. O experimento de campo foi conduzido na ?rea da Escola T?cnica Agr?cola Estadual Rei Alberto I, localizada na Microbacia do Barrac?o dos Mendes, Munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, Regi?o Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a uma altitude de 1.065 m. O Delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos: aveia-preta, tremo?o-branco, cons?rcio e plantas espont?neas, com quatro repeti??es cada, totalizando 16 parcelas na primeira etapa do trabalho, etapa I. Na etapa II, as parcelas foram subdivididas em duas formas de manejo, mec?nico, onde as plantas foram ro?adas, e qu?mico, onde ocorreu aplica??o do herbicida glifosato, para a deposi??o das palhadas sobre o solo. Na etapa I, estudou-se a produtividade das plantas de cobertura, bem como o ac?mulo de nutrientes e a fauna ep?gea associada ?vegeta??o. Na segunda etapa, ap?s o manejo das plantas de cobertura, foi realizada a avalia??o da perda de massa dos res?duos vegetais, fauna ep?gea e macrofauna ed?fica associadas a esses res?duos. Como principais resultados, observou-se que o tremo?o, solteiro ou consorciado, obteve produtividade satisfat?ria, tanto em termos de fitomassa, quanto de quantidades de nutrientes acumulados, apresentando potencial para o uso na Regi?o Serrana do Rio de Janeiro. A perda de massa dos res?duos vegetais foi afetada com o uso de herbicida. A comunidade da fauna ep?gea n?o foi um bom indicador, pois n?o sofreu significativas modifica??es antes ou ap?s o manejo das plantas de cobertura. No entanto, as popula??es de col?mbolos foram afetadas negativamente pelo herbicida. J? a comunidade da macrofauna ed?fica se mostrou mais sens?vel ?s formas de manejo, sendo observada a redu??o da densidade dos organismos do solo ? metade e em at? 10 vezes, quando as plantas foram manejadas com herbicida. Observou-se tamb?m redu??o da diversidade da macrofauna. N?o houve diferen?a na composi??o qu?mica do solo em fun??o das diferentes coberturas e formas de manejo

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-27T13:09:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marina Vasconcelos de Oliveira.pdf: 1221503 bytes, checksum: 9381f92942c7388888364c8566c8a781 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T13:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marina Vasconcelos de Oliveira.pdf: 1221503 bytes, checksum: 9381f92942c7388888364c8566c8a781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Tropical forests support a great vegetal diversity, in part, through an nutrient cycling initiated by the soil arthropod?s fauna, which facilitated the litter decomposers action, propitiating the release of stock nutrients to the soil. Therefore, studies about these fauna and what factors alter it are extremely important to understand the nutrient cycling process in tropical forests. Among epigeic fauna represents, the leaf-cutting ants are considered the Neotropical region dominant herbivores and studies relate their multiple effects on vegetable community and the soil . Nonetheless, there aren?t studies about leaf-cutting ants effects on other arthropods communities, including mirmecofauna. This study aim to investigate the nests effects of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) on a soil arthropod community. The study site was Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where we collected samples at ten A. sexdens nests in period of 2 February to 9 February 2016. Along a linear transect of 32 meters, we collected litter samples from 0,25 m? size at intervals of 8 meters from each nests? edge of A. sexdens, whereby we also measured the air and soil temperature, the light and the air relative humidity. We aim to verify if litter structure and microclimatic conditions alter arthropod community structure and if these effects can be mediated by A. sexdens nests. The hypothesis in question are: 1) Litter Hypothesis, whereby arthropod community structure would be influenced by litter and litter would be altered by A. sexdens; 2) Abiotic Factors Hypothesis, whereby arthropod community structure would be influenced by abiotic factors and these factors would be altered by A. sexdens and 3) Nest Hypothesis, whereby community alterations would happen through intrinsic factors to active nests presence and not explained by alterations in a litter and/or in abiotic factors measured. For the test of the first and the second hypothesis, we did simple regressions and next variance analysis, assessing the litter and abiotic factors effects on arthropod community parameters and if this effects can be mediated by A. sexdens. To test Nest Hypothesis, we did variance analysis and analysis of similarities, assessing direct effects of A. sexdens on other arthropods community. We collected 3074 arthropods, among them Acari and Collembola were the most abundant groups. In relation of the ants, we obtained 63 specimens, in 26 genera and 32 identified species. The Strumigenys genus was one of the most frequent genera and it detained the biggest richness among mirmecofauna predators.We didn?t detect A. sexdens effects on soil arthropod community around its nests. Studies that include sazonality and behavior comparison between different species of leaf-cutting ants can result in new knowledge about the interaction between these organisms and other arthropods / As florestas tropicais sustentam uma grande diversidade vegetal, em parte, devido ? ciclagem de nutrientes iniciada pela fauna de artr?podes do solo, que facilita a a??o dos decompositores da serrapilheira, propiciando a libera??o dos nutrientes estocados para o solo. Logo, estudos sobre essa fauna e que fatores a afetam s?o importantes para a compreens?o dos processos de ciclagem de nutrientes em florestas tropicais. Dentre os representantes da fauna epigeica, as formigas-cortadeiras s?o consideradas os herb?voros dominantes da regi?o Neotropical e estudos relatam seus m?ltiplos efeitos sobre a comunidade vegetal e o solo. Entretanto, n?o h? estudos sobre os efeitos das formigas-cortadeiras sobre a comunidade dos demais artr?podes. Este estudo visa investigar os efeitos dos ninhos de formigas-cortadeiras Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) sobre a comunidade de artr?podes do solo. A ?rea de estudo foi a Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u, munic?pio de Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, na qual coletamos amostras em 10 ninhos de A. sexdens no per?odo de 2 a 9 de fevereiro de 2016. Ao longo de um transecto linear de 32 metros, coletamos amostras de serrapilheira de tamanho 0,25m? a intervalos de 8 metros a partir da borda de cada ninho de A. sexdens, nos quais tamb?m medimos as temperaturas do ar e do solo, a luz e a umidade relativa do ar. Objetivamos averiguar se a estrutura da serrapilheira e as condi??es microclim?ticas alteram a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes e se esses efeitos podem ser mediados pelos ninhos de A. sexdens. As hip?teses em estudo s?o: 1) Hip?tese da Serrapilheira, na qual a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes seria influenciada pela serrapilheira e a serrapilheira seria alterada por A. sexdens; 2) Hip?tese dos Fatores Abi?ticos, na qual a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes seria influenciada pelos fatores abi?ticos locais e estes fatores seriam alterados por A. sexdens e 3) Hip?tese do Ninho, em que as altera??es na comunidade se dariam por fatores intr?nsecos ? presen?a dos ninhos ativos e n?o explicados por altera??es na serrapilheira e/ou nos fatores abi?ticos medidos. As duas primeiras hip?teses foram testadas atrav?s de regress?es lineares simples, seguidas de an?lises de vari?ncia, avaliando os efeitos da serrapilheira e dos fatores abi?ticos sobre os par?metros da comunidade de artr?podes e se esses efeitos podem ser mediados por A. sexdens. No teste da hip?tese do Ninho, fizemos an?lises de vari?ncia e an?lises de similaridade, avaliando os efeitos diretos de A. sexdens sobre a comunidade dos demais artr?podes. Coletamos 3074 artr?podes, dentre os quais Acari e Collembola foram os grupos mais abundantes. Em rela??o ?s formigas, obtivemos 63 morfoesp?cies, em 26 g?neros e 32 esp?cies identificadas. O g?nero Strumigenys foi um dos g?neros mais frequentes e deteve a maior riqueza dentre os predadores da mirmecofauna. N?o detectamos efeitos de A. sexdens sobre a comunidade de artr?podes do solo do seu entorno. Estudos que incluam a sazonalidade e que comparem o comportamento entre diferentes esp?cies de formigas-cortadeiras podem resultar em novos conhecimentos a respeito da intera??o desses organismos com os demais artr?podes

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T13:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - MICHELLE MIDORI SENA FUGIMURA.pdf: 727349 bytes, checksum: 7ba1d796440495f1fa87bc9994825c7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T13:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - MICHELLE MIDORI SENA FUGIMURA.pdf: 727349 bytes, checksum: 7ba1d796440495f1fa87bc9994825c7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / FUGIMURA, Michelle Midori Sena. Effects of temperature and stocking density on the growth and survival of juvenile of Litopenaeus schmitti. 2009. 33p. Dissertation (Master Science in Animal Science). Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2009. The white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti is considered a promising species concerning aquaculture; however, there is limited information regarding its growth in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature and stocking density, as well as the juvenile survival rate of raised L. schmitti in captivity. This study was carried out at the Marine Biology Station of UFRRJ for 42 days. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial arrangement 2 x 3, referring to water temperature (24 and 26?C) and stocking densities (220; 440 and 660 shrimp/m?), respectively. After the acclimatization period, weight and individual total length were recorded for every shrimp (n= 240), that were assigned to wire baskets. The average initial weight and total individual length were 0,38?0,09 g e 34,91?2,38 mm, respectively. Wire baskets of 0,17 m diameter were considered the experimental units. They were kept on polyethylene tanks which had 150 L of treated seawater and constant aeration. The tanks were cleaned on a daily basis, as data on abiotic factors were collected, such as: salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The temperature was maintained by electrical thermostats heaters. All shrimp were fed on a commercial diet containing 40% protein, on equal quantities, three times a day at 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h. At the beginning of the experiment the commercial diet was offered at 40% of shrimp biomass, but this rate was adjusted weekly. Shrimps of every repetition were weighted, in group, once a week. At the end of the experiment, individual weight and total length were measured. The specific growth rate, apparent feed conversion, weight gain (g and %), length gain (%), biomass/ha, survival rate, weight and average total final length were calculated and analyzed to evaluate significative difference related to stocking density and temperature using the ANOVA and Tukey test ?posthoc?. There was no significant difference between the two factors analyzed (p > 0,05), except for biomass/ha. The treatments with 26?C of temperature and the 220 shrimp/m? of stocking density showed a positive effect (p < 0,05) on the juvenile L. schmitti growth. / O camar?o branco Litopenaeus schmitti ? considerada uma esp?cie promissora para aq?icultura, por?m existem poucas informa??es sobre o crescimento da esp?cie em cativeiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e densidade de estocagem no crescimento e sobreviv?ncia de juvenis de L. schmitti em cativeiro. O estudo foi realizado na Esta??o de Biologia Marinha da UFRRJ durante 42 dias. Os tratamentos foram distribu?dos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, referindo a temperatura da ?gua (24 e 26?C) e as densidades de estocagem (220; 440 e 660 indiv?duos/m?), respectivamente. Ap?s o per?odo de aclimata??o, foram registrados o peso e comprimento total individual de todos os indiv?duos (n=240), e realizada a distribui??o em cestas teladas. Os animais apresentaram peso e comprimento total inicial m?dio igual a 0,38?0,09 g e 34,91?2,38 mm, respectivamente. As cestas teladas com di?metro de 0,17 m foram consideradas as unidades experimentais, e mantidas em tanques de polietileno com cerca de 150 L de ?gua tratada e aera??o constante. Diariamente, foi realizada a limpeza dos tanques e registrado os dados abi?ticos: salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido. A manuten??o da temperatura foi feita atrav?s de aquecedores com termostatos el?tricos. Uma ra??o comercial com 40% de prote?na bruta foi fornecida aos animais em quantidades iguais, tr?s vezes ao dia, ?s 8, 14 e 20 hs. A quantidade de ra??o fornecida foi igual a 40% da biomassa no inicio do experimento, sendo reajustada semanalmente. Uma vez por semana os camar?es de cada repeti??o foram pesados em grupo. No final do experimento, o peso e o comprimento total foram tomados individualmente. A taxa de crescimento espec?fico, a convers?o alimentar bruta, o ganho de peso (g), ganho de peso (%), ganho de comprimento (%), a biomassa/ha, sobreviv?ncia, peso e comprimento total final m?dio foram calculados e analisados para avaliar as diferen?as significativas em rela??o ?s densidades de estocagem e temperatura atrav?s da ANOVA e posteriormente pelo teste de Tukey. N?o foi observado efeito significativo de intera??o entre os dois fatores estudados (p > 0,05), exceto para a biomassa/ha. A temperatura de 26?C e a densidade de 220 camar?es/m? isoladamente apresentou um efeito positivo (p < 0,05) sobre o crescimento de juvenis de L. schmitti.